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Unix
Evolution of Unix and Unix-like systems
Perusahaan / pengembangKen Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs
Diprogram dalamC
KeluargaUnix
Status terkiniCurrent
Model sumberHistorically closed source, now some Unix projects (BSD family and Illumos) are open sourced.
Rilis perdana1969; 55 tahun lalu (1969)
Ketersediaan bahasaEnglish
Kernel typeMonolithic
Antarmuka bawaanCommand-line interface & Graphical (X Window System)
LisensiProprietary
Situs web resmiunix.org

Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix in small caps) is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, Michael Lesk and Joe Ossanna.[1] The Unix operating system was first developed in assembly language, but by 1973 had been almost entirely recoded in C, greatly facilitating its further development and porting to other hardware. Today's Unix system evolution is split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors, universities (such as University of California, Berkeley's BSD), and non-profit organizations.

The Open Group, an industry standards consortium, owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark; others might be called Unix system-like or Unix-like, although the Open Group disapproves[2] of this term. However, the term Unix is often used informally to denote any operating system that closely resembles the trademarked system.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large-scale adoption of Unix (particularly of the BSD variant, originating from the University of California, Berkeley) by commercial startups, the most notable of which are Solaris, HP-UX, Sequent, and AIX, as well as Darwin, which forms the core set of components upon which Apple's OS X, Apple TV, and iOS are based.[3][4] Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, Unix-like operating systems such as MINIX, Linux, and BSD descendants (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and DragonFly BSD) are commonly encountered. The term traditional Unix may be used to describe an operating system that has the characteristics of either Version 7 Unix or UNIX System V."

  1. ^ Ritchie, D.M. (July 1978). "The UNIX Time-Sharing System" (PDF). Bell System Tech. J. USA: American Tel. & Tel. 57 (6): 1905–1929. Diakses tanggal December 9, 2012. 
  2. ^ What is a "Unix-like" operating system? Unix.org FAQ
  3. ^ "Operating system market share". Marketshare.hitslink.com. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-22. 
  4. ^ "Loading". Developer.apple.com. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-22.