Medan vulkanik

Medan vulkanik adalah area kerak bumi yang rentan terhadap aktivitas vulkanik lokal. Jenis dan jumlah gunung berapi yang dibutuhkan untuk disebut "medan" tidak terdefinisi dengan baik.^[1] Bidang vulkanik biasanya terdiri dari kelompok hingga 100 gunung berapi seperti kerucut bara. Aliran lahar juga dapat terjadi. Mereka dapat terjadi sebagai medan vulkanik monogenetik atau medan vulkanik poligenetik.

Deskripsi

Alexander von Humboldt mengamati pada tahun 1823 bahwa gunung berapi muda secara geologis tidak terdistribusi secara merata di seluruh permukaan bumi, tetapi cenderung mengelompok ke wilayah tertentu. Gunung berapi muda jarang ditemukan di dalam kraton, tetapi merupakan karakteristik zona subduksi, zona keretakan, atau di cekungan samudra. Gunung berapi intraplate terkelompok di sepanjang jejak titik panas.^[2]

Di dalam wilayah aktivitas vulkanik, medan vulkanik adalah kumpulan gunung berapi yang memiliki sumber magma yang sama.^[3] Kerucut bara sangat rentan untuk berkelompok menjadi bidang vulkanik, yang biasanya berdiameter 30–80 kilometer (19–50 mi) dan terdiri dari beberapa puluh hingga beberapa ratus kerucut individu. Sabuk Vulkanik Trans-Meksiko yang luar biasa besar memiliki hampir 1.000 kerucut yang meliputi area seluas 60.000 kilometer persegi (23.000 sq mi).^[4]

Contoh

Medan Karapınar di Turki

Kawah SP di medan vulkanik San Francisco adalah kerucut cinder dengan aliran lava basal yang memanjang sejauh 4 mil (6 km).

Kawah El Muweilih di Sudan dengan tanah liat kaya natron di dasar kawah

Kanada

Medan Vulkanik Atlin, British Columbia
Medan Lava Desolation, British Columbia
Medan vulkanik Danau Garibaldi, British Columbia
Medan vulkanik Gunung Cayley, British Columbia
Medan Vulkanik Tuya, British Columbia
Medan vulkanik Wells Gray-Clearwater, British Columbia
Medan Vulkanik Wrangell, Yukon

Meksiko

Amerika Serikat

Medan Lava Boring, Oregon
Medan vulkanik Colorado Tengah, Colorado
Medan vulkanik Danau Clear, California
Medan Vulkanik Coso, California
Indian Heaven, Washington
Pegunungan Jemez, New Mexico
Medan Vulkanik Latir, New Mexico
Medan Vulkanik Marysvale, Utah
Medan vulkanik Raton-Clayton, New Mexico
Medan vulkanik San Bernardino, Arizona
Medan vulkanik San Francisco, Arizona
Medan vulkanik San Juan, Colorado
Medan vulkanik Dataran Tinggi Taos, Taos County, New Mexico
Medan Vulkanik Trans-Pecos, Texas
Medan Vulkanik Wrangell, Alaska

Lainnya

Medan vulkanik Aguas Zarcas, Alajuela, Kosta Rica
Antofagasta de la Sierra, Provinsi Catamarca, Argentina
Medan vulkanik Auckland, Pulau Utara, Selandia Baru
Medan vulkanik Bayuda, Sudan
Medan vulkanik Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia
Provinsi Vulkanik Skåne Tengah, Swedia
Chaîne des Puys, Auvergne, Prancis
Cu-Lao Re Group, Vietnam
Haruj, Fezzan, Libya
Medan vulkanik In Teria, Aljazair
Medan vulkanik Laguna, Filipina
Medan vulkanik Manzaz, Aljazair
Medan vulkanik Meidob, Sudan
Nemours-Nedroma, Aljazair
Provinsi Vulkanik Baru, Australia
Medan vulkanik Oujda, Maroko
Medan vulkanik Oulmés, Maroko
Medan vulkanik Rekkame, Maroko
Medan vulkanik Todra, Niger
Vulkan Eifel, Jerman
Pulau Jeju, Korea Selatan

Referensi

^ Canon-Tapia, E (December 2017). "From 'Volcanic Field' to 'Volcanic Province': A Continuum of Spatial-Clustered Structures With Geological Significance or a Matter of Academic Snobbism?". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2017, Abstract #V54A-01. 2017. Bibcode:2017AGUFM.V54A..01C. 'Volcanic Field' is a term commonly used to describe a group of small, monogenetic and dominantly basaltic volcanoes, but that often includes groups of mixed monogenetic and polygenetic edifices. Besides ambiguities on the type of edifice that should be considered to form a VF, there is a lack of agreement concerning the number of volcanoes required to define a VF (ranging from five to over 1000), it is uncertain if the area covered by the volcanoes forming a VF must have a minimum number of volcanoes/unit area, or if the distance between adjacent structures needs to have a specific length. Furthermore, in many cases it is uncertain whether some area is occupied by two adjacent fields or if it is occupied by two subgroups belonging to a unique field.
^ Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich (2003). Volcanism. Berlin: Springer. hlm. 17–19. ISBN 9783540436508.
^ "Volcanic Fields". Capulin Volcano. National Park Service. Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2020.
^ Schmincke 2003, p.100

[1] Canon-Tapia, E (December 2017). "From 'Volcanic Field' to 'Volcanic Province': A Continuum of Spatial-Clustered Structures With Geological Significance or a Matter of Academic Snobbism?". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2017, Abstract #V54A-01. 2017. Bibcode:2017AGUFM.V54A..01C. 'Volcanic Field' is a term commonly used to describe a group of small, monogenetic and dominantly basaltic volcanoes, but that often includes groups of mixed monogenetic and polygenetic edifices. Besides ambiguities on the type of edifice that should be considered to form a VF, there is a lack of agreement concerning the number of volcanoes required to define a VF (ranging from five to over 1000), it is uncertain if the area covered by the volcanoes forming a VF must have a minimum number of volcanoes/unit area, or if the distance between adjacent structures needs to have a specific length. Furthermore, in many cases it is uncertain whether some area is occupied by two adjacent fields or if it is occupied by two subgroups belonging to a unique field.

[schmincke-2003-17-19-2] Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich (2003). Volcanism. Berlin: Springer. hlm. 17–19. ISBN 9783540436508.

[3] "Volcanic Fields". Capulin Volcano. National Park Service. Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2020.

[schmincke-2003-100-4] Schmincke 2003, p.100

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