Hadhrami
divisi dari etnis Arab
Orang Hadhrami (bahasa Arab: حضرمي, satuan) atau Hadharem (bahasa Arab: الحضارم, jamak.) adalah sekelompok penduduk nomaden yang berasal dari wilayah Hadhramaut, Yaman dan keturunan mereka membuat suatu komunitas diaspora di seluruh dunia. Mereka menggunakan Bahasa Arab Hadhrami, yangtermasuk kedalam bahasa Semitik cebang dari keluarga bahasa Afro-Asiatik.
 Imigran Hadhrami di Surabaya, 1920 | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa | |
| Bahasa Arab Hadhrami, (Urdu atau Tamil Asia Selatan, Melayu dan Indonesia di Asia Tenggara, Swahili di Afrika Timur) | |
| Agama | |
| Islam (Sunni, Syafi'i, Sufi), Kekristenan dan Yudaisme | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Orang Arab, Arab-Indonesia |
Diaspora
Orang Hadhrami menyebar melalui Samudera Hindia dari tanduk Afrika ke pantai Swahil, hingga Pantai Malabar dan Hyderabad di India Selatan, Sri Lanka ke Asia Tenggara.[1]. Komunitas Hadhrami juga dapat ditemui di pesisir Arab Saudi, tepatnya di kota Jeddah.[2][3][4] [5] Beberapa komuntas Hadhrami juga dilaporkan muncul di Mozambik dan Madagaskar.[6]
Hadhrami Yahudi
Dahulu wilayah Hadhramaut merupakan wilayah kekuasaan Yahudi. Orang-orang Yahudi Hadhrami sekarang pindah dan menetap di Israel.[7]
Bahasa
Masyarakat Hadhrami mempertuturkan bahasa Arab Hadhrami, sebuah bahasa dari cabang Afro-Asiatik dan bahasa Semitik, walaupun orang-orang yang telah pindah dan membentuk komunitas diaspora mempertuturkan bahasa lokal dimana tempat mereka tinggal.
Komunitas diaspora
- Moor Sri Lanka[8]
- Arab Indonesia
- Arab Malaysia
- Arab Singapura
- Chaush, di India
- Sodagar (Syekh dari Gujarat)
- Labbay
- Yahudi Hadrami di Israel dan sekitarnya
- Orang Lemba
- Nawayath dan Barkas, Hyderabad di India
- Arab India
- Gujarat, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Surat, Ahmedabad, Baroda. Semuanya merupakan tempat dimana komunitas Hadhrami berada.
Tokoh Hadrami
Pantai Swahili
- Awadh Saleh Sherman, Kenya, pebisnis
- Najib Balala, Kenya, anggota parlemen
- Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, presiden Komoro
- Habib Salih, Lamu, Kenya, cendekiawan agama
- Khalid Mohammed Omar Binsilim, Kenya, pebisnis.
Afrika Utara
Tanduk Afrika
- Mohammed Al Amoudi, Ethiopia, pebisnis
India
Gujarat Bin Husaini, Harthi , Al Hamad, Al Amudi, Al Maheali, Al jufri, Al Attas, Al Adroos, Banafa, Bahadad, ofthani, Magrebi, Rehan, Bajuba, Al kasiri, Al Kathiri., Ba Musa, Yafai. Nehdi, Laheji, Bahajaj, Yamni, Bagaut, Makki, Binishag, Binnaubi, Jafai, Tamimi, Al Rumi, BaSalam, Bahalwan, Harsi
Indonesia
- Abdurrahman Baswedan, jurnalis
- Abu Bakar Bashir, pendiri Jamaah Islamiyah
- Ali Alatas, mantan Menteri Luar Negeri
- Alwi Shihab, mantan Menteri Luar Negeri
- Anies Baswedan, sarjana
- Fadel Muhammad al-Haddar, Menteri Kemaritiman dan Perikanan
- Fuad Hassan, menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan
- Hamid Algadri, Pahlawan Revolusi Indonesia
- Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier, pemimpin agama
- Habib Ali al-Habshi Kwitang, pemimpin Agama
- Habib Munzir Al-Musawa, anggota golongan wali
- Habib Rizieq Shihab, pendiri FPI
- Habib Usman bin Yahya, Mufti Batavia
- Jafar Umar Thalib, pendiri Lasykar Jihad
- Sultan Badaruddin II, sultan Palembang
- Munir Said Thalib Al-Kathiri, aktivis HAM
- Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Quraish Shihab, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Raden Saleh, seniman/pelukis
- Said Naum, filantropis
- Sunan Ampel, Wali dari Sufi
- Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus, pemimpin agama
Timor Leste
- Mari Alkatiri, mantan Perdana Menteri
Malaysia
- Habib Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad, Mufti Johor Bahru
- Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, filsafat
- Syed Hussein Alatas, politikus dan sosiologis
- Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, penulis
- Syed Hamid Albar, politikus
- Syed Jaafar Albar, politikus
- Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah, hakim
- Syarif Masahor, pejuang
- Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary pebisnis
- Syed Nasir Ismail, politikus
- Tun Habib Abdul Majid
- Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Gubernur Bank Sentral
- Keluarga Jamalullail (Perak)
- Keluarga Jamalullail (Perlis)
Singapura
- Syed Mohamed Alsagoff, saudagar
- Syed Mohamed Syed Ahmad Alsagoff, pemimpin militer
- Syed Sharif Omar bin Ali Al Junied, saudagar. Namanya digunakan dalam nama jalan, yaitu Aljunied Road[9]
Asia Selatan
- General El Edroos
- Salam Masdoosi, Hyderabad, India
- Sulaiman Areeb, Hyderabad, India, penyair
- Awaz Sayeed, Hyderabad, India, penyair dan Penulis Urdu
- Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi, Pakistan
- Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Shah Jalal, Bangladesh, Wali dari Sufi
- Shah Paran, Bangladesh, Wali dari Sufi
- Subhani ba Yunus, Pakistan, aktor
Arab Saudi
- bin Laden family
- Mohammed Al Amoudi, pebisnis
Yaman
- Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri, politikus
- Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf, aktivis HAM
- Faisal Bin Shamlan, politikus
- Habib Ali al-Jifri, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Habib Umar bin Hafiz, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Habib Abdullah bin Alwi al-Haddad, Sufi Wali
- Imam Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam, pendiri Ba'alawi Sufi
- Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (Wali)
Lihat pula
Catatan
- ^ Ho, Engseng. 2006. Graves of Tarim. University of California Press. Berkeley. passim
- ^ Jean-François Seznec The Financial Markets of the Arabian Gulf, Routledge, 1987
- ^ Cassanelli, Lee V. (1973). "The Benaadir past: essays in southern Somali history". University of Wisconsin: 24.
- ^ Gavin, R. J. (1975). Aden under British rule, 1839–1967. London: Hurst. hlm. 198. ISBN 0-903983-14-1.
- ^ Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
- ^ Francoise Le Guennec, Changing Patterns of Hadhrami Migration and Social Integration in East Africa in Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997, pg 165
- ^ http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/arabia.html
- ^ http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/muslims/moors.htm
- ^ "Arab trader's role in Singapore landmark". The Straits Times. 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2016.
Referensi
Bacaan lanjutan
- Leif Manger, The Hadrami Diaspora: Community-building on the Indian Ocean Rim, Berghahn Books, 2010
- Omar Khulaidi, The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad in Mediaeval Deccan History, eds Kulkarni, Naeem and de Souza, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1996
- Leif Manger, Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers, Asian Journal of Social Science, Volume 35, Numbers 4-5, 2007, pp. 405–433(29)
- Engseng Ho, The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean, University of California Press, 2006
- Ababu Minda Yimene, An African Indian community in Hyderabad, Cuvillier Verlag, 2004, pg 201
- Natalie Mobini-Kesheh, The Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indies, 1900-1942, SEAP Publications, 1999
- Anne K. Bang, Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925, Routledge, 2003
- AHMED BIN SALAM BAHIYAL who came from hadramaut to MAHABUBNAGAR ( HYDERABAD ) INDIA
- Linda Boxberger, On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s, SUNY Press, 2002
- Ulrike Freitag, Hadhramaut: A Religious Centre for the Indian Ocean in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries?, Studia Islamica, No. 89 (1999), pp. 165–183
- The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Identity Maintenance or Assimilation?, edited by Ahmed Ibrahim Abushouk and Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, BRILL, 2009
- A Hadrami Diaspora in the Sudan in Diasporas Within and Without Africa: Dynamism, Hetereogeneity, Variation edited by Leif O. Manger and Munzoul A. M. Assal, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006, pg 61
- Abdullah Hassan Al-Saqqaf, The Linguistics of Loanwords in Hadrami Arabic, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Volume 9, Issue 1 January 2006, pages 75 – 93
- Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997
- Frode F. Jacobsen, Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia, Taylor & Francis, 2009
- Patricia W. Romero, Lamu: History, Society, and Family in an East African Port City, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997, pp 93 – 108, 167- 184
- Mona Abaza, M. Asad Shahab: A Portrait of an Indonesian Hadrami Who Bridged the Two Worlds in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 250 – 274
- Jonathan Miran, Red Sea Translocals: Hadrami Migration, Entrepreneurship, and Strategies of Integration in Eritrea, 1840s-1970s, Northeast African Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2012, pp. 129–168.
- Ulrike Freitag, From Golden Youth in Arabia to Business Leaders in Singapore: Instructions of a Hadrami Patriarch in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 235 – 249
- Talib, Ameen, Hadramis in Singapore, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, vol 17 no. 1 (April 1997): 89- 97 (UK).
- Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, The Role of Hadramis in Post-Second World War Singapore - A Reinterpretation, Immigrants & Minorities, Volume 25, Issue 2 July 2007, pages 163 - 183
- Iain Walker, Hadramis, Shimalis and Muwalladin: Negotiating Cosmopolitan Identities between the Swahili Coast and Southern Yemen, Journal of Eastern African Studies, Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2008, pages 44 – 59
- Shanti Sadiq Ali, The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times, Orient Blackswan, 1996, pp 193–202
- Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah (2012) "Arabic Literature in Diaspora: an Example from South Asia" in: Rizio Yohannan Raj (ed.): Quest of a Discipline: New Academic Directions for Comparative Literature (Cambridge University Press, India) doi:10.1017/CBO9788175969346.018