Maskulinitas beracun

Untuk melebih-lebihkan sifat maskulin tradisional, lihat Hipermaskulinitas.

Konsep maskulinitas beracun digunakan dalam diskusi media dan akademis tentang maskulinitas untuk merujuk pada norma budaya tertentu yang berkaitan dengan kerugian terhadap masyarakat dan pria. Stereotip pria tradisional yang dominan secara sosial (bersama dengan sifat-sifat terkait seperti misogini dan homofobia) dapat dianggap "beracun" karena mempromosikan kekerasan, termasuk kekerasan seksual dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.

Bacaan lanjutan

Sumber akademis

• Addis, Michael E.; Cohane, Geoffrey H. (June 2005). "Social scientific paradigms of masculinity and their implications for research and practice in men's mental health" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Psychology. 61 (6): 633–647. doi:10.1002/jclp.20099. PMID 15732091. 
• Banet-Weiser, Sarah; Miltner, Kate M. (December 2015). "#MasculinitySoFragile: culture, structure, and networked misogyny". Feminist Media Studies. 16 (1): 171–174. doi:10.1080/14680777.2016.1120490. 
• Bliss, Shepherd (1995). "Mythopoetic Men's Movements". Dalam Kimmel, Michael S. The Politics of Manhood: Profeminist Men Respond to the Mythopoetic Men's Movement (And the Mythopoetic Leaders Answer). Philadelphia: Temple University Press. hlm. 292–307. ISBN 978-1-56-639365-2. JSTOR j.ctt14bswd0. 
• Connell, R.W. (2005). Masculinities (edisi ke-2nd). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-74-563426-5. 
• Karner, Tracy (January 1996). "Fathers, Sons, and Vietnam: Masculinity and Betrayal in the Life Narratives of Vietnam Veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder". American Studies. 37 (1): 63–94. JSTOR 40642783. 

Pers populer

• Campbell, Olivia (23 October 2017). "The Men Taking Classes to Unlearn Toxic Masculinity". The Cut. 
• Friedman, Jaclyn (13 March 2013). "Toxic Masculinity". The American Prospect. 
• Gilchrist, Tracy E. (11 December 2017). "What Is Toxic Masculinity?". The Advocate. 
• Hamblin, James (16 June 2016). "Toxic Masculinity and Murder". The Atlantic. 
• Hays, Charlotte (27 February 2018). "Jordan Peterson on the Nihilism that Contributes to the Creation of a School Shooter". Independent Women's Forum. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2020-08-22. 
• Holloway, Kali (12 June 2015). "Toxic masculinity is killing men: The roots of male trauma". Salon. 
• Kohn, Isabelle (15 November 2018). "Inside the Movement to Reprogram Masculinity". Broadly. Vice Media. Through classes and workshops, men across the United States are attempting to unlearn 'toxic masculinity'—for society and for themselves. 
• Marcotte, Amanda (24 October 2017). "Toxic Masculinity Is Killing Us in Many Ways". AlterNet. 
• Masciotra, David (4 July 2016). "Toxic masculinity doesn't just target women: The viciousness and vacuity of modern American manhood is also harmful to the self". Salon. 
• Weiss, Suzannah (23 February 2016). "6 Harmful Effects Of Toxic Masculinity". Bustle. 
• Winton, Tim (9 April 2018). "About the boys: Tim Winton on how toxic masculinity is shackling men to misogyny". The Guardian.