Demokrasi sosial: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Demokrasi sosial bermula dari ideologi politik yang menganjurkan transisi [[Reformisme|evolusioner]] dan damai dari kapitalisme menuju [[sosialisme]] melalui proses politik yang mapan, berkebalikan dengan transisi dengan [[Sosialisme revolusioner|pendekatan revolusioner]] yang diasosiasikan kepada [[Marxisme ortodoks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/social-democracy|title=Social democracy|publisher=''Encyclopædia Britannica''|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> Di awal era pasca-Perang Dunia II di Eropa Barat, partai demokrat sosial menolak model politik dan ekonomi [[Stalinisme|Stalinis]] yang ada di [[Uni Soviet]]. Mereka lebih memilih jalan alternatif menuju sosialisme atau dengan berkompromi antara kapitalisme dan sosialisme.{{sfn|Adams|1993|pp=102-103|ps=: "The emergence of social democracy was partly a result of the Cold War. People argued that if the Stalinist Soviet empire, where the state controlled everything, showed socialism in action, then socialism was not worth having. [...] The consensus policies of a mixed and managed economy and the welfare state, developed by the post-war Labour government, seemed in themselves to provide a basis for a viable socialism that would combine prosperity and freedom with social justice and the possibility of a full life for everyone. They could be seen as a compromise between socialism and capitalism."}} Dalam periode ini, demokrat sosial menganut [[ekonomi campuran]] berdasarkan pada dominasi [[kepemilikan pribadi]], dengan hanya sedikit layanan publik dan utilitas penting yang [[kepemilikan publik|dimiliki publik]]. Hasilnya, demokrasi sosial diidentikan dengan [[ekonomi Keynesian]], intervensionisme negara, dan negara kesejahteraan, ketika mengabaikan tujuan sebelumnya untuk menggantikan sistem kapitalis (pasar faktor, kepemilikan pribadi, dan buruh upahan){{sfn|Weisskopf|1992|p=10|ps=: "Thus social democrats do not try to do away with either the market or private property ownership; instead, they attempt to create conditions in which the operation of a capitalist market economy will lead to more egalitarian outcomes and encourage more democratic and more solidaristic practices than would a more conventional capitalist system."}} dengan [[sistem ekonomi]] sosialis yang berbeda secara kualitatif.<ref>{{harvnb|Miller|1998|p=827}}: "In the second, mainly post-war, phase, social democrats came to believe that their ideals and values could be achieved by reforming capitalism rather than abolishing it. They favored a mixed economy in which most industries would be privately owned, with only a small number of utilities and other essential services in public ownership."</ref>{{sfn|Jones|2001|p=1410|ps=: "In addition, particularly since World War II, distinctions have sometimes been made between social democrats and socialists on the basis that the former have accepted the permanence of the mixed economy and have abandoned the idea of replacing the capitalist system with a qualitatively different socialist society."}}{{sfn|Heywood|2012|pp=125–128|ps=: "As an ideological stance, social democracy took shape around the mid-twentieth century, resulting from the tendency among western socialist parties not only to adopt parliamentary strategies, but also to revise their socialist goals. In particular, they abandoned the goal of abolishing capitalism and sought instead to reform or ‘humanize’ it. Social democracy therefore came to stand for a broad balance between the market economy, on the one hand, and state intervention, on the other."}} Dengan meningkatnya popularitas [[neoliberalisme]] dan [[Kanan Baru]] pada 1980-an,<ref name="Lewis&Surender">Lewis, Jane; Surender, Rebecca (2004). ''Welfare State Change: Towards a Third Way?''. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4, 16.</ref> banyak partai demokrat sosial memasukkan ideologi [[Jalan Ketiga]],{{sfn|Whyman|2005|pp=1–5}} yang bertujuan untuk memadukan [[Liberalisme ekonomi|ekonomi liberal]] dengan kebijakan [[kesejahteraan]] demokrasi sosial.{{sfn|Whyman|2005|p=61}}{{sfn|Whyman|2005|p=215}} Pada 2010-an, Jalan Ketiga umumnya [[Demokrasi sosial#Penurunan di Eropa Barat (2010-sekarang)|tidak disukai]] dalam fenomena yang dikenal sebagai [[Pasokifikasi|PASOKifikasi]].<ref name="Barbieri">{{cite journal|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2017-04-25/death-and-life-social-democracy|title=The Death and Life of Social Democracy|last=Barbieri|first=Pierpaolo|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=25 April 2017|accessdate=20 October 2017}}</ref>