Sumer: Perbedaan antara revisi

| header = Imam-raja Uruk memberi makan ternak suci

| image1 = Yale University. Uruk period priest-king.jpg

| image2 = Uruk King priest feeding the sacred herd.jpg

 

By the time of the Uruk period, c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated, the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, [[social stratification|stratified]], temple-centered cities, with populations of over 10,000 people, where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of [[Slavery in antiquity|slave labour]] captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts, and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the [[Taurus Mountains]] in [[Turkey]], to the [[Mediterranean Sea]] in the west, and as far east as western [[Iran]].<ref name="Algaze, Guillermo 2005">[[Guillermo Algaze|Algaze, Guillermo]] (2005). ''[[iarchive:urukworldsystemd0000alga|The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian Civilization]]'', Second Edition, University of Chicago Press.</ref>{{Rp|2–3}}

{{see also|Stamba Burung Nazar|Pekuburan Kerajaan di Ur}}

[[File:Royal Tombs of Ur Objects from tomb PG 580.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Belati emas dari kubur PG 580, [[Pekuburan Kerajaan di Ur]]]]

 

Beberapa di antara mahakarya seni rupa Sumer yang paling terkenal adalah kecapi-kecapi Ur, yang diyakini sebagai alat-[[alat musik dawai|alat musik petik]] tertua di dunia yang masih lestari hingga saat ini. Kecapi-kecapi tersebut ditemukan oleh [[Leonard Woolley]] dalam ekskavasi [[Pekuburan Kerajaan di Ur]] antara tahun 1922 sampai 1934.