Liberalisme: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Kotak samping liberalisme}}
'''Liberalisme''' adalah sebuah [[ideologi politik]], pandangan filsafat [[filsafat politik|politik]] dan [[etika|moral]] yang didasarkan pada [[kebebasan]], [[Persetujuan dari yang terperintah|persetujuan dari yang diperintah]] dan [[persamaan di hadapan hukum]].<ref>"liberalism In general, the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximize freedom of choice." ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics'', Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Third edition 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-19-920516-5}}.</ref><ref name="wpt2">"political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and [...] individualism". John Dunn. ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'' (1993). Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-43755-4}}.</ref><ref>"With a nod to Robert Trivers' definition of altruistic behaviour" ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Trivers|1971}}), Satoshi Kanazawa defines liberalism (as opposed to conservatism) as "the genuine concern for the welfare of genetically unrelated others and the willingness to contribute larger proportions of private resources for the welfare of such others" ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Kanazawa|2010}}).</ref> Orang-orang liberal mendukung beragam pandangan tergantung kepada pemahaman mereka tentang prinsip-prinsip ini, tetapi umumnya mereka mendukung hak-hak individu (termasuk [[Hak sipil dan politik|hak-hak sipil]] dan [[hak asasi manusia]]), [[demokrasi]], [[sekularisme]], [[kebebasan berbicara]], [[kebebasan pers]], [[kebebasan beragama]] dan [[ekonomi pasar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Adams|first=Sean|last2=Morioka|first2=Noreen|last3=Stone|first3=Terry Lee|date=2006|url=https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86|title=Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design|location=Gloucester, Mass.|publisher=Rockport Publishers|isbn=1-59253-192-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86 86]|oclc=60393965}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Rohit Vishal|last2=Joshi|first2=Radhika|date=October–December 2006|title=Colour, Colour Everywhere: In Marketing Too|journal=SCMS Journal of Indian Management|volume=3|issue=4|pages=40–46|issn=0973-3167|ssrn=969272}}</ref><ref>Cassel-Picot, Muriel "The Liberal Democrats and the Green Cause: From Yellow to Green" in Leydier, Gilles and Martin, Alexia (2013) ''Environmental Issues in Political Discourse in Britain and Ireland''. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=fFgxBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false p.105]. {{ISBN|9781443852838}}</ref>▼
▲hukum]].<ref>"liberalism In general, the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximize freedom of choice." ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics'', Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Third edition 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-19-920516-5}}.</ref><ref name="wpt2">"political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and [...] individualism". John Dunn. ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'' (1993). Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-43755-4}}.</ref><ref>"With a nod to Robert Trivers' definition of altruistic behaviour" ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Trivers|1971}}), Satoshi Kanazawa defines liberalism (as opposed to conservatism) as "the genuine concern for the welfare of genetically unrelated others and the willingness to contribute larger proportions of private resources for the welfare of such others" ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Kanazawa|2010}}).</ref> Orang-orang liberal mendukung beragam pandangan tergantung kepada pemahaman mereka tentang prinsip-prinsip ini, tetapi umumnya mereka mendukung hak-hak individu (termasuk [[Hak sipil dan politik|hak-hak sipil]] dan [[hak asasi manusia]]), [[demokrasi]], [[sekularisme]], [[kebebasan berbicara]], [[kebebasan pers]], [[kebebasan beragama]] dan [[ekonomi pasar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Adams|first=Sean|last2=Morioka|first2=Noreen|last3=Stone|first3=Terry Lee|date=2006|url=https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86|title=Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design|location=Gloucester, Mass.|publisher=Rockport Publishers|isbn=1-59253-192-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/colordesignworkb0000ston/page/86 86]|oclc=60393965}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Rohit Vishal|last2=Joshi|first2=Radhika|date=October–December 2006|title=Colour, Colour Everywhere: In Marketing Too|journal=SCMS Journal of Indian Management|volume=3|issue=4|pages=40–46|issn=0973-3167|ssrn=969272}}</ref><ref>Cassel-Picot, Muriel "The Liberal Democrats and the Green Cause: From Yellow to Green" in Leydier, Gilles and Martin, Alexia (2013) ''Environmental Issues in Political Discourse in Britain and Ireland''. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=fFgxBwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false p.105]. {{ISBN|9781443852838}}</ref>
Liberalisme menjadi salah satu [[Gerakan politik|gerakan]] utama di [[Abad Pencerahan|Zaman Pencerahan]] dan menjadi populer di kalangan filsuf dan ekonom [[Dunia Barat|Barat]]. Liberalisme berusaha untuk menggantikan [[Norma sosial|norma-norma]] [[Bangsawan|hak istimewa turun-temurun]], [[agama negara]], [[Kerajaan mutlak|monarki absolut]], [[Hak ilahi raja-raja|hak ilahi raja]] dan [[Konservatisme tradisionalis|konservatisme tradisional]] dengan [[demokrasi perwakilan]] dan [[Rule of law|supremasi hukum]]. Para liberal juga mengakhiri kebijakan [[Merkantilisme|merkantilis]], [[Monopoli hukum|monopoli kerajaan]] dan [[hambatan perdagangan]] lainnya. Ini dimaksudkan untuk mempromosikan perdagangan bebas dan marketisasi.<ref name="Gould, p. 32">Gould, p. 3.</ref> Filsuf [[John Locke]] sering dianggap sebagai pendiri liberalisme, sebuah tradisi yang didasarkan [[kontrak sosial]], dengan alasan bahwa setiap orang memiliki [[Hak kodrati dan hak ikhtiyari|hak alami]] untuk hidup, atas kebebasan dan properti dan pemerintah tidak boleh melanggar hak-hak ini.<ref>"All mankind [...] being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions", John Locke, ''Second Treatise of Government''</ref> Jika [[Liberalisme Gladstone|tradisi liberal Inggris]] menekankan perluasan demokrasi, liberalisme Prancis menekankan penolakan [[otoritarianisme]] dan terkait dengan [[Nasionalisme|pembangunan bangsa]].<ref name="Kirchner, p. 32">Kirchner, p. 3.</ref>
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