Awalan kapal
artikel daftar Wikimedia
Awalan kapal atau prefiks kapal adalah awalan atau gelar berupa singkatan di depan nama kapal umum atau kapal angkatan laut yang menunjukkan jenis, fungsi, dan kepemilikan kapal.
Pemakaian
Dalam sejarahnya, awalan untuk kapal sipil umumnya menunjukkan jenis mesin atau bahan bakar kapal, seperti, SS (steam-ship) yang berarti kapal uap, MV (motor-vessel) yang berarti kapal motor, atau PS (paddle steamer yang berarti kapal dayung).
Sebagian negara juga memakai awalan kapal untuk menunjukkan fungsi utama dari kapal, misalnya seperti Britania Raya memakai awalan RMS (Royal Mail Ship) yang berarti kapal pengantar surat, atau RV (kapal penelitian).
Kapal yang digunakan untuk kepentingan militer, awalan kapal menunjukkan kepemilikan dan juga menunjukkan jenis atau fungsi kapal. Contohnya, Angkatan Laut Britania Raya biasanya menggunakan awalan HMS (His/Her Majesty's Ship), singkatan dari "Kapal Yang Mulia". Angkatan Laut negara-negara Persemakmuran Britania memakai awalan yang menunjukkan asal kapal dari negara tersebut. misalnya, HMAS (His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship) dimiliki oleh Australia, HMCS (His/Her Majesty's Canadian Ship) dimiliki oleh Kanada, dan HMNZS (His/Her Majesty's New Zealander Ship) dimiliki oleh Selandia Baru.
Sedangkan awalan kapal untuk Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat hanya berlaku secara resmi ketika kapal masih aktif dipakai untuk kepentingan militer.[1] Beberapa negara termasuk Tiongkok, Prancis, dan Rusia tidak mengadopsi sistem awalan kapal di angkatan laut.
Sejak abad ke-20, banyak angkatan laut dari berbagai negara memakai awalan untuk menunjukkan kode kapal yang memakai kombinasi huruf dan nomor lambung. Kode kapal ini biasanya ditandai di tiap sisi kapal. Setiap angkatan laut memiliki sistemnya sendiri yang telah diatur.[2]
Awalan kapal sipil
Berikut ini daftar awalan yang digunakan untuk kapal sipil dan niaga.[3]
| Awalan | Arti |
|---|---|
| AE | Kapal amunisi |
| AFS | Kapal suplai |
| AHT | Kapal jangkar |
| AHTS | Kapal jangkar penahan anjungan[4] |
| AO | Kapal pengisian bahan bakar Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat |
| AOG | Kapal pengisian bahan bakar pemasok bensin |
| AOR | Kapal pengisian bahan bakar pembantu |
| AOT | Kapal tanker cadangan |
| ATB | Kapal penahan artikulasi |
| CRV | Kapal penelitian pesisir |
| C/F | Kapal Ro-Ro |
| CS | Kapal peti kemas[4] atau kapal pemasang kabel bawah laut |
| DB | Kapal derek terapung |
| DEPV | Perahu mesin diesel listrik |
| DLB | Tongkang derek |
| DCV | Kapal konstruksi laut dalam |
| DSV | Kapal pengangkut penyelam atau Kapal pengangkut kapal selam |
| DV | Kapal mati[5][6] |
| ERRV | Kapal penyelamat tanggap darurat[6] |
| FPSO | Kapal bongkar muatan[4] |
| FPV | Kapal bebas piston |
| FPV | Kapal perlindungan bahari[4] |
| FT | Kapal pemrosesan ikan |
| FV | Kapal penangkap ikan |
| GTS | Kapal turbin gas |
| HLV | Kapal muatan berat |
| HMT | Kapal pengangkut tentara (tidak digunakan lagi) |
| HMHS | Kapal medis Angkatan Laut Britania Raya |
| HSC | Kapal berkecepatan tinggi[4] |
| HSF | Kapal feri berkecepatan tinggi[4] |
| HTV | Kapal pengangkut muatan berat |
| IRV | Kapal peneliti Internasional |
| ITB | Kapal tongkang terintegrasi |
| LB | Kapal liftboat |
| LNG/C | Kapal pengangkut gas alam cair |
| LPG/C | Kapal pengangkut elpiji |
| MF | Kapal feri bermesin |
| MFV | Kapal penangkap ikan bermesin (digunakan di Britania Raya) |
| MS (M/S) | Kapal bermesin[4] (atau juga MV) |
| MSV | Kapal serbaguna |
| MSY | Kapal pelaut bermesin |
| MT | Kapal tanker bermesin |
| MTS | Kapal tunda |
| MV (M/V) | Kapal bermesin[4] (atau juga MS) |
| MY (M/Y) | Kapal pesiar bermesin |
| NB | Perahu berbadan sempit |
| NRV | Kapal penelitian NATO |
| NS | Kapal nuklir |
| OSV | Kapal pengangkut minyak dari anjungan lepas pantai (atau juga PSV) |
| PS | Kapal dayung |
| PSV | Kapal pengangkut minyak dari anjungan lepas pantai (atau juga OSV) |
| QSMV | Kapal bermesin empat baling-baling[4] |
| QTEV | Kapal listrik empat baling-baling |
| RMS | Kapal pengantar surat (Britania Raya)[4] |
| RNLB | Sekoci (Britania Raya) |
| RRS | Kapal penelitian (Britania Raya) |
| RV / RSV | Kapal penelitian |
| SB | Tongkang layar |
| SS (S/S) | Kapal uap bermesin tunggal[4] (juga digunakan untuk berbagai kapal uap) |
| SSCV | Kapal semi-selam (semi-submarine) |
| SSS | Kapal kepanduan atau pramuka. |
| SSV | Kapal pendidikan kepelautan[7] |
| ST | Perahu uap atau Perahu pukat uap |
| STS | Kapal pelatihan kepelautan |
| STV | Kapal turbin uap |
| SV (S/V) | Perahu layar |
| SY | Perahu layar uap |
| TB | Perahu tunda |
| TEV | Kapal turbin listrik |
| TIV | Kapal pemasangan turbin |
| TrSS | Kapal uap tiga baling-baling[4] |
| TS | Kapal pelatihan (atau TV) |
| Tr.SMV | Kapal bermesin tiga baling-baling |
| TSMV | Kapal bermesin baling-baling ganda[8] |
| TSS | Kapal uap baling-baling ganda[4] |
| TST | Perahu baling-baling ganda |
| TV | Kapal pelatihan (atau TS) |
| YD | Kapal derek |
| YW | Tongkang air otomatis |
| YOS | Kapal pengangkut semen |
Awalan kapal negara atau militer
| Negara | Dinas atau Biro | Awalan | Arti atau Kepanjangan |
|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina
|
Angkatan Laut Argentina | ARA | Angkatan Laut Republik Argentina (Armada de la República Argentina) |
| Kesatuan Penjaga Pantai Argentina | GC | Kapal Penjaga Pantai Argentina (Spanish: Guardacostas) | |
 Australia
|
Angkatan Laut Australia | HMAS | Kapal Angkatan Laut (Her Majesty's Ship) Australia |
| NUSHIP | Kapal baru yang belum pernah berlayar | ||
| ADV | Kapal militer Australia (yang tidak digunakan) | ||
| MSA | Kapal penyapu ranjau[9] | ||
| Australian Customs and Border Protection Service | ACV | Kapal impor dari luar | |
| Penjaga Perbatasan Australia | ABFC | Kapal Penjaga Perbatasan | |
| Australia (sebelum federasi) | Kapal angkatan laut kolonial Australia | HMCS | Kapal militer kolonial His/Her Majesty's |
| HMQS | Kapal Angkatan Laut Queensland (Queensland Maritime Defence Force) | ||
| HMVS | Kapal Angkatan Laut Victoria (Victorian Naval Forces) | ||
 Austria-Hungary
|
Kapal Angkatan Laut Austria-Hungaria | SMS | Kapal Angkatan Laut Kerajaan (Seiner Majestät Schiff) |
 Bahama
|
Royal Bahamas Defence Force | HMBS | Kapal Angkatan Laut Persemakmuran Bahama |
 Bangladesh
|
Kesatuan Penjaga Pantai Bangladesh | CGS | Kapal Penjaga Pantai |
| Angkatan Laut Bangladesh | BNS | Kapal Angkatan Laut Bangladesh | |
 Barbados
|
Angkatan Bersenjata Barbados | HMBS | Kapal Militer Barbados |
 Belgia
|
Angkatan Laut Belgia | BNS | Kapal Angkatan Laut Belgia (memakai kaidah NATO) |
 Brunei
|
Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Brunei | KDB | Kapal Kerajaan Brunei |
 Burma
|
Angkatan Laut Myanmar | UMS | Kapal Kesatuan Myanmar |
 Kanada
|
Angkatan Laut Persemakmuran Kanada | HMCS/NCSM | Kapal militer Kanada |
| CFAV/NAFC | Kapal cadangan militer Kanada | ||
| Kesatuan Penjaga Pantai Kanada | CCGS/NGCC | Kapal penjaga pantai Kanada | |
| CCGC/CGCC | Kapal penjaga pantai Kanada (tidak digunakan lagi) | ||
| Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan dan Departemen Transportasi | CGS | Kapal Pemerintah Kanada (tidak digunakan lagi) | |
| CSS | Kapal penelitian Kanada (tidak digunakan lagi) | ||
| DGS | Kapal Pemerintah Dominion (tidak digunakan lagi) | ||
| Akademi Militer Kanada | SCTS/NECM | Kapal Akademi Militer Kanada | |
 Tiongkok
|
Angkatan Laut Tentara Pembebasan Rakyat | — | Tidak ada awalan resmi; sejumlah penulis menggunakan CNS (Chinese Navy Ship) atau PLANS (People's Liberation Army Navy Ship) |
 Kolombia
|
Tentara Nasional Kolombia | ARC | Kapal Militer Republik Kolombia (Armada de la República de Colombia) |
 Konfederasi Amerika
|
Angkatan Laut Konfederasi Amerika | CSS | Kapal Negara Konfederasi (Confederate States Ship) |
 Kepulauan Cook
|
Kepolisian Kepulauan Cook | CIPPB | Perahu Patroli Kepolisian Kepulauan Cook (Cook Islands Police Patrol Boat) |
 Denmark
|
Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Denmark | HDMS (Bahasa Denmark: KDM) | Kapal Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Denmark (Kongelige Danske Marine) |
 Ekuador
|
Angkatan Bersenjata Ekuador | BAE | Kapal Angkatan Bersenjata Ekuador (Buque de la Armada de Ecuador) |
 Estonia
|
Angkatan Laut Estonia | ENS (Bahasa Esti: EML) | Kapal Angkatan Laut Estonia (kaidah NATO: Estonian Naval Ship) |
| Kesatuan Penjaga Pantai Estonia | ECGS | Kapal Penjaga Pantai Estonia (kaidah NATO: Estonian Coast Guard Ship) | |
 Fiji
|
Angkatan Laut Republik Fiji | RFNS | Republic of Fiji Naval Ship |
 Finlandia
|
Angkatan Laut Finlandia | FNS | Finnish Navy Ship. Prefixes are not used in Finnish-language communications. |
 Prancis
|
Angkatan Laut Prancis | OF | Okręt Francuski (Polish French Ship); used in 1940–41 for French destroyer Ouragan |
| FS | French Ship (NATO designation); France does not use prefixes internally | ||
 Kekaisaran Jerman
|
Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jerman | SM U## | Seiner Majestät Unterseeboot (English: His Majesty's Submarine) |
| SMS | Seiner Majestät Schiff (English: His Majesty's Ship) | ||
 Nazi Germany
|
Angkatan Laut Jerman Nazi | — | No official prefix at the time; "DKM" ("Deutsche Kriegsmarine") or "KMS" ("Kriegsmarine Schiffe") are used in some post war literature. |
 Jerman Barat
|
Angkatan Laut Federasi Jerman Barat (Bundesmarine) | FGS | Kapal Federasi Jerman Barat (Federal German Ship) (kaidah NATO; secara resmi Jerman Barat tidak memakai awalan)[10] |
| Jerman
|
Angkatan Laut Jerman | FGS | Kapal Federasi Jerman (kaidah NATO, secara resmi Jerman tidak memakai awalan)[10] |
 Kerajaan Yunani
|
Royal Hellenic Navy | ΒΠ (VP) | Βασιλικόν Πλοίον (Vassilikón Ploíon), "Royal Ship"; RHS (Royal Hellenic Ship) or HHMS (His Hellenic Majesty's Ship) in use by English-language authors and contemporary foreign navies. |
 Yunani
|
Hellenic Navy | HS | Hellenic Ship: NATO designation, used in international communications; internally the Hellenic Navy uses prefixes indicating ship type. |
 Guyana
|
Guyanese Coast Guard[11] | GDFS | Guyanese Defence Forces Ship |
.svg) |
Angkatan Laut Hawaii | HHMS | His Hawaiian Majesty's Ship; the only one being Kaimiloa |
 Islandia
|
Icelandic Coast Guard | ICGV (Icelandic: VS) | Icelandic Coast Guard Vessel, (Icelandic:Varðskip) |
 India
|
Indian Navy (pre-Republic) | HMIS | His/Her Majesty's Indian Ship |
 India
|
Indian Coast Guard | ICGS | Indian Coast Guard Ship |
| Indian Navy | INS | Indian Naval Ship | |
 Indonesia
|
Indonesian Navy | KRI | Kapal Republik Indonesia |
| Republic of Indonesia | KL | Kapal Layar | |
| Republic of Indonesia | KM | Kapal Motor | |
| Republic of Indonesia | KN | Kapal Negara | |
 Kerajaan Iran
|
Imperial Iranian Navy | IIS | Imperial Iranian Ship (Persian: ناو شاهنشاهی ایران) |
 Iran
|
Islamic Republic of Iran Navy | IRIS | Islamic Republic of Iran ship (Persian: ناو جمهوری اسلامی ایران) |
 Irlandia
|
Irish Naval Service | LÉ | Long Éireannach – Irish ship |
 Israel
|
Israeli Sea Corps | INS | Israeli Naval Ship (Internally Hebrew acronym אח"י (A.Ch.Y.) is used standing for אניית חיל הים (Oniyat Heyl HaYam – Sea Corps Ship) |
 Kingdom of Italy(until 1946) |
Regia Marina | RN | Regia Nave – Royal Ship |
| Regia Marina | R.Smg. | Regio Sommergibile – Royal Submarine | |
 Italia
|
Marina Militare | ITS | Italian Ship (NATO designation); Italy no longer uses prefixes |
 Jamaika
|
Jamaica Defence Force | HMJS | His/Her Majesty's Jamaican Ship |
 Kekaisaran Jepang
|
Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang | — | (Tidak ada awalan resmi; sejumlah penulis menggunakan HIJMS (His Imperial Japanese Majesty's Ship) dan IJN (Imperial Japanese Navy) |
 Jepang
|
Pasukan Bela Diri Jepang | JDS or JS | Kapal Bela Diri Jepang (Japanese Defense Ship) atau Kapal Jepang (Japanese Ship) |
 Kenya
|
Kenyan Navy | KNS | Kenyan Naval Ship |
 Kiribati
|
Kiribati Police Force | RKS | Republic of Kiribati Ship |
 North Korea
|
Korean People's Navy | — | (currently unknown) |
 Kuwait
|
Kuwait Naval Force | KNS | Kuwait Navy Ship |
 Korea Selatan
|
Republic of Korea Navy | ROKS | Republic of Korea Ship |
 Latvia
|
Latvian Navy | LVNS | Latvian Naval Ship (NATO designation) |
 Lituania
|
Lithuanian Navy | LKL
LNS |
Lietuvos Karinis Laivas – Lithuanian Military Ship
Lithuanian Ship (NATO designation) |
 Malaysia
|
Royal Malaysian Navy | KD | Kapal Di-Raja – His Majesty's Ship, literal: Royal Ship. |
| Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency | KM | Kapal Maritim – Maritime Ship | |
 Kepulauan Marshall
|
Marshall Islands Police | RMIS | Republic of the Marshall Islands Ship |
 Federasi Mikronesia
|
FSM National Police | FSM | Federated States of Micronesia |
 Meksiko
|
Armada de México | ARM | Armada de la República Mexicana |
| Myanmar
|
Tatmadaw Yay | UMS | Myanma Sit Yay Yin – Union of Myanmar Ship |
 Namibia
|
Namibian Navy | NS | Namibian Ship |
 Belanda
|
Royal Netherlands Navy | HNLMS (Dutch: Zr.Ms./Hr.Ms.) | His/Her Netherlands Majesty's Ship (Dutch: Zijner/Harer Majesteits, archaic Dutch language genitive, lit. "His/Her Majesty's") |
 Selandia Baru
|
Royal New Zealand Navy | HMNZS | His/Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship |
 Nigeria
|
Nigerian Navy | NNS | Nigerian Naval Ship |
 Norwegia
|
Royal Norwegian Navy | HNoMS (Norwegian: KNM), in use since 1946 | His Norwegian Majesty's Ship (Norwegian: Kongelige Norske Marine) |
| Norwegian Coast Guard | NoCGV (Norwegian: KV) | Norwegian Coast Guard Vessel (Norwegian: Kystvakten) | |
 Oman
|
Royal Navy of Oman | SNV | Sultanate Naval Vessel |
 Pakistan
|
Pakistan Navy | PNS | Pakistan Naval Ship |
 Palau
|
Palau Police | PSS | Palau State Ship |
 Papua Nugini
|
Papua New Guinea Defence Force | HMPNGS | His/Her Majesty's Papua New Guinea Ship |
 Peru
|
Peruvian Navy | BAP | Peruvian Navy Ship (Spanish: Buque Armada Peruana) |
| BIC | Scientific Research Ship (Spanish: Buque de Investigación Científica) | ||
 Filipina
|
Philippine Navy | BRP | Barko ng Republika ng Pilipinas; in use since 1 July 1980 (Ship of the Republic of the Philippines) |
| RPS | Republic of the Philippines Ship (Obsolete); before 1 July 1980 | ||
 Polandia
|
Polish Navy | ORP | Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (Warship of the Republic of Poland) |
 Portugal
|
Marinha Portuguesa | NRP | Navio da República Portuguesa – Ship of the Portuguese Republic |
| PNS | Portuguese Navy Ship (NATO designation, not used internally) | ||
| UAM | Unidade Auxiliar da Marinha – Navy Auxiliary Unit (used by the Portuguese Navy non-military ships) | ||
 Rumania
|
Romanian Navy | NMS | Nava Majestăţii Sale (His/Her Majesty's Ship) – used before 1945 by the Royal Romanian Navy |
| SMR | Serviciul Maritim Român (The Romanian Sea Service) – used by transport ships | ||
| ROS | Romanian Ship (NATO designation, not used internally) | ||
 Russian Empire
|
Imperial Russian Navy | HIRMS | (no prefix; some authors use "HIRMS" for "His Imperial Russian Majesty's Ship") |
| Rusia
|
Russian Navy | — | No official prefix; some authors use "RFS" (Russian: Корабль Российской Федерации) |
 Arab Saudi
|
Saudi Navy | HMS | His Majesty's Ship – the same as the Royal Navy |
 Singapura
|
Republic of Singapore Navy | RSS | Republic of Singapore Ship |
 Kepulauan Solomon
|
Royal Solomon Islands Police | RSIPV | Royal Solomon Islands Police Vessel |
 Afrika Selatan
|
South African Navy | SAS | South African Ship (previously HMSAS – His/Her Majesty's South African Ship) |
| SATS | South African Training Ship | ||
 Soviet Union
|
Soviet Navy | — | No official prefix; some authors use "USSRS"[12] (Russian: Корабль Союза Советских Социалистических Республик) |
 Spanyol
|
Armada Española | ESPS | Spanish Navy Ship (Spain does not use prefixes internally. ESPN or SPS are no longer used) |
 Sri Lanka
|
Sri Lankan Navy | SLNS | Sri Lanka Naval Ship |
 Swedia
|
Swedish Navy | HMS (English: HSwMS) | Hans/Hennes Majestäts Skepp (His/Her Majesty's Ship) – in English HSwMS (His/Her Swedish Majesty's Ship) is used to avoid confusion with Royal Navy ships |
 Republik Tiongkok
|
Republic of China Navy | ROCS (older usage: CNS) | Republic of China Ship (older usage: Chinese Navy Ship); Note: Republic of China is the official name of Taiwan. |
 Thailand
|
Royal Thai Navy | HTMS | His Thai Majesty's Ship |
 Timor Leste
|
Timor Leste Defense Force | NRTL | Navio da República de Timor Leste (Ship of the Timor Leste Republic) |
 Tonga
|
Tonga Defence Services | VOEA | Vaka O Ene Afio (His Majesty's Vessel) |
 Turki
|
Turkish Navy | TCG | Ship of the Turkish Republic (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gemisi.) |
 Tuvalu
|
Tuvalu Police Force | HMTSS | His/Her Majesty's Tuvaluan State Ship |
 Trinidad dan Tobago
|
Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force | TTS | Trinidad and Tobago Ship |
 Britania Raya
|
Ships carrying mail | RMS | Royal Mail Steamer/Ship |
| Cable ship | HMTV | His/Her Majesty's Telegraph Vessel | |
| Fishery protection vessels | FPV | Fisheries Protection Vessel | |
| Royal Air Force | HMAFV | His/Her Majesty's Air Force Vessel (not currently in use) | |
| Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships | RFA | Royal Fleet Auxiliary | |
| Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service ships |
RMAS | Royal Maritime Auxiliary Ship (now obsolete) | |
| Royal Naval Auxiliary Service | XSV | Auxiliary Service Vessel (now obsolete) | |
| Royal Navy | HM Sloop | His/Her Majesty's Sloop (now obsolete) | |
| HMS | His/Her Majesty's Ship/Submarine | ||
| HMSm | His/Her Majesty's Submarine (not currently in use) | ||
| HMT | Hired Military Transport (not currently in use) | ||
| HMAV | His/Her Majesty's Armed Vessel[13] (not currently in use) | ||
| HMY | His/Her Majesty's Yacht (not currently in use) | ||
| HMMGB | His/Her Majesty's Motor Gun Boat (not currently in use) | ||
| HMM | His/Her Majesty's Monitor (not currently in use) | ||
| HMSML | His/Her Majesty's Small Motor Launch | ||
| HBMS | His/Her Britannic Majesty's Ship (archaic) | ||
| HM | His/Her Majesty's, then used with the type of ship in military use (e.g. "HM Trawler" or "HM Rescue Tug") | ||
| Hospital Ships | HMHS | His/Her Majesty's Hospital Ship | |
| Joint Services Sail Training Yachts (JSASTC) | HMSTC | His/Her Majesty's Sail Training Craft | |
| Trinity House | THV | Trinity House Vessel (Lighthouse and Buoy Tender) | |
| Northern Lighthouse Board | NLV | Northern Lighthouse Vessel (Lighthouse tender) | |
| Commissioners of Irish Lights | ILV | Irish Lights Vessel (Lighthouse tender) | |
| British Army | HMAV | Her Majesty's Army Vessel[14] | |
| RCLV | Royal Corps of Logistics Vessel (not currently in use) | ||
| Government research ships | RRS | Royal Research Ship | |
| HM Revenue and Customs/Border Force | HMCC, HMC | His/Her Majesty's Customs Cutter shortened to His/Her Majesty's Cutter after being transferred to Border Force | |
| HM Customs and Excise (replaced by HMRC, above) | HMRC | His/Her Majesty's Revenue Cutter (not used since 18 April 2005). Also His/Her Majesty's Revenue Cruiser (as per HMRC Vigilant 1947. Not used since ca1960) | |
 Amerika Serikat
|
United States Air Force | USAF, USAFS | United States Air Force ship (not currently in use) |
| United States Army (modern) | USAS | United States Army Ship (modern) | |
| USAV | United States Army Vessel (modern) | ||
| United States Army (historical) | |||
| USAT | United States Army Transport (large troop or cargo transports, not currently in use) | ||
| USAMP | U.S. Army Mine Planter (not currently in use) | ||
| USAJMP | U.S. Army Junior Mine Planter (not currently in use) | ||
| U.S. Army | Vessels not otherwise designated: tugs, FS, Q, P etc. (not currently in use) | ||
| USAHS | United States Army Hospital Ship (not currently in use) | ||
| United States Navy | USF | United States Frigate (obsolete) | |
| USFS | United States Flagship (obsolete) | ||
| USS | United States Ship – Commissioned ships only. [2] | ||
| USNV | United States Naval Vessel (Small utility vessels, not MSC, operated by local commands)[15] | ||
| U.S. Navy Military Sealift Command (MSC) | USNS | United States Naval Ship (USN-owned, civilian crews) | |
| United States Coast Guard | USCGC | United States Coast Guard Cutter | |
| USCGD | United States Coast Guard Destroyer (not currently in use) | ||
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | NOAAS | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ship | |
| United States Coast and Geodetic Survey | USC&GS | United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (obsolete); occasionally a second "S" for "survey ship" was used | |
| United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries | USFC | United States Fish Commission (obsolete); commonly used informal name for the Commission; no "S" for "ship" was used | |
| United States Lighthouse Service | USLHT | United States Lighthouse Tender (obsolete) | |
| United States Revenue Cutter Service | USRC | United States Revenue Cutter (obsolete) | |
 Uruguay
|
Uruguayan Navy | ROU | República Oriental del Uruguay |
 Vanuatu
|
Vanuatu Police Force | RVS | Republic of Vanuatu Ship |
 Venezuela
|
Angkatan Laut Venezuela | FNV | (Fuerzas Navales de Venezuela) tidak berlaku sejak 1949 |
| ARV | (Armada República de Venezuela) tidak berlaku sejak 1999 | ||
| ARBV | Armada República Bolivariana de Venezuela | ||
 Kerajaan Yugoslavia
|
Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Yugoslavia | KB | Kapal Kerajaan (Kraljevski Brod or Краљевски брод), digunakan pada tahun 1918–1941 |
 Yugoslavia Republik Federal Yugoslavia Serbia dan Montenegro
|
Angkatan Laut Yugoslavia (1969–1992)
Angkatan Bersenjata Yugoslavia (1992–2003) |
RTOP | Raketna Topovnjača or Ракетна Топовњача (English: Rocket gunship), named by Yugoslavia peoples heroes |
| RČ | Raketni Čamac or Ракетни Чамац (English: Rocket boat), 1969–1992, named by Yugoslavia peoples heroes | ||
| VPBR | Veliki Patrolni Brod or Велики Патролни Брод (English: Big patrol ship), 1969–1992, named by Yugoslavia coastal towns | ||
| TČ | Torpedni Čamac or Торпедни Чамац (English: Torpedo boat), 1969–1992 | ||
| PČ | Patrolni Čamac or Патролни Чамац (English: Patrol boat), 1969–1992, named by mountains | ||
| PO | Pomoćni Oružar or Помоћни Оружар (English: Auxiliary аrmourer), 1969–1992 | ||
| RML | Rečni minolovac or Речни миноловац (English: River minesweepers), 1969–1992, named by places of WWII battles | ||
| RPB | Rečni patrolni brod or Речни патролни брод (English: River patrol boat), 1969–1992 | ||
| P | Podmornica or Подморница (English: Submarine), 1969–1992, named by rivers or human qualities | ||
| RЕ | Razarač Eskortni or Разарач Ескортни (English: Escort destroyer), 1969–1992 | ||
| PT | Kapal (Pomoćni transportni or Помоћни транспортни), 1969–1992 | ||
| DČ | Kapal Induk (Desantni čamci atau Десантни чамци), digunakan pada tahun 1969–1992 |
Kaidah awalan kapal
Awalan untuk kapal Britania Raya diterapkan sejak permulaan periode Imperium Britania pertama, sebelum kebijakan pembentukan angkatan laut terpisah untuk wilayah dependensi.
Di Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Belanda, HNLMS adalah awalan dalam bahasa Inggris, terjemahan dari bahasa Belanda asli yaitu Hr.Ms. atau Zr.Ms. "Hr.Ms." biasanya tidak digunakan dalam dokumen berbahasa Inggris.[16]
Di Australia, awalan NUSHIP digunakan untuk menunjukkan kapal yang belum ditugaskan ke dalam armada. [17]
Di Amerika Serikat, semua awalan selain "USS", "USNS", "USNV", dan "USRC" tidak berlaku lagi pada tahun 1901, ketika Presiden Theodore Roosevelt mengeluarkan peraturan pemerintah yang menetapkan tata nama angkatan laut Amerika.[2] USRC digantikan menjadi United Coast Coast Guard pada tahun 1915. [18] USC & GS digantikan menjadi NOAAS - Administrasi Kelautan dan Atmosfer Nasional pada tahun 1970.
Dalam fiksi ilmiah
Awalan kapal berupa huruf sering muncul dalam karya-karya fiksi ilmiah berbahasa Inggris, diterapkan pada kapal laut dan pesawat angkasa yang sama.
- Star Trek - Federasi Serikat Planet menggunakan awalan "USS" untuk pesawat ruang angkasa. Sementara Gene Roddenberry tidak pernah menjelaskan singkatan tersebut. Beberapa orang berspekulasi singkatan itu berarti "United Space Ship", "United Star Ship", atau "United Starfleet Starship/Ship". Kekaisaran Terran menggunakan awalan "ISS". Ras fiksi luar angkasa lain menggunakan awalan yang berbeda untuk kapal mereka:
- Klingon menggunakan IKS (Imperial Klingon Ship) atau IKC (Imperial Klingon Cruiser).
- Kapal Romulan biasanya menerima awalan IRW (Imperial Romulan Warbird), atau RIS di mana beberapa berspekulasi bahwa itu berarti "Romulan Imperial Ship", dan ChR. (ChR berasal dari novelis Diane Duane yang membayangkan Star Trek Universe, di mana orang Romawi menyebut planet asal mereka sebagai "Ch'Rihan". Meskipun versi Duane memiliki pengikut setia di antara banyak penggemar, itu tidak dianggap kanon Star Trek resmi; sama halnya, sebutan Ferengi dari FMS, dan CD Cardassian, juga bukan kanon)
- Halo - pesawat ruang angkasa Komando Ruang Angkasa Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menggunakan awalan "UNSC". Kovenan menggunakan tiga penunjukan huruf untuk kelas kapal seperti CAS atau CSO
- Mass Effect - menampilkan beberapa awalan, terutama "SSV" untuk "wahana antariksa Systems Alliance" [19] dan "MSV" untuk "Merchant Space Vehicle", digunakan pada banyak kapal komersial manusia, serta "PFS" untuk angkatan laut Turian Hierarchy kerajinan, dan kapal barang AML Demeter dari afiliasi yang tidak diketahui.
- StarCraft: Brood War - Direktorat United Earth menggunakan DSS (mungkin untuk Direktorat Antariksa Kapal, misalnya DSS Aleksander ); Konfederasi Terran menggunakan CSF (Confederate Space Fleet, mis. CSF Ragnorak ) untuk battlecruiser mereka.
- The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress - Negara Federasi menggunakan "FNS", mungkin berarti "Kapal Negara Federasi".
- Serial Alien - Kapal menggunakan awalan "USCSS" untuk "SpaceShip Amerika Serikat" di Nostromo, Prometheus, dan Covenant.
Referensi
Kutipan
- ^ Dasgupta, Soumyajit (2013-03-04). "What are Ship Prefixes for Navy and Merchant Vessels?". Marine Insight (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-10-30.
- ^ Dasgupta, Soumyajit (2013-03-04). "What are Ship Prefixes for Navy and Merchant Vessels?". Marine Insight (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-10-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Maritime Acronyms and Abbreviations". Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 August 2016.
- ^ ""Dead Vessel" doctrine". USLegal.com. US Legal, Inc. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Ship Prefix Glossary – continued". richatlanticinterserv.com. Rich Atlantic International Services. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 August 2012. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2015.
- ^ "Submarine and Special Warfare Support Vessel". Military Sealift Command. Diakses tanggal 3 December 2010.
- ^ "Ships of CalMac".
- ^ Royal Australian Navy. "MSA Brolga". navy.gov.au. Diakses tanggal 23 September 2015.
- ^ a b FGS Hessen factsheet
- ^ "About the Coast Guard". 4 September 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 July 2010. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2010.
- ^ "Russian and Soviet Navy Battleships". frontier.com. Diakses tanggal 23 September 2015.
- ^ "List of Acronyms Preceding the Name of a Ship". 22 March 2010. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2010.
- ^ Habesch, The Army's Navy, p. 154
- ^ Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) (July 25, 2012). "Dry Dock and overhaul of USNV Battle Point YTT-10". Navy Electronic Business Opportunities. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2015.
- ^ "PCU Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) Welcomes 60 New Crew Members" (Siaran pers). Navy News Service. 6 June 2013. NNS130606-12. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2016.
- ^ "PCU Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) Welcomes 60 New Crew Members" (Siaran pers). Navy News Service. 6 June 2013. NNS130606-12. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2016.
- ^ United States Coast Guard Historian's Office.
- ^ In-Game Codex, entry for SSV Normandy.
Sumber
- Naval History And Heritage Command. "Ship Naming in the United States Navy". Naval History and Heritage Command. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2015.
- United States Coast Guard Historian's Office (5 January 2015). "Coast Guard History". Frequently Asked Questions. United States Coast Guard. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2015.