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This is a list of 100 of the world's largest shopping centers based on their gross leasable area.[1]

Name Country City Year
opened 		Gross leasable
area (GLA) 		Total
area 		Shops Remarks
1 New South China Mall  China Dongguan 2005 659,612 m2 (7.100,00 sq ft)[1][2] 892,000 m2 (9.601,41 sq ft) 1000+
2 Golden Resources Mall  China Beijing 2004 557,419 m2 (6.000,01 sq ft)[1][2] 1000+
3 SM City North EDSA  Philippines Quezon City 1985 498,000 m2 (5.360,43 sq ft)[2][3][4] 1000+
4 SM Megamall  Philippines Mandaluyong 1991 474,000 m2 (5.102,09 sq ft)[2][5] 1000+ Daily foot traffic of 800,000 people, adding up to 292,000,000 people a year.[6]
5 Isfahan City Center  Iran Isfahan 2012 465,000 m2 (5.005,22 sq ft)[2][7] 600,000 m2 (6.458,35 sq ft)[8] 770+ Mixed-use shopping mall complex including a 5-star hotel, Cinema, the biggest indoor amusement park in the Middle East with 345,000 m2 (3.713,55 sq ft), restaurants, International Financial Exchange Center, Office tower, Exhibition center and Hotel apartment.
6 1 Utama  Malaysia Damansara 1995 455,000 m2 (4.897,58 sq ft)[1][2] 700+ Phase 1 (Old Wing) opened in 1995 while Phase 2 (New Wing) opened in 2003. Anchored by four department stores (AEON, Isetan, Tangs and Parkson), two supermarkets (AEON and Cold Storage) as well as two cinemas (GSC and TGV Cinemas).
7 Persian Gulf Complex  Iran Shiraz 2012 450,000 m2 (4.843,76 sq ft)[2][9] 500,000 m2 (5.381,96 sq ft) 2500+ World's largest by number of stores.
8 SM Seaside City Cebu  Philippines Cebu City 2015 430,000 m2 (4.628,48 sq ft) 470,000 m2 (5.059,04 sq ft) 447 Largest mall in the Philippines outside Metro Manila.
9 Central World  Thailand Bangkok 1990 429,500 m2 (4.623,10 sq ft)[1][2] 550,000 m2 (5.920,15 sq ft) 600 Area of the full complex is [convert: nomor tidak sah] including two skyscrapers.
10 Istanbul Cevahir Mall  Turkey Istanbul 2005 420,000 m2 (4.520,84 sq ft)[1][2] 343+
11 SM Mall of Asia  Philippines Pasay 2006 406,962 m2 (4.380,50 sq ft)[2][10] 407,101 m2 (4.382,00 sq ft) 1000+ Attracts a daily average foot traffic of about 200,000 people. Was once the largest in the Philippines until the redevelopment of the SM City North EDSA and SM Megamall.
12 Siam Paragon[11]  Thailand Bangkok 2005 400,000 m2 (4.305,56 sq ft)[2] 500,000 m2 (5.381,96 sq ft) 270+
13 Sunway Pyramid  Malaysia Subang Jaya 1997 396,000 m2 (4.262,51 sq ft) 800+ Sunway Pyramid in Subang Jaya, Malaysia is the mall that has an Egyptian-inspired pyramid with a lion design.
14 Albrook Mall  Panama Panama City 2003 380,000 m2 (4.090,29 sq ft)[2] 555 Largest shopping mall in the Americas.
15 Mal Taman Anggrek  Indonesia Jakarta 1996 360,000 m2 (3.875,01 sq ft)[2] 528
16 The Avenues Mall[12]  Kuwait Kuwait City 2007 357,000 m2 (3.842,72 sq ft) 412,709 m2 (4.442,36 sq ft) 800+ 252,000 m2 (2.712,51 sq ft) GLA as of Q1 2012, phase IV (under construction)[13] brings total GLA to 357,000 m2 (3.842,72 sq ft) with an extra 400 stores and 5,000 extra car parking spaces.[14] As of 2011, footfall was an average of 462,500 visitors per week.[15]
17 Fashion Island (Thailand)  Thailand Bangkok 1995 350,000 m2 (3.767,37 sq ft) 300
18 West Edmonton Mall  Canada Edmonton, Alberta 1981 350,000 m2 (3.767,37 sq ft) 490,000 m2 (5.274,32 sq ft)[16] 800+ Largest shopping mall in North America
19 The Dubai Mall  United Arab Emirates Dubai 2008 350,000 m2 (3.767,37 sq ft) [convert: nomor tidak sah] 1,200 [17][18][19] The largest mall in the world by total area.
20 Berjaya Times Square[20]  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 2003 320,000 m2 (3.444,45 sq ft) 700,000 m2 (7.534,74 sq ft) 1,000+
21 Beijing Mall  China Beijing 2005 320,000 m2 (3.444,45 sq ft) 440,000 m2 (4.736,12 sq ft) 600
22 Future Park Rangsit  Thailand Pathum Thani 1995 280,000 m2 (3.013,89 sq ft) 500,000 m2 (5.381,96 sq ft) 900 The huge complex currently has 120,000 shoppers on weekdays and 150,000 on weekends.
23 Zhengjia Plaza (Grandview Mall)  China Guangzhou 2005 280,000 m2 (3.013,89 sq ft) 420,000 m2 (4.520,84 sq ft)
24 Centro Mayor  Colombia Bogota 2010 280,000 m2 (3.013,89 sq ft) 354+
25 Mal Artha Gading  Indonesia Jakarta 2004 270,000 m2 (2.906,26 sq ft)
26 SM City Cebu  Philippines Cebu City 1994 268,611 m2 (2.891,30 sq ft) 273,804 m2 (2.947,20 sq ft) 680 The average daily foot traffic reaches 140,000 to 150,000 on weekends as Cebu is a major transportation hub in the country.
27 Mall of Arabia[21]  Egypt 6th October City 2010 267,000 m2 (2.873,96 sq ft) 882,000 m2 (9.493,77 sq ft) 900 Features a hypermarket, cinema, car dealership, a centre dome food court, kid zone, and 2 furniture outlet stores.
28 King of Prussia Mall[22]  United States King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 1963 259,500 m2 (2.793,23 sq ft)[23] 327 Consists of two separate buildings making up the largest mall in the United States, even larger than Mall of America by 1,300 m2 (13,99 sq ft).
29 Mall of America  United States Bloomington, Minnesota 1992 258,200 m2 (2.779,24 sq ft)[24] 390,000 m2 (4.197,93 sq ft) 520 The ranking area does not include Nickelodeon Universe, a large indoor amusement park at the center of the mall, which would add an additional 131,800 m2 (1.418,68 sq ft), and make it the largest in North America and the 12th largest in the world.
30 Morocco Mall  Morocco Casablanca 2011 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft) 350+ The largest shopping centre in Morocco. It features a 1,000,000-litre cylinder shaped aquarium with a 360-degree view of the sea life, that contains over 40 different species of fish.
31 Aventura Mall  United States Aventura, Florida 1983 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft) 300+ Largest shopping mall in Florida.
32 Glorietta  Philippines Makati 1991 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft) 300+
33 Greenbelt  Philippines Makati 1991 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft) 300+ A complex of five buildings, namely Greenbelt 1, Greenbelt 2, Greenbelt 3, Greenbelt 4 and Greenbelt 5. With a vast garden in the middle, and the Greenbelt Chapel.
34 South Coast Plaza  United States Costa Mesa, California 1967 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft)[25] 286
35 Centro Comercial Santafé  Colombia Bogotá 2006 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft) 485
36 Centro Comercial Sambil  Venezuela Caracas 1999 250,000 m2 (2.690,98 sq ft) 500
37 Centro Comercial Aricanduva  Brazil São Paulo 1991 247,000 m2 (2.658,69 sq ft)[26] 425,000 m2 (4.574,66 sq ft)[26] 535
38 AEON Lake Town Centre  Japan Koshigaya, Saitama 2008 245,223 m2 (2.639,56 sq ft) 393,916 m2 (4.240,08 sq ft) 706
39 Del Amo Fashion Center  United States Torrance, California 1961 240,000 m2 (2.583,34 sq ft) 300+ Believed to be the largest shopping mall in the Western continental United States.
40 Robinsons Place Manila  Philippines Manila 1997 240,000 m2 (2.583,34 sq ft) 500+
41 Millcreek Mall  United States Erie, Pennsylvania 1975 240,000 m2 (2.583,34 sq ft)[27] 142
42 Super Brand Mall  China Shanghai 2005 240,000 m2 (2.583,34 sq ft)
43 SM Aura Premier  Philippines Taguig 2013 234,892 m2 (2.528,36 sq ft)
44 Mall of the Emirates  United Arab Emirates Dubai 2005 233,467 m2 (2.513,02 sq ft)

[28]

45 Dongfang Xin Tiandi (Oriental Plaza)  China Foshan 230,000 m2 (2.475,70 sq ft) 800,000 m2 (8.611,13 sq ft)
46 Grand Canyon Parkway  United States Las Vegas, Nevada 2003 230,000 m2 (2.475,70 sq ft)
47 Queensbay Mall  Malaysia Penang 2006 230,000 m2 (2.475,70 sq ft)
48 Aviapark  Russia Moscow 2014 230,000 m2 (2.475,70 sq ft) 390,000 m2 (4.197,93 sq ft) "Aviapark" is considered to be Europe's largest shopping mall per total area. It also has a 23 meter tall and 6 meter wide aquarium with seawater fish and animals built into the centerspace.
49 Sawgrass Mills  United States Sunrise, Florida 1990 221,472 m2 (2.383,90 sq ft) 300+
50 Destiny USA  United States Syracuse, New York 1990 221,472 m2 (2.383,90 sq ft) 300+
51 Gateway Theatre of Shopping  South Africa Durban 2001 220,000 m2 (2.368,06 sq ft)
[butuh rujukan] 		400+ Gateway was previously described as the largest mall in Africa before the completion of Morocco Mall in Casablanca, Morocco and Mall of Arabia in 6 October, Egypt respectively.
52 Unicenter (shopping)  Argentina Greater Buenos Aires 1988 220,000 m2 (2.368,06 sq ft)[29] 300+
53 Robinsons Galleria  Philippines Quezon City 1990 216,000 m2 (2.325,00 sq ft) 400+
54 Plaza Las Americas  Puerto Rico San Juan, Puerto Rico 1968 215,440 m2 (2.318,98 sq ft)[30] 300+ .[31][32]
55 Houston Galleria  United States Houston, Texas 1970 213,530 m2 (2.298,42 sq ft)[33] 375
56 Trafford Centre  United Kingdom Manchester 1998 207,000 m2 (2.228,13 sq ft) 280
57 SM City Dasmariñas  Philippines Dasmariñas 2004 206,231 m2 (2.219,85 sq ft) 400+ shops & dining The mall attracts a daily pedestrian count of 400,000 during weekends and 150,000 during weekdays.
58 Puerto Venecia  Spain Zaragoza 2012 206,000 m2 (2.217,37 sq ft)[34] 250+ This is the biggest open air lifestyle center in Europe. All activities are arranged around a man-made lagoon.
59 SM Southmall  Philippines Las Piñas 1995 205,120 m2 (2.207,89 sq ft) 400+ Underwent major renovations on 14 July 2011, including the addition of an IMAX theatre, a new south wing facade and a new north wing facade. The mall is the largest mall in the south of the Philippine national region.
60 Festival Supermall  Philippines Muntinlupa 1998 200,000 m2 (2.152,78 sq ft) The mall opened in the year 1997.[35]
61 Ala Moana Center  United States Honolulu, Hawaii 1959 200,000 m2 (2.152,78 sq ft) 310+ The mall opened in the year 1958. Largest open-air mall in the world.
62 Tysons Corner Center  United States McLean, Virginia 1968 200,000 m2 (2.152,78 sq ft)[36] 300+
63 AEON Bukit Tinggi Shopping Centre  Malaysia Klang 2007 200,000 m2 (2.152,78 sq ft) 200+
64 Plaza Lima Norte  Peru Lima 2009 200,000 m2 (2.152,78 sq ft) 350+
65 TriNoma  Philippines Quezon City 2007 195,000 m2 (2.098,96 sq ft) 550 Was dubbed as a super regional mall; more than 550 high-end shopping and retail establishments.[37]
66 Shopping City Süd  Austria Vienna 1976 192,500 m2 (2.072,05 sq ft)[38] 330+
67 SM City Fairview  Philippines Quezon City 1997 188,681 m2 (2.030,95 sq ft) 220,000 m2 (2.368,06 sq ft) 500 one of the largest shopping malls in Quezon City with over 500 shops and restaurants
68 Chadstone Shopping Centre  Australia Melbourne 1960 185,810 m2 (2.000,04 sq ft) 530+ The centre's owners have sought a further expansion to include a 180-room hotel and 15,000 m2 (161,46 sq ft) of offices, to take total floor space to 221,217 m2 (2.381,16 sq ft), including 156,924 m2 (1.689,12 sq ft) of shop floor space.
69 MEGA Belaya Dacha  Russia Kotelniki, Moscow Oblast 2007 182,622 m2 (1.965,73 sq ft) 300,000 m2 (3.229,17 sq ft) 330+ Consists of two buildings connected by a footbridge across the road
70 SM City San Lazaro  Philippines Manila 2005 181,593 m2 (1.954,65 sq ft) the largest shopping mall in the city of Manila
71 MetroCentre  United Kingdom Tyne and Wear 1986 180,000 m2 (1.937,50 sq ft) 530
73 Seacon Square  Thailand Bangkok 1994 180,000 m2 (1.937,50 sq ft) 500,000 m2 (5.381,96 sq ft) 400+ Yoyoland – Children's amusement park on top floor.
74 SM City Marikina  Philippines Marikina 2008 178,485 m2 (1.921,20 sq ft) 400+ the largest shopping mall in Marikina
75 Fashion Show Mall  United States Paradise, Nevada 1981 175,415 m2 (1.888,15 sq ft) 250
76 Westfield Stratford City  United Kingdom London 2011 175,000 m2 (1.883,68 sq ft) 350 The first large-scale use of Pavegen floor tiles to harness kinetic energy.[39] It is one of the biggest urban shopping centres in Western World. It is adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, East Village, London
77 Paradise Center  Bulgaria Sofia 2013 175,000 m2 (1.883,68 sq ft) 330+
78 MEGA Khimki  Russia Khimki, Moscow Oblast 2004 174,688 m2 (1.880,33 sq ft) 210,618 m2 (2.267,07 sq ft) 250+
79 Costanera Center  Chile Santiago 2012 172,800 m2 (1.860,00 sq ft) 700,000 m2 (7.534,74 sq ft) 330+ Includes 3 department stores, 2 Supermarkets, a retailer of home improvement and construction products and services, and a movie theatre. Adjacent to the tallest building in Latin America and second in the southern hemisphere.
80 SM City Bacolod  Philippines Bacolod City 2007 171,380 m2 (1.844,72 sq ft) 350+
81 Market! Market!  Philippines Taguig 2003 170,000 m2 (1.829,86 sq ft) 520 one of the largest shopping malls in Taguig City
82 SM City Manila  Philippines Manila 2000 167,812 m2 (1.806,31 sq ft) the 2nd largest shopping mall in the city of Manila
83 Metropolis at Metrotown  Canada Burnaby 1986 165,6466 m2 (1.783,005 sq ft)[40] 500
84 Central Bloc Mall  Philippines Cebu City 2017 164,178 m2 (1.767,20 sq ft)[41] 800+ Underwent major expansion in October 2008 and December 2013.
85 Vincom MegaMall Royal City  Vietnam Hanoi 2013 163,000 m2 (1.754,52 sq ft)[42] 230,000 m2 (2.475,70 sq ft) 200+ The largest shopping mall in Vietnam
86 Cairo Festival City[43]  Egypt New Cairo 2013 160,000 m2 (1.722,23 sq ft) 300+ Includes over 300 shops, 95 restaurants and cafés anchored by a 10,750 m2 (115,71 sq ft) Carrefour hypermarket and furniture flagship store IKEA as well as a multi-screen Cineplex.
87 Quicentro Sur Shopping  Ecuador Quito 2010 160,000 m2 (1.722,23 sq ft) 500 The mall is the largest shopping mall in Ecuador
88 LuLu International Shopping Mall  India Kochi 2013 160,000 m2 (1.722,23 sq ft)[44][45] 230,000 m2 (2.475,70 sq ft)[46][47][48][49] 360+ India's largest shopping mall.[46][47][48][49] Also has a five-star JW Marriott Hotel adjacent to it within the mall compound.
89 Select Citywalk  India Delhi 2007 158,840 m2 (1.709,74 sq ft) 150+
90 Mid Valley Megamall  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1995 158,000 m2 (1.700,70 sq ft)[50] 420,000 m2 (4.520,84 sq ft) 430+
91 SM City Cabanatuan  Philippines Cabanatuan 2015 154,020 m2 (1.657,86 sq ft) 300+ Largest shopping mall in Luzon north of Metro Manila
92 Bluewater  United Kingdom Kent 1999 154,000 m2 (1.657,64 sq ft) 330
93 Park Meadows  United States Lone Tree, Colorado 1996 150,000 m2 (1.614,59 sq ft) 160
94 Citystars  Egypt Cairo 2004 150,000 m2 (1.614,59 sq ft) 750,000 m2 (8.072,93 sq ft) 650+ The development includes two five-star hotels (InterContinental and Holiday Inn), a modern office tower, a sixteen-screen movie complex and two indoor amusement parks.
95 Jamuna Future Park  Bangladesh Dhaka 2013 150,000 m2 (1.614,59 sq ft)[51] 380,000 m2 (4.090,29 sq ft)[51] 430 South Asia's largest shopping mall. JW Marriott Hotel is also located within the complex.
96 Square One Shopping Centre  Canada Mississauga 1973 149,594 m2 (1.610,22 sq ft)[52] 360+ The largest shopping mall in the province of Ontario
97 Gradski Trgovski Centar  Macedonia Skopje 1973 149,531 m2 (1.609,54 sq ft)[53] 400+ The largest shopping mall in Macedonia
98 SM Lanang Premier  Philippines Davao City 2012 145,450 m2 (1.565,61 sq ft) 640,000 m2 (6.888,90 sq ft) 300 The largest shopping mall in the region of Mindanao
99 Park Handlowy Bielany  Poland Bielany Wrocławskie 1996 145,000 m2 (1.560,77 sq ft) 170,000 m2 (1.829,86 sq ft) The mall is the largest shopping mall in Poland
100 SM City Clark  Philippines Angeles City, Pampanga 2006 142,585 m2 (1.534,77 sq ft) 420 the largest shopping mall in Pampanga.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Fich, Naima (5 May 2012). "Emporis: February 7, 2012 – List of the Top 10 World's Largest Shopping Mall" (PDF). 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Jevtic, Aleksandar (2015-08-26). "15 Biggest Malls in the World - Insider Monkey". InsiderMonkey.com. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-04. 
  3. ^ "Securities and Exchange Commission SRC Form 17-A" (PDF). SM Prime. April 17, 2014. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  4. ^ Loyola, James (14 December 2015). "SM North EDSA: SM's first and biggest shopping mall after 30 years". Manila Bulletin. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2016. 
  5. ^ Tantuco, Vernise (27 November 2015). "Touring the new SM Seaside City Cebu, PH 3rd biggest mall". Rappler. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2016. 
  6. ^ "SM Megamall undergoing P1.5 B expansion". Rappler. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2013. 
  7. ^ article1article4 article7
  8. ^ article2 article5 article6
  9. ^ Mall Designer's websitePublic Directory
  10. ^ "Mall List Mall of Asia". SM Prime. Diakses tanggal 12 April 2014. 
  11. ^ "Siam Paragon". Bangkok.com. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  12. ^ "About the Avenues". The Avenues. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  13. ^ "The Avenues Phase III". Pace. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  14. ^ "Mabanee Company Report" (PDF). Mabanee. 29 April 2010. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  15. ^ "Full of confidence". The Report: Kuwait 2012. Oxford Business Group. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  16. ^ "About WEM: Overview". West Edmonton Mall. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  17. ^ "Dubai Mall". Diakses tanggal 14 January 2008. 
  18. ^ "Zawya – The Dubai Mall". Diakses tanggal 6 December 2008. 
  19. ^ "Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum formally opens the Dubai Mall". Diakses tanggal 12 May 2009. 
  20. ^ "Berjaya Times Square info page". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 February 2008. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2008. 
  21. ^ "Cairo Festival City" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2015-11-23. 
  22. ^ "International Council of Shopping Centers: King of Prussia Mall". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 September 2007. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2008. [pranala nonaktif]
  23. ^ "International Council of Shopping Centers". ICSC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 July 2011. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2012. 
  24. ^ "ICSC DMM Display". Icsc.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 December 2015. 
  25. ^ "ICSC DMM Display". Icsc.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 October 2012. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2012. 
  26. ^ a b "Centro Comercial Aricanduva". Abrasce. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2011. 
  27. ^ "ICSC DMM Display". Icsc.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 January 2001. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2012. 
  28. ^ Mall of the Emirates. "Shopping's never been better!, Mall of the Emirates". malloftheemirates.com. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2015. 
  29. ^ source: Official website
  30. ^ "About Plaza". Plaza Las Americas. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  31. ^ Costa, Dennis (27 July 2013). "Plaza Las Américas looking to build hotel on mall grounds". Caribbean Business. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  32. ^ D?az, Marian (1 March 2013). "Sports Authority llegar? a Plaza Las Américas". El Nuevo D?a. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  33. ^ International Council of Shopping Centers: The Galleria |(Houston), accessed 5 April 2012 Diarsipkan 20010109055200 di www.icsc.org Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal
  34. ^ "Spain's biggest store signs for Puerto Venecia" (Siaran pers). British Land. 24 January 2007. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  35. ^ [1] Mall opening
  36. ^ International Council of Shopping Centers: Tysons Corner Center, accessed 28 August 2007 Diarsipkan 20010116233000 di www.icsc.org Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal
  37. ^ "TriNoma". myAyalaMalls. Diakses tanggal 9 February 2013. 
  38. ^ "Geschichte". Shopping City Süd. Diakses tanggal April 6, 2014. 
  39. ^ Cotter, Molly (29 September 2011). "Kinetic Energy Generating Pavegen Floor Tiles Will Harvest Footsteps to Light UK Shopping Center". http://inhabitat.com. Diakses tanggal 30 September 2011.  Hapus pranala luar di parameter |publisher= (bantuan)
  40. ^ "Metropolis at Metrotown I & II: Quick Facts". Ivanhoe Cambridge. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-28. 
  41. ^ After expansion
  42. ^ "Vincom Mega Mall". Vincom Shopping Mall. 14 August 2013. 
  43. ^ "Cairo Festival City" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2015-11-23. 
  44. ^ "LuLu opens its first mall in India at Kochi, Kerala". IndiaRetailing.com. 12 March 2013. 
  45. ^ "LuLu opens its first mall in India". PressDisplay.com. 10 May 2013. 
  46. ^ a b "Kochi boasts of India's biggest shopping mall – Lulu Shopping Mall". Times of India. 11 March 2013. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013. 
  47. ^ a b "Biggest shopping mall in India opens in Kochi". The New Indian Express. 10 March 2013. 
  48. ^ a b "India's biggest shopping mall opens in Kochi". The Hindu. 11 March 2013. 
  49. ^ a b "Kochi boasts of Asia's largest shopping mall". Deccan Chronicle. 10 March 2013. 
  50. ^ "A MODEL OF RETAIL EXCELLENCE". IGB REIT. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2016. 
  51. ^ a b ".: Jamuna Future Park || The Biggest Shopping Mall in South Asia !". jamunafuturepark.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-20. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-03. 
  52. ^ "Square One Shopping Centre". Oxford Properties. 26 January 2014. 
  53. ^ [2], retrieved 03 August 2015

Templat:SE

Why

Geografi Djibouti
[[Berkas: 

 |px|Djibouti]]
BenuaAfrica
KawasanHorn of Africa
WilayahPeringkat 150th
23,200 km² (Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal. mil²)
Perbatasan510 km
  Ethiopia 337 km
  Eritrea 113 km
  Somalia 60 km
Titik tertinggiMousa Ali Volcano
2,028 m
Titik terendahLac Assal, −155 m

Djibouti is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. To the east is its coastline on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Rainfall is sparse, and most of the territory has a semi-arid or arid environment. Djibouti's major settlements include the capital Djibouti City, the port towns of Tadjoura and Obock, and the southern cities of Ali Sabieh and Dikhil. It is the 151st largest country in the world by land area, covering a total of 23,200 km2, of which 23,180 km2 is land and 20 km2 is water.[1]

Location

Djibouti shares 125 kilometer (78 mi) of border with Eritrea, 342 kilometer (213 mi) with Ethiopia, and 61 kilometer (38 mi) with Somalia (total 528 km or 328 mi). It has a strategic location on the Horn of Africa and the Bab el Mandeb, along a route through the Red Sea and Suez Canal. Djibouti's coastline serves as a commercial gateway between the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn region's interior. The country is also the terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia.

Physiographic regions

Djibouti can be divided into three physiographic regions

  1. The Northern Mountains
  2. Danakil Depression
  3. Grand Bara
 
The Goda Mountains

Mountains

A great arc of mountains, consisting of the Mousa Ali, Goda Mountains, and Arrei Mountains surrounds Djibouti.

Djibouti has eight mountain ranges with peaks of over 1,000 m (3,281 ft).[2]

  • The Mousa Ali range is considered the country's highest mountain range, with the tallest peak on the border with Ethiopia and Eritrea. It has an elevation of 2,028 m.[2]
  • The Goda Mountains lie northwest of the Gulf of Tadjoura in Tadjoura Region. They rise to 1,750 m (5,740 ft) above sea level and are the nation's largest heavily vegetated area.
  • Garbi is a mountain in the west of Tadjourah Region. It has an elevation of 1680 metres (5,512 ft).
  • The Arrei Mountains are in the southern Ali Sabieh Region. The mountain range has an elevation of 1,301 metres (4,268 ft) above sea level, and is situated near the border with Ethiopia.
  • The Mabla Mountains are located in Obock Region. At 1780 m (5850 ft) above sea level, the mountains are situated behind the coastal plain where the Red Sea meets the Gulf of Aden, on the northern side of the Gulf of Tadjoura.
  • The Dagouein Mountain sit at an elevation of 1,124 m (3,688 ft) above sea level.
  • Hemed is a mountain in the western part of the Arta Region in south-central Djibouti. The summit is 1,103 metres (3,619 ft) above sea level.
  • The Boura Mountains' highest peak has an elevation of 1037 m (3,402 ft. The ecology of this landform is semi-desert. The altitude and size of the range affects its weather, with precipitation levels varying greatly and climatic conditions consisting of distinct zones.

Grand Bara

 
Grand Bara Desert

The Grand Bara Desert covers parts of South Djibouti in Arta Region, Ali Sabieh Region and Dikhil Region. The majority of the Grand Bara Desert lies at a relatively low elevation, below 1,700 feet (560 m). Home of the popular Grand Bara footrace.

Coasts

Most of Djibouti has been described as part of the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands ecoregion. The exception is a strip along the Red Sea coast, which is part of the Eritrean coastal desert; it is noted as an important migration route for birds of prey.[3]

Djibouti Regions

The area of the regions of Djibouti is set out in the table below.

 
Map of the regions of Djibouti.
Rank Name Area
1 Dikhil Region 7,200 km²
2 Tadjourah Region 7,100 km²
3 Obock Region 4,700 km²
4 Ali Sabieh Region 2,200 km²
5 Arta Region 1,800 km²
6 Djibouti Region 200 km²

Climate

 
Topography of Djibouti

There is not much seasonal variation in Djibouti's climate. Hot conditions prevail year-round along with winter rainfall. Mean daily maximum temperatures range from 32 to 41 °C (90 to 106 °F), except at high elevations. In Djibouti city, for instance, afternoon highs in April typically range from 28 °C (82 °F) to 34 °C (93 °F) in April. Nationally, mean daily minima generally vary between sites from about 15 to 30 °C (59 to 86 °F). The greatest range in climate occurs in eastern Djibouti, where temperatures sometimes surpass 41 °C (106 °F) in July on the littoral plains and fall below freezing point during December in the highlands. In this region, relative humidity ranges from about 40% in the mid-afternoon to 85% at night, changing somewhat according to the season.

Djibouti's climate ranges from arid in the northeastern coastal regions to semiarid in the central, northern, western and southern parts of the country. On the eastern seaboard, annual rainfall is less than 5 inches (131 mm); in the central highlands, it is about 8 to 11 inches (200 to 300 mm). Although the coastal regions are hot and humid throughout the year, the hinterland is typically hot and dry. The climate conditions are highly variable within the country and vary locally by altitude. Summers are very humid along the coast but dry in the highlands. Heat waves are frequent. Annual precipitation amounts vary greatly from one year to another. In general, rain falls more frequently and extensively in the mountains. Sudden and brutal storms are also known to occur. Wadis turn for a few hours into raging torrents tearing everything in their path, and their course is regularized[butuh klarifikasi]. Rainwater serves as an additional water supply for livestock and plants alongside seasonal watercourses.

The climate of the interior shows notable differences from the coastline. Especially when one rises, the temperature is pleasant: it is so in Arta, Randa and Day (where temperatures of 10 ° have been recorded).

Climate charts of different locations in Djibouti

Djibouti city
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
10
 
29
22
 
 
19
 
29
23
 
 
20
 
30
24
 
 
29
 
32
25
 
 
17
 
35
27
 
 
0.1
 
39
29
 
 
6.2
 
42
31
 
 
5.6
 
41
31
 
 
3.1
 
37
29
 
 
20
 
33
26
 
 
22
 
31
23
 
 
11
 
29
22
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: BBC Weather
Arta
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
29
 
25
16
 
 
25
 
25
17
 
 
24
 
27
18
 
 
29
 
29
21
 
 
14
 
33
24
 
 
1
 
37
27
 
 
11
 
38
26
 
 
22
 
36
26
 
 
16
 
34
26
 
 
11
 
30
21
 
 
37
 
27
18
 
 
14
 
25
16
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data
Dikhil
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
7
 
29
19
 
 
7
 
30
21
 
 
9
 
32
23
 
 
21
 
34
25
 
 
8
 
37
27
 
 
3
 
40
29
 
 
23
 
39
27
 
 
37
 
38
26
 
 
25
 
37
28
 
 
4
 
34
24
 
 
6
 
31
21
 
 
2
 
29
19
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data
Randa
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
39
 
24
14
 
 
36
 
24
15
 
 
20
 
26
16
 
 
27
 
28
18
 
 
12
 
31
21
 
 
7
 
34
24
 
 
25
 
35
23
 
 
38
 
34
23
 
 
40
 
32
22
 
 
13
 
29
18
 
 
37
 
26
16
 
 
31
 
24
14
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data
Tadjoura
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
11
 
29
22
 
 
9
 
29
23
 
 
16
 
31
25
 
 
12
 
33
26
 
 
8
 
36
29
 
 
1
 
40
32
 
 
4
 
42
31
 
 
18
 
41
31
 
 
8
 
38
31
 
 
13
 
34
27
 
 
25
 
31
24
 
 
20
 
30
23
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data
Ali Sabieh
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
17
 
26
16
 
 
11
 
26
18
 
 
14
 
29
20
 
 
20
 
31
22
 
 
9
 
34
24
 
 
4
 
37
27
 
 
19
 
37
25
 
 
34
 
36
25
 
 
26
 
35
26
 
 
9
 
31
21
 
 
14
 
29
19
 
 
6
 
27
17
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data
Guelile
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
17
 
26
16
 
 
10
 
27
18
 
 
14
 
29
19
 
 
27
 
31
21
 
 
10
 
34
24
 
 
3
 
37
26
 
 
23
 
37
25
 
 
43
 
36
24
 
 
30
 
33
24
 
 
9
 
30
20
 
 
14
 
27
18
 
 
6
 
26
16
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data
Airolaf
Tabel iklim (penjelasan)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
34
 
22
11
 
 
37
 
23
12
 
 
33
 
25
13
 
 
45
 
26
15
 
 
24
 
29
17
 
 
13
 
32
20
 
 
49
 
31
20
 
 
70
 
31
19
 
 
56
 
30
19
 
 
16
 
27
15
 
 
32
 
24
13
 
 
22
 
22
12
Suhu rata-rata maks. dan min. dalam °C
Total presipitasi dalam mm
Sumber: Climate-Data

Selected elevations of notable locations

 
Arta Mountains
Location Region Elevation
(feet) 		Elevation
(metres)
Mousa Ali Tadjourah 6,631 ft 2,021 m
Goda Mountains Tadjourah 5,840 ft 1,780 m
Garbi Tadjourah 5,512 ft 1,680 m
Arrei Mountains Ali Sabieh 4,268 ft 1,301 m
Mabla Mountains Obock 3,921 ft 1,195 m
Dagouein Mountain Ali Sabieh 3,688 ft 1,124 m
Hemed Arta 3,619 ft 1,103 m
Boura Mountains Ali Sabieh 3,402 ft 1,037 m
Arta Mountains Arta 2,477 ft 755 m
Lake Assal Tadjourah  – 509 ft  – 155 m

Lake Assal is the lowest point in Africa (the second lowest is the Qattara Depression in Northern Egypt).

Environment

 
Grazing camels

Natural hazards include earthquakes, drought, and occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean, which bring heavy rains, and flash floods. Natural resources include geothermal energy. Inadequate supplies of potable water, limited arable land and desertification are current issues.

Djibouti is a party to international agreements on biodiversity, climate change, desertification, endangered species, Law of the Sea, ozone layer protection, ship pollution, and wetlands.

Maritime claims

  • territorial sea: 12 mil laut (22,2 km; 13,8 mi)
  • contiguous zone: 24 mil laut (44,4 km; 27,6 mi)
  • exclusive economic zone: 200 mil laut (370,4 km; 230,2 mi)

Extreme points

This is a list of the extreme points of Djibouti, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

References

  1. ^ "Djibouti". The World Factbook. CIA. April 16, 2015. Diakses tanggal April 15, 2015. 
  2. ^ a b Highest Mountains in Djibouti
  3. ^ "Eritrean coastal desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. 

Templat:Djibouti topics Templat:Geography of Africa

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