Neo Kantianisme

Afrikan Aleksandrovich Špir
Afrikan Aleksandrovich Špir
Lahir	10 November 1837
Meninggal	26 Maret 1890 (umur 52)
Era	19th-century philosophy
Kawasan	Western philosophy
Aliran	Neo-Kantian
Minat utama	Logic, Epistemology, Ontology, Religion, Morality, Social Justice
Gagasan penting	Foundationalism
	Dipengaruhi Immanuel Kant, Descartes, David Hume, J S Mill;
	Memengaruhi Friedrich Nietzsche, Leo Tolstoy, Hans Vaihinger, William James, Max Müller, Gerardus Heymans, Piero Martinetti;

Neo Kantianisme adalah aliran filsafat idealisme yang muncul di Jerman pada tahun 1860an atau abad 19.^[3] ^[4] Nama aliran ini berasal dari dua kata yaitu, neo yang berarti baru dan Kant yang berarti nama filsuf, Imanuel Kant.^[3] Dari penggabungan dua kata tersebut, Neo Kantianisme berarti kembali kepada Kant, yaitu mengembangkan kembali unsur-unsur idealis, metafisis dan dialektis.^[3] Slogan "kembali kepada Kant" ini dicetuskan oleh Otto Liebmann pada tahun 1965.^[3] Menurut Liebmann, perhatian Kant kepada detailnya sebuah pengalaman merupakan hal yang esensial, inilah yang membuat Liebmann kembali lagi pada ekses-eskes idealisme dan romantisme.^[3] Tokoh-tokoh yang menganut paham ini di antaranya adalah Otto Liebmann (1840-1912), Kuno Fischer (1824-1907), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), Friedrich Albert Lange (1828-1875), Eduard Zeller (1814-1908), African Spir (1837-1890), Hermann Cohen (1842-1918), Alois Riehl (1844-1924).^[4] ^[5] Aliran ini dalam perkembangannya melahirkan beberapa mazhab, yaitu; Mazhab Marburg yang didirikan oleh Cohen, Mazhab Goettingen yang didirikan oleh Jacob Fridrich Fries, dan Mazhab Heidelberg yang dirintis oleh Wilhelm Windelband dan memilki jurnal bernama Logos.^[3] ^[4]

Referensi

^ "I was 21 years old when in 1873 was published this important book (Thought and Reality by A. Spir ), which I started immediately to study diligently. The book produced immediately a great impression." 8 March 1930, in a memory on an article of the Nouvelles littéraires (Literary News) on Nietzsche and Spir.
^ "William James, of Harvard, was among the first foreigners to take cognizance of Thought and Reality, already in 1873, then Max Müller of Oxford, in Holland Spruyt, Lund and G.[erardus] Heymans, the latter declared later that Spir exerced a real influence on the elaboration of his thought." Lettres inédites de African Spir au professeur Penjon (Unpublished Letters of African Spir to professor Penjon), Neuchâtel, 1948, p. 231, n. 7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lorens Bagus. 2000. Kamus Filsafat Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm. 697-700.
^ ^a ^b ^c Robert Audi. 1995. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Hlm. 524-525.
^ http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Neo-Kantianism.

[1] "I was 21 years old when in 1873 was published this important book (Thought and Reality by A. Spir ), which I started immediately to study diligently. The book produced immediately a great impression." 8 March 1930, in a memory on an article of the Nouvelles littéraires (Literary News) on Nietzsche and Spir.

[2] "William James, of Harvard, was among the first foreigners to take cognizance of Thought and Reality, already in 1873, then Max Müller of Oxford, in Holland Spruyt, Lund and G.[erardus] Heymans, the latter declared later that Spir exerced a real influence on the elaboration of his thought." Lettres inédites de African Spir au professeur Penjon (Unpublished Letters of African Spir to professor Penjon), Neuchâtel, 1948, p. 231, n. 7.

[Filsafat-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lorens Bagus. 2000. Kamus Filsafat Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm. 697-700.

[Audi-4] Robert Audi. 1995. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Hlm. 524-525.

[2-5] ttp://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Neo-Kantianism.

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