Arthur Schopenhauer: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Arthur_Schopenhauer_by_Elisabet_Ney.jpg|jmpl|Patung Schopenhauer oleh Elisabeth Ney]]
Schopenhauer adalah filsuf Jerman paling berpengaruh sampai dengan [[Perang Dunia I|Perang Dunia Pertama]].<ref name="Weltschmerz">{{Cite book|last=Beiser|first=Frederick C.|year=2008|title=Weltschmerz, Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860–1900|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-876871-5|pages=14–16|quote=Arthur Schopenhauer was the most famous and influential philosopher in Germany from 1860 until the First World War. ... Schopenhauer had a profound influence on two intellectual movements of the late 19th century that were utterly opposed to him: neo-Kantianism and positivism. He forced these movements to address issues they would otherwise have completely ignored, and in doing so he changed them markedly. ... Schopenhauer set the agenda for his age.}}</ref> Filsafatnya menjadi dasar pemikiran bagi generasi filsuf selanjutnya, termasuk [[Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann]], Philipp Mainländer, dan [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]. Karya-karyanya membentuk perdebatan-perdebatan intelektual, dan memaksa pandangan-pandangan yang sepenuhnya menentangnya seperti [[Neo Kantianisme|neo-Kantianisme]] dan [[positivisme]] untuk mengatasi isu-isu yang telah mereka abaikan.<ref name="Weltschmerz" /> Penulis Perancis [[Guy de Maupassant|Maupassant]] berkomentar bahwa "saat ini bahkan mereka yang membencinya tampaknya masih mengadopsi unsur-unsur pemikiran Schopenhauer ke dalam jiwa mereka sendiri".
Karya-karya Schopenhauer juga dibaca dengan baik oleh para fisikawan terutama [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]], [[Erwin Schrödinger|Schrödinger]], [[Wolfgang Pauli]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Howard|first=Don|year=1997|title=A Peek behind the Veil of Maya: Einstein, Schopenhauer, and the Historical Background of the Conception of Space as a Ground for the Individuation of Physical Systems|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|quote=Pauli greatly admired Schopenhauer. ... Pauli wrote sympathetically about extrasensory perception, noting approvingly that "even such a thoroughly critical philosopher as Schopenhauer not only regarded parapsychological effects going far beyond what is secured by scientific evidence as possible, but even considered them as a support for his philosophy".}}</ref> dan [[Ettore Majorana|Majorana]].<ref name="Majorana">{{Cite book|last=Bassani|first=Giuseppe-Franco|date=15 December 2006|title=Ettore Majorana: Scientific Papers|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-48091-4|editor-last=Società Italiana di Fisica|page=xl|quote=His interest in philosophy, which had always been great, increased and prompted him to reflect deeply on the works of various philosophers, in particular Schopenhauer.}}</ref> Einstein menganggap pemikiran Schopenhauer sebagai "sumber penghiburan tiada henti" dan menyebutnya jenius.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|year=2007|title=Einstein: His Life and Universe|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-6474-7|page=367}}</ref> Di ruang kerja Einstein di Berlin, terdapat tiga tokoh yang dipajang di dinding: [[Michael Faraday|Faraday]], [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell]], dan Schopenhauer.<ref>Howard (1997). p. 87</ref> Arsitek Konrad Wachsmann menulis: "Dia sering duduk dengan salah satu buku Schopenhauer yang sudah usang. Ketika dia duduk di sana, dia tampak sangat senang, seolah-olah dia sedang sibuk dengan pekerjaan yang syahdu dan ceria."<ref>Howard (1997). p. 92</ref>
Ketika [[Erwin Schrödinger]] menemukan karya-karya Schopenhauer (yang ia anggap sebagai "sarjana terhebat di Barat") ia mempertimbangkan untuk pindah bidang studi dari fisika ke filsafat.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Halpern|first=Paul|year=2015|title=Einstein's Dice and Schrödinger's Cat: How Two Great Minds Battled Quantum Randomness to Create a Unified Theory of Physics|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-04065-0|page=189}}</ref> Namun, Schrödinger tetap mempertahankan pandangan idealisnya selama sisa hidupnya.<ref>Howard (1997). p. 132</ref> [[Wolfgang Pauli]] setuju dengan prinsip utama metafisika Schopenhauer: bahwa [[An sich|benda dalam dirinya sendiri]] adalah kehendak.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Raymond B. Marcin|title=Schopenhauers Metaphysics and Contemporary Quantum Theory|url=https://www.academia.edu/6149849|quote=David Lindorff referred to Schopenhauer as Pauli's "favorite philosopher", and Pauli himself often expressed his agreement with the main tenet of Schopenhauer's philosophy. … Suzanne Gieser cited a 1952 letter from Pauli to Carl Jung, in which Pauli indicated that, while he accepted Schopenhauer's main tenet that the thing-in-itself of all reality is will.}}{{Pranala mati}}</ref>{{Butuh rujukan}}
Schopenhauer paling terkenal di antara para artis dan seniman. Komposer [[Richard Wagner]] menjadi salah satu pengikut filsafat Schopenhauerian yang paling awal dan terkenal.<ref>See e.g. Magee (2000) 276–278.</ref> Namun, kekaguman Wagner tidaklah bersifat timbal-balik; Schopenhauer mengatakan: "Saya tetap setia pada Rossini dan Mozart!"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nicholas Mathew, Benjamin Walton|title=The Invention of Beethoven and Rossini: Historiography, Analysis, Criticism|page=296}}</ref> Oleh karena itu, ia dijuluki “filsuf para artis”. Lihat juga [[Tristan und Isolde|Pengaruh Schopenhauer pada ''Tristan und Isolde'']].
Karena pengaruh Schopenhauer, sastrawan [[Leo Tolstoy]] menjadi yakin bahwa kebenaran semua agama terletak pada penolakan atau pengunduran diri. Ketika dia membaca filsafat Schopenhauer, Tolstoy berseru, “Saat ini saya yakin bahwa Schopenhauer adalah orang paling jenius di antara manusia... Ini adalah seluruh dunia dalam refleksi yang sangat indah dan terang."<ref>Tolstoy's letter to Afanasy Fet on 30 August 1869. "Do you know what this summer has meant for me? Constant raptures over Schopenhauer and a whole series of spiritual delights as I've never experienced before. I have brought all of his works and read him over and over, Kant too by the way. Assuredly no student has ever learned and discovered so much in one semester as I have during this summer. I do not know if I shall ever change my opinion, but at present I am convinced that Schopenhauer is the greatest genius among men. You say he is so-so, he has written a few things on philosophy? What is so-so? It is the whole world in an incomparably beautiful and clear reflection. I have started to translate him. Won't you help me? Indeed, I cannot understand how his name can be unknown. The only explanation for this can only be the one he so often repeats, that is, that there is scarcely anyone but idiots in the world."</ref>{{Butuh rujukan}} Lebih lanjut Tolstoy mengatakan bahwa apa yang ditulisnya dalam ''[[War and Peace]]'' juga diungkapkan Schopenhauer dalam ''The World as Will and Representation''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=Caleb|year=2009|title=Quietism from the Side of Happiness: Tolstoy, Schopenhauer, War and Peace|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/316432|journal=Common Knowledge|volume=15|issue=3|pages=395–411|doi=10.1215/0961754X-2009-020}}</ref>
Penulis [[Jorge Luis Borges]] mengatakan bahwa alasan dia tidak pernah menulis secara sistematis tentang pandangan dunianya, meskipun dia menyukai filsafat dan metafisika pada khususnya, adalah karena Schopenhauer telah menuliskan untuknya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Magee|first=Bryan|year=1997|title=Confessions of a Philosopher|page=413}}</ref> Tokoh-tokoh sastra lain yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh Schopenhauer antara lain [[Paul Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]], [[Thomas Hardy]], [[Afanasy Fet]], [[Joris-Karl Huysmans]], [[Hermann Hesse]],<ref>Punsly, Kathryn (2012). [https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1353&context=cmc_theses ''The Influence of Nietzsche and Schopenhauer on Hermann Hesse'']. CMC Senior Theses. Paper 347. Retrieved on 19 March 2021.</ref> [[Machado de Assis]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wicks, Robert|date=2011|title=Schopenhauer's The world as will and representation: a reader's guide|location=London|publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-0-8264-3181-3|oclc=721337622}}</ref> [[Marcel Proust]] dan [[George Santayana]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Caleb Flamm|first=Matthew|year=2002|title=Santayana and Schopenhauer|journal=Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society|volume=38|issue=3|pages=413–431|jstor=40320900|quote=A thinker of whom it is well known that Santayana had an early, deep admiration, namely, Schopenhauer}}</ref> Pada tahun-tahun terakhir [[Herman Melville]], ketika dia menulis ''Billy Budd'', dia membaca esai Schopenhauer dan menandainya dengan cermat. Akademisi Brian Yothers mencatat bahwa Melville "menandai banyak pernyataan misantropis dan bahkan bunuh diri, yang menunjukkan ketertarikannya pada bentuk kesendirian yang paling ekstrem, tetapi dia juga mencatat refleksi Schopenhauer tentang ambiguitas moral orang jenius."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yothers|first=Brian|date=2015|title=Sacred Uncertainty: Religious Difference and The Shape of Melville's Career|location=Evanston, Illinois|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-3071-5|page=13}}</ref> Ketertarikan Schopenhauer tentang agama Timur dan Barat secara bersamaan memberikan kesan pada Melville di tahun-tahun terakhirnya.
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