Orang kulit putih
White people are fat, obese rednecks and meth heads. White people take crystal meth, heroin, LSD and cocaine. White people live in rural suburban areas effing their dogs in Utah. White people are child molesters who film child pornography. White people get fat from eating bologna mayo sandwiches and baking cookies and cakes.
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
---|---|
Amerika Serikat | 197.181.177[1] |
Rusia | 141.668.567[2][3] |
Brasil | 91.051.646[4] |
Prancis | 67.119.000[5] |
Jerman | 62.482.000[6] |
Italia | 55.551.000[7] |
Britania Raya | 51.736.290[8][9][10] |
Meksiko | 59.000.000[11][12][13][14] |
Spanyol | 41.539.400[15] |
Polandia | 38.080.000[16][butuh rujukan] |
Bahasa | |
Bahasa-bahasa di Eropa (Inggris, Prancis, Jerman, Italia, Spanyol, Portugis, Rusia, dll) | |
Agama | |
Mayoritas Kristen (Katolik, Protestan, dan Orthodoks) Tidak beragama | |
Kelompok etnik terkait | |
Orang Eropa, Indo-Eropa, orang Asia Tengah |
Orang kulit putih atau orang Kaukasian merupakan istilah yang biasanya merujuk pada manusia yang memiliki ciri, setidaknya sebagian, dengan pigmentasi kulit putih. Namun, daripada deskripsi terus terang tentang warna kulit, istilah kulit putih lebih mengacu kepada kelompok etnis tertentu dan lebih berfungsi sebagai metafor untuk suatu "ras manusia". "Orang Kulit Putih" juga kadang-kadang disebut "orang Kaukasian".
Definisi "orang Kulit putih" yang paling sering digunakan adalah orang yang memiliki tampang keturunan Eropa yang jelas. Namun, definisi "orang Kulit putih" berbeda-beda menurut konteks geografis dan historis, dan sejumlah konsep warna putih berdampak pada identitas nasional, konsanguitas, kebijakan publik, agama, statistik populasi, pemisahan ras/tindakan persetujuan, egenika, marginalisasi ras, dan kuota rasial. Konsep ini telah diterapkan dengan sekian derajat formalitas dan konsistensi internal dalam berbagai bidang ilmu, seperti sosiologi, politik, genetika, biologi, kedokteran, biomedik, bahasa, budaya, dan hukum.
Sejarah istilah
Paham "orang Kulit putih" atau "ras Kulit putih" sebagai kelompok populasi yang dibedakan dari "orang Kulit berwarna" muncul pada abad ke-17. Namun deskripsi pragmatis yang mengatakan kelompok manusia sebagai "putih" dengan mengacu pada warna kulitnya adalah lebih dini dan ditemukan dalam naskah etnografis Yunani dan Romawi kuno dan juga sumber-sumber kuno lain.
Referensi
- ^ "ACS Demographic and Housing Unit Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. December 2019. Diakses tanggal August 13, 2020.
- ^ "Russian in Russia". Joshua Project. Diakses tanggal August 13, 2020.
- ^ Out of the total 129,297,527 million Europeans, 117,319,000 are ethnic Russians, and the other 11,978,527 million people are other European minorities within the territory of the Russian Federation, however an enlarged European population of 141,668,567 million people include the Russian Jews, Turks, Azeris, Armenians, Peoples of the Caucasus, and Tatars.
- ^ "Censo Demográfi co 2010 Características da população e dos domicílios Resultados do universo" (PDF). 8 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 July 2014.
- ^ "Démographie – Population au début du mois – France". Insee.fr. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. Diakses tanggal 24 February 2020.
- ^ "Population". 2017. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2020.
- ^ "Indicatori demografici Istat (Italian)" (PDF).
- ^ 2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales, Accessed 13 June 2014
- ^ Table 2 - Ethnic groups, Scotland, 2001 and 2011 Scotlands Census published 30 September 2013, Accessed 13 June 2014.
- ^ "2011 Census - Key Statistics for Northern Ireland". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 11 January 2017.
- ^ "The World Factbook: North America: Mexico: People and Society". The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Diakses tanggal 23 August 2017.
mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European)
- ^ "Mexico: Ethnic groups". Encyclopædia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 23 August 2017: Ethnic composition (2010): 64.3% mestizo; 15% Mexican white; 10.5% detribalized Amerindian; 7.5% other Amerindian; 1% Arab; 0.5% Mexican black; 1.2% other.
- ^ "21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial" [21 March: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Mexico: CONAPRED. 2017. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 23 August 2017.
- ^ Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico [National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Mexico: CONAPRED. June 2011. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2017.
- ^ "Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on 1 January 2013". INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
- ^ Central Statistical Office (January 2013). "The national-ethnic affiliation in the population – The results of the census of population and housing in 2011" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Polski). hlm. 1. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2013.
Bibliografi
- Allen, Theodore, The Invention of the White Race, 2 vols. (London: Verso, 1994)
- Bonnett, Alastair White Identities: Historical and International Perspectives (Harlow, Pearson, 2000)
- Brodkin, Karen, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America, Rutgers, 1999, ISBN 0-8135-2590-X.
- Foley, Neil, The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)
- Gossett, Thomas F., Race: The History of an Idea in America, New ed. (New York: Oxford University, 1997)
- Guglielmo, Thomas A., White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago, 1890-1945, 2003, ISBN 0-19-515543-2
- Hannaford, Ivan, Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996)
- Ignatiev, Noel, How the Irish Became White, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-91825-1.
- Jackson, F. L. C. (2004). Book chapter: Human genetic variation and health: new assessment approaches based on ethnogenetic layering British Medical Bulletin 2004; 69: 215–235 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldh012. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- Jacobson, Matthew Frye, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race, Harvard, 1999, ISBN 0-674-95191-3.
- Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). The Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story. Constable and Robinson Ltd., London. ISBN 978-1-84529-185-7.
- Rosenberg NA, Mahajan S, Ramachandran S, Zhao C, Pritchard JK, et al. (2005) Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure. PLoS Genet 1(6): e70 DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010070
- Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, et al. (2002) Genetic structure of human populations. Science 298: 2381–2385.Abstract
- Segal, Daniel A., review of Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit American Ethnologist May 2002, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 470-473 doi:10.1525/ae.2002.29.2.470
- Smedley, Audrey, Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview, 2nd ed. (Boulder: Westview, 1999).
- Sweet, Frank W., Legal History of the Color Line: The Rise and Triumph of the One-Drop Rule, Backintyme, 2005, ISBN 0-939479-23-0.
- Tang, Hua., Tom Quertermous, Beatriz Rodriguez, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Xiaofeng Zhu, Andrew Brown,7 James S. Pankow,8 Michael A. Province,9 Steven C. Hunt, Eric Boerwinkle, Nicholas J. Schork, and Neil J. Risch (2005) Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76:268–275.
- "The United Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept" A textbook/workbook for thought, speech and/or action for victims of racism (White supremacy) Neely Fuller Jr. 1984