Daftar bintang terbesar
Daftar ini belum tentu lengkap. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |
Di bawah ini adalah daftar bintang terbesar yang diketahui saat ini, diurutkan berdasarkan radius. Satuan pengukuran yang digunakan adalah jari-jari Matahari (kira-kira 695.700 km; 432.288 mi).
Ketidakpastian besar tetap ada pada keanggotaan dan urutan daftar, terutama ketika mendapatkan berbagai parameter yang digunakan dalam penghitungan, seperti bintang luminositas dan suhu efektif. Seringkali jari-jari bintang hanya dapat dinyatakan sebagai rata-rata atau dalam rentang nilai yang besar. Nilai untuk radius bintang sangat bervariasi di berbagai sumber dan untuk metode observasi yang berbeda.
Diameter sudut banyak bintang dapat diukur secara langsung menggunakan interferometri bintang. Metode lain dapat menggunakan okultasi bulan atau dari biner gerhana, yang dapat digunakan untuk menguji metode tidak langsung untuk menemukan jari-jari bintang. Hanya beberapa bintang supergiant berguna yang dapat disembunyikan oleh Bulan, termasuk Antares A (Alpha Scorpii A). Contoh biner gerhana adalah Epsilon Aurigae (Almaaz), VV Cephei, dan V766 Centauri (HR 5171). Pengukuran diameter sudut bisa jadi tidak konsisten karena batas atmosfer yang sangat tipis (opasitas) berbeda-beda bergantung pada panjang gelombang cahaya di mana bintang diamati.
Daftar
Nama | Ukuran dalam satuan Radii Matahari
(Matahari = 1) |
Keterangan |
---|---|---|
Stephenson 2-18 | 2.150[1] | Bintang terbesar di jagat raya (sebelumnya UY Scuti) |
WOH G64 | 1.540[2] | |
KY Cygni | 1.420[3] | |
VY Canis Majoris | 1.420[4][5] | |
Mu Cephei | 1.259[6] – 1.420[3] | |
S Persei | 1.212[7] – 1.364[8] | |
V354 Cephei | 1.139[9] | |
V766 Centauri Aa | 1.060 — 1.160[10] | |
MY Cephei | 1.134[11] | |
VV Cephei A | 1.050[12]–1.900[13] | |
KW Sagittarii | 1.009 ± 142[14] | |
Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis) | 950–1.000[15] atau 880–988[16] | bintang paling terang ke-10 di langit malam. |
RW Cephei | 900–1760[17] | |
UY Scuti | 755 | |
Antares (Alpha Scorpii) | 680[18] | bintang paling terang ke-15 di langit malam. |
S Pegasi | 580[19] | |
T Cephei | 540[20] | |
S Orionis | 530[21] | |
W Hydrae | 520[22] | |
R Cassiopeiae | 500[23] | |
V382 Carinae | 485[24] | Hypergiant paling terang di langit. |
Chi Cygni | 470[25] | |
V838 Monocerotis | 467[26] | |
Rho Cassiopeiae | 450 | |
Mira A (Omicron Ceti) | 400[27] | |
V509 Cassiopeiae | 400[28]–900[29] | |
S Doradus | 100–380[30] | |
HR Carinae | 350 | |
R Doradus | 298 ± 21[31] | |
Alpha Herculis (Ras Algethi) | 284 ± 60[32] | |
Eta Carinae | 240[33] (60 – 881)[34] | |
La Superba (Y Canum Venaticorum) | 225 | |
Delta Canis Majoris (Wezen) | 215±66[35] | bintang paling terang ke-36 di langit malam. |
Epsilon Pegasi (Enif) | 211[36] | |
Deneb (Alpha Cygni) | 203 ± 17[37] | bintang paling terang ke-19 di langit malam. |
Zeta Aurigae | 200[38] | |
Epsilon Aurigae A | 143 – 358[39] | |
Epsilon Carinae | 153 | |
LBV 1806-20 | 150 | |
Gamma Crucis (Gacrux) | 113[40] | |
Gamma Andromedae | 80 | |
Rigel (Beta Orionis) | 78.9[41] | Bintang paling terang ke-7 di langit malam. |
Alpha Leporis (Arneb) | 75 | |
Canopus (Alpha Carinae) | 73.3[42] | bintang paling terang ke-2 di langit malam. |
Alpha Persei (Mirfak) | 68[43] | bintang paling terang ke-35 di langit malam. |
Albireo (Beta Cygni Aa) | 62[44] | |
Zeta Geminorum (Mekbuda) | 65.24[45] | |
Alpha Hydrae (Alphard) | 50.5[46] | |
Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri) | 43[47] | Bintang paling terang ke-14 di langit malam. |
Beta Ursae Minoris (Kochab) | 41 | |
Polaris | 37.5[48] | |
Arcturus | 25.4[49] | Bintang paling terang ke-4 di langit malam. |
Zeta Orionis (Alnitak) | 20 | bintang paling terang ke-32 di langit malam. |
Mintaka (Delta Orionis) | 16.5[50] | |
Zeta Puppis (Naos) | 14 – 26[51] | |
Pollux | 9.06[52] | Bintang paling terang ke-17 di langit malam. |
Lihat pula
Referensi
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamathomas
- ^ E. M. Levesque. "WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?". Astronomical Journal. Diakses tanggal 2010-07 16.
- ^ a b Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (2005-08). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, But Not As Cool As We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. doi:10.1086/430901. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Wittkowski, M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Torres, B. Arroyo; Marcaide, J. M. (2012-04). "Fundamental properties and atmospheric structure of the red supergiant VY CMa based on VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: L12. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219126. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Gordon, Michael S.; Jones, Terry J.; Humphreys, Roberta M.; Ertel, Steve; Hinz, Philip M.; Hoffmann, William F. (2019-01-18). "Thermal Emission in the Southwest Clump of VY CMa". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (2): 57. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf5cb. ISSN 1538-3881.
- ^ Josselin, E.; Plez, B. (2007-07). "Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 469 (2): 671–680. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Thompson, R. R.; Creech-Eakman, M. J. (2003-12-01). "Interferometric observations of the supergiant S Persei: Evidence for axial symmetry and the warm molecular layer". 203: 49.07.
- ^ Norris, Ryan P. (2019). "Seeing Stars Like Never Before: A Long-term Interferometric Imaging Survey of Red Supergiants" (PDF). Georgia State University.
- ^ Verhoelst, T.; Zypen, N. Van der; Hony, S.; Decin, L.; Cami, J.; Eriksson, K. (2009-04-01). "The dust condensation sequence in red supergiant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 498 (1): 127–138. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/20079063. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ van Genderen, A. M.; Lobel, A.; Nieuwenhuijzen, H.; Henry, G. W.; de Jager, C.; Blown, E.; Di Scala, G.; van Ballegoij, E. J. (2019-11). "Pulsations, eruptions, and evolution of four yellow hypergiants". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 631: A48. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834358. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Beasor, Emma R.; Davies, Ben (2018-03-01). "The evolution of red supergiant mass-loss rates". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475: 55–62. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3174. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Habets, G. M. H. J.; Heintze, J. R. W. (1981). "Empirical bolometric corrections for the main-sequence". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 46: 193–237. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-14. Page 225 "Table IV" #178
- ^ Professor James B. (Jim) Kaler. "VV CEP (VV Cephei)". University of Illinois. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-01. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-15.
- ^ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H. (2013-06). "The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Sco, UY Sct and KW Sgr". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 554: A76. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ A NEW VLA-HIPPARCOS DISTANCE TO BETELGEUSE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS. Graham M. Harper et al 2008 The Astronomical Journal 135 1430-1440 doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1430 [1][pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ Jim Kaler. 2009-06-26. Betelgeuse Diarsipkan 2008-12-16 di Wayback Machine. "0.047 seconds of arc, from which we find a true radius of between 4.1 (compromise distance) and 4.6 (larger distance) AU, … extended atmosphere, and the pulsations make it difficult to locate an actual "surface" to tell just how large the star actually is. … "size" of the star depends on the color of observation. Long-wave infrared … up to 5 AU and greater, … shorter-wave infrared … 3 AU. … Betelgeuse to be shrinking … not even round, but somewhat oval"
- ^ Anugu, Narsireddy; Baron, Fabien; Gies, Douglas R.; Lanthermann, Cyprien; Schaefer, Gail H.; Shepard, Katherine A.; Brummelaar, Theo ten; Monnier, John D.; Kraus, Stefan (2023-07). "The Great Dimming of the Hypergiant Star RW Cephei: CHARA Array Images and Spectral Analysis". The Astronomical Journal (dalam bahasa Inggris). 166 (2): 78. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ace59d. ISSN 1538-3881.
- ^ Ohnaka, Keiichi; Hofmann, Karl-Heinz; Schertl, Dieter; Weigelt, Gerd; Baffa, Carlo; Chelli, Alain; Petrov, Romain; Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie (2013-07). "High spectral resolution imaging of the dynamical atmosphere of the red supergiant Antares in the CO first overtone lines with VLTI/AMBER". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 555: A24. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321063. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/224/cadars&recno=10781
- ^ http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/224/cadars&recno=9837
- ^ http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/224/cadars&recno=2512
- ^ http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/224/cadars&recno=6127
- ^ http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/224/cadars&recno=10947
- ^ Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2020-03). "Analysing the spectral energy distributions of Galactic classical Cepheids". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 635: A33. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937060. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=II/224/cadars&recno=9107
- ^ Kamiński, Tomek; Tylenda, Romuald; Kiljan, Aleksandra; Schmidt, Mirek; Lisiecki, Krzysztof; Melis, Carl; Frankowski, Adam; Joshi, Vishal; Menten, Karl M. (2021-11-01). "V838 Monocerotis as seen by ALMA: A remnant of a binary merger in a triple system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 655: A32. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141526. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ http://www.eso.org/~mwittkow/publications/conferences/SPIECWo5491199.pdf
- ^ [2]
- ^ Nugent, Richard. "The Garnet Star". weblore.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-19. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-04.
DIAM .. m Cep 1224 ... V509 CAS 910 ... V382 CAR 747
- ^ Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. (February 6–10, 1995). "Observations and Interpretation of Luminous Blue Variables". Cape Town, South Africa: Astronomical Society of the Pacific: 176–191. Bibcode:1995ASPC...83..176L. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-25.
- ^ Ohnaka, Keiichi; Weigelt, Gerd; Hofmann, Karl-Heinz (2019-09-01). "Infrared Interferometric Three-dimensional Diagnosis of the Atmospheric Dynamics of the AGB Star R Dor with VLTI/AMBER". The Astrophysical Journal. 883: 89. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3d2a. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Khosroshahi, Habib G.; Wasatonic, Rick (2013-11-01). "The Age and The Mass of The \alpha Herculis Triple-Star System From A MESA Grid of rotating stars with 1.3". The Astronomical Journal. 146 (6): 148. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/6/148. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Gull, Theodore R.; Damineli, Augusto (2009-11). "Eta Carinae in the Context of the Most Massive Stars". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 5 (H15): 373–398. doi:10.1017/S1743921310009890. ISSN 1743-9213.
- ^ Hillier, D. John; Davidson, K.; Ishibashi, K.; Gull, T. (2001-06-01). "On the Nature of the Central Source in η Carinae". The Astrophysical Journal. 553: 837–860. doi:10.1086/320948. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Davis J, Booth AJ, Ireland MJ, Jacob AP, North JR, Owens SM, Robertson JG, Tango WJ, Tuthill PG, J.; Booth, A. J.; Ireland, M. J.; Jacob, A. P.; North, J. R.; Owens, S. M.; Robertson, J. G.; Tango, W. J.; Tuthill, P. G. (2007). "The Emergent Flux and Effective Temperature of Delta Canis Majoris". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 24: 151. doi:10.1071/AS07017. Diakses tanggal 28 May 2010.
- ^ Stock, S.; Reffert, S.; Quirrenbach, A. (2018-05-01). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Stellar parameters of 372 giant stars (Stock+, 2018)". VizieR Online Data Catalog: J/A+A/616/A33. doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36160033.
- ^ Schiller, Florian; Przybilla, Norbert (2008-03). "Quantitative spectroscopy of Deneb". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 479 (3): 849–858. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078590. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-21. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-07.
- ^ Kloppenborg, Brian; Stencel, Robert; Monnier, John D.; Schaefer, Gail; Baron, Fabien; Tycner, Chris; Zavala, Robert T.; Hutter, Donald; Zhao, Ming (2015-09-21). "Interferometry of $\epsilon$ Aurigae: Characterization of the asymmetric eclipsing disk". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 220 (1): 14. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/220/1/14. ISSN 1538-4365.
- ^ Gamma Crucis by Jim Kaler]
- ^ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Shultz, Matt; Williamson, Michael H.; Moya, Andres (2012-03-10). "Asteroseismology of the Nearby SN-II Progenitor: Rigel Part I. The MOST High Precision Photometry and Radial Velocity Monitoring". The Astrophysical Journal. 747 (2): 108. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/108. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ de Souza, A. Domiciano; Zorec, J.; Millour, F.; Bouquin, J.-B. Le; Spang, A.; Vakili, F. (2021-10). "Refined fundamental parameters of Canopus from combined near-IR interferometry and spectral energy distribution". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 654: A19. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140478. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Nordgren, Tyler E.; Germain, M. E.; Benson, J. A.; Mozurkewich, D.; Sudol, J. J.; Elias, N. M., II; Hajian, Arsen R.; White, N. M.; Hutter, D. J. (1999-12-01). "Stellar Angular Diameters of Late-Type Giants and Supergiants Measured with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer". The Astronomical Journal. 118: 3032–3038. doi:10.1086/301114. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Drimmel, Ronald; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Schroeder, Klaus-Peter; Bastian, Ulrich; Pinamonti, Matteo; Jack, Dennis; Huerta, Missael A. Hernandez (2021-01-28). "A celestial matryoshka: Dynamical and spectroscopic analysis of the Albireo system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 502 (1): 328–350. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa4038. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2007-11-01). "The projection factor, period-radius relation, and surface-brightness colour relation in classical cepheids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474: 975–981. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078225. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ da Silva, L.; Girardi, L.; Pasquini, L.; Setiawan, J.; von der Luhe, O.; de Medeiros, J. R.; Hatzes, A.; Dollinger, M. P.; Weiss, A. (2006-11). "Basic physical parameters of a selected sample of evolved stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 458 (2): 609–623. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065105. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005astro.ph..2181R
- ^ Fadeyev, Yu A. (2015-05-01). "Evolutionary status of Polaris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (1): 1011–1017. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv412. ISSN 1365-2966.
- ^ Ramirez, I.; Prieto, C. Allende (2011-12-20). "Fundamental Parameters and Chemical Composition of Arcturus". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (2): 135. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/135. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Shenar, T.; Oskinova, L.; Hamann, W. -R.; Corcoran, M. F.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Pablo, H.; Richardson, N. D.; Waldron, W. L.; Huenemoerder, D. P. (2015-08-01). "A Coordinated X-Ray and Optical Campaign of the Nearest Massive Eclipsing Binary, δ Orionis Aa. IV. A Multiwavelength, Non-LTE Spectroscopic Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 809: 135. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/135. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Schilbach, E.; Röser, S. (2008-10-01). "On the origin of field O-type stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 489: 105–114. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809936. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Baines, Ellyn K.; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Zavala, R. T.; Benson, James A.; Hutter, Donald J.; Tycner, Christopher; van Belle, Gerard T. (2017-12-20). "Fundamental Parameters of 87 Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1): 30. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9d8b. ISSN 1538-3881.
Pranala luar
- Giant Stars An interactive website comparing the Earth and the Sun to some of the largest known stars
- Lowell Observatory Astronomers Identify Largest Stars Known Diarsipkan 2005-01-19 di Wayback Machine.
- BBC News Three largest stars identified
- Star Size comparison movie
- Google Video Planets and stars drawn to scale Diarsipkan 2009-01-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Universe Today What is the Biggest Star in the Universe?