Winston Churchill sebagai penulis
Winston Churchill, selain berkarir menjadi prajurit dan politikus, merupakan seorang penulis terkenal dengan nama pena "Winston S. Churchill". Setelah masuk 4th Queen's Own Hussars pada 1895, Churchill diberi ijin untuk mengamati Perang Kemerdekaan Kuba, dan mengirim laporan-laporan perang kepada The Daily Graphic. Ia melanjutkan jurnalisme perangnya di India Britania, di Pengepungan Malakand, kemudian di Sudan pada Perang Mahdist dan di selatan Afrika pada Perang Boer Kedua.
Karya-karya fiksi Churchill meliputi satu novel dan sebuah cerita, namun karya-karya utamanya terdiri dari non-fiksi. Setelah ia terpilih menjadi anggota parlemen, lebih dari 130 pidatonya atau jawaban parlementernya juga diterbitkan dalam pamflet-pamflet atau buklet-buklet; beberapa kemudian diterbitkan dalam edisi terkoleksi. Churchill meraih Nobel Kesusastraan pada 1953 "atas keandalan deskripsi sejarah dan biografi buatannya serta atas penyampaian brilian dalam mempertahankan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan".[1]
Karir menulis
Non-fiksi
Judul[2][3][4][5][6] | Tahun publikasi pertama |
Penerbit edisi pertama | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
The Story of the Malakand Field Force | 1898 | Longman, London | |
The River War | 1899 | Longman, London | Disunting oleh Kolonel Francis Rhodes; dua volume; dikeluarkan ulang pada 1901sebagai karya tunggal |
London to Ladysmith via Pretoria | 1900 | Longman, London & New York | |
Ian Hamilton's March | 1900 | Longman, London & New York | |
Lord Randolph Churchill | 1906 | Macmillan Publishers, London | Dua volume |
My African Journey | 1908 | Hodder & Stoughton, London | |
The World Crisis | 1923-31 | Butterworth, London | Enam volume; dihimpun dan direvisi dalam satu volume pada tahun 1931 1 1911–1914 (1923) |
My Early Life | 1930 | Butterworth, London | Diterbitkan di AS dengan judul A Roving Commission: My Early Life |
Thoughts and Adventures | 1932 | Butterworth, London | Diterbitkan di AS dengan judul Amid These Storms |
Marlborough: His Life and Times | 1933-38 | Butterworth, London | Empat volume |
Great Contemporaries | 1937 | Butterworth, London | Edisi yang diperbesar dan direvisi diterbitkan pada 1938 |
The Second World War | 1948-53 | Cassell, London | Enam volume, terdiri dari: 1 The Gathering Storm (1948) |
Painting as a Pastime | 1948 | Odhams Press, London | |
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples | 1956-58 | Cassell, London | Empat volume, terdiri dari: 1 The Birth of Britain (1956) |
Fiksi
Judul[2][7] | Tahun penerbitan pertama |
Penerbit edisi pertama | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Savrola | 1900 | Longman, London | Novel; pertama kali muncul dalam bentuk serial pada Macmillan's Magazine 1898–1900 |
The Dream | 1947 | Longman, New York | Cerita pendek |
Kumpulan pidato
Terdapat sekitar 135 buklet yang diterbitkan dari pidato-pidato individual Churchill, yang meliputi "Mr Winston Churchill on the Education Bill" (1902), "The Fiscal Puzzle: Both Sides Explained by Leading Men'" (1903), "Why I am a Free Trader" (1905) dan "Prisons and Prisoners" (1910); berikut ini adaah pidato-pidato yang diterbitkan dalam bentuk koleksi.[8][9]
Judul[2][3][4][8] | Tahun penerbitan pertama |
Penerbit edisi pertama | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Mr Broderick's Army | 1903 | Humphreys, London | |
For Free Trade | 1906 | Humphreys, London | |
Liberalism and the Social Problem | 1909 | Hodder & Stoughton, London | |
The People's Rights | 1910 | Hodder & Stoughton, London | |
Parliamentary Government and the Economic Problem | 1930 | The Clarendon Press, Oxford | |
India: Speeches and an Introduction | 1931 | Butterworth, London | |
Arms and the Covenant | 1938 | George G. Harrap and Co., London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill; Diterbitkan di AS dengan judul While England Slept |
Step by Step: 1936–1939 | 1939 | Butterworth, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill |
Addresses Delivered | 1940 | Ransohoffs, San Francisco | |
Into Battle | 1941 | Butterworth, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill; Diterbitkan di AS dengan judul Blood, Sweat and Tears |
Broadcast Addresses | 1941 | Ransohoffs, San Francisco | |
The Unrelenting Struggle | 1942 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade |
The End of the Beginning | 1943 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade |
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister | 1943 | British Information Services, New York | |
Onwards to Victory | 1944 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade |
The Dawn of Liberation | 1945 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade |
Victory | 1946 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade |
Secret Sessions Speeches | 1946 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade; Diterbitkan di AS dengan judul Winston Churchill's Secret Sessions Speeches |
War Speeches | 1946 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh F B Czarnomskí |
World Spotlight Turns on Westminster | 1946 | Westminster College, Fulton, MO | |
The Sinews of Peace | 1948 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill |
Europe Unite: Speeches 1947 and 1948 | 1950 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill |
In the Balance: Speeches 1949 and 1950 | 1951 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill |
The War Speeches | 1952 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Charles Eade |
Stemming the Tide: Speeches 1951 and 1952 | 1953 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill |
The Wisdom of Sir Winston Churchill | 1956 | Allen & Unwin, London | |
The Unwritten Alliance: Speeches 1953 and 1959 | 1961 | Cassell, London | Disunting oleh Randolph Churchill |
Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches | 1974 | Chelsea House, New York | Disunting oleh Robert Rhodes James |
Serba-serbi
Judul[2][3][4][8] | Tahun publikasi pertama |
Penerbit edisi pertama | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
Charles, IXth Duke of Marlborough, KG Tributes by Rt Hon W Spencer-Churchill and C C Martindale | 1934 | Burns, Oates & Co, London | With C C Martindale; dicetak ulang dari The Times |
Maxims and Reflections | 1948 | Eyre & Spottiswoode, London | Koleksi; direvisi dan diperbesar pada 1954 dengan judul Sir Winston Churchill: A Self-Portrait |
The Eagle Book of Adventure Stories | 1950 | Hulton Press, London | Dengan orang lain |
King George VI: The Prime Minister's Broadcast, February 7, 1952 | 1952 | A J St Onge, Worcester, MA | |
Winston Churchill's Anti-Depression Proposal to Halt Inflation, Stabilize Prosperity, and Insure Full Freedom | 1958 | Public Revenue Education Council, St. Louis, MO | |
Churchill: His Paintings | 1967 | Hamish Hamilton, London | Dikompilasikan oleh David Coombs dan Minnie Churchill (kemudian Mary Soames) |
The Roar of the Lion | 1969 | Allan Wingate, London | |
Joan of Arc | 1969 | Dodd, Mead and Company, New York | |
Winston Churchill on America and Britain: A Selection of His Thoughts on America and Britain | 1970 | Walker | Dimajukan oleh Nyonya Churchill |
If It Had Happened Otherwise | 1972 | Sidgwick and Jackson, London | Dengan orang lain |
Young Winston's Wars: The Original Dispatches of Winston S. Churchill, War Correspondent, 1897–1900 | 1972 | Sphere Books, London | |
Great Issues 71: A Forum on Important Questions Facing the American Public | 1972 | Troy State University, Troy, AL | Dengan John Glubb |
If I Live My Life Again | 1974 | W H Allen, London | |
The Collected Poems of Sir Winston Churchill | 1981 | Sun & Moon Press, College Park, MD | Dikoleksi dan disunting oleh F. John Herbert |
Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence | 1984 | Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ | Disunting dengan komentar dari Warren F. Kimball |
Memories and Adventures | 1989 | Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London | |
Winston Churchill and Emery Reves: Correspondence, 1937–1964 | 1997 | University of Texas Press, Austin, TX | |
Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill | 1998 | Doubleday, London | Disunting oleh Mary Soames |
Catatan dan referensi
Catatan
Referensi
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953". Nobel Media. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill". Contemporary Authors. Gale. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2016. (perlu berlangganan)
- ^ a b c Kitzan 1990, hlm. 83–85.
- ^ a b c Kitzan 2007, hlm. 327–29.
- ^ Thomas 1986, hlm. 11.
- ^ Nudd 1990, hlm. 12.
- ^ Barrett 2000, hlm. 43–44.
- ^ a b c Thomas 1987, hlm. 12.
- ^ Kitzan 2007, hlm. 327.
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- Addison, Paul (2004). "Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer (1874–1965)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32413. Diakses tanggal 6 April 2016. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan
- Baker, Anne Pimlott (2004). "Eade, Charles Stanley (1903–1964)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56750. Diakses tanggal 6 April 2016. berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan
- Barrett, Buckley Barry (2000). Churchill: A Concise Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31450-6.
- Jenkins, Roy (2012). Churchill. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-330-47607-2.
- Johnson, Paul (2009). Churchill. London: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02105-5.
- Kitzan, Laurence (1990). "Sir Winston Churchill". Dalam Beum, Robert. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Modern British Essayists. Detroit: Gale Research. ISBN 978-0-8103-4580-5.
- Kitzan, Laurence (2007). "Sir Winston Churchill". Dalam Bruccoli, Darren. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature. Detroit: Gale Research. ISBN 978-1-4144-2863-5.
- Nudd, Kevin (June 1990). "Winston Churchill's Early Books". The Book and Magazine Collector. Diamond Publishing Group (75).
- Thomas, David A (February 1986). "The Historical Works of Sir Winston Churchill". The Book and Magazine Collector. Diamond Publishing Group (24).
- Thomas, David A (January 1987). "The Speeches of Sir Winston Churchill". The Book and Magazine Collector. Diamond Publishing Group (34).
- Wenden, D J (1993). "Churchill, Radio, and Cinema". Dalam Blake, Robert B; Louis, William Roger. Churchill. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820626-2.
Pranala luar
Cari tahu mengenai Winston Churchill sebagai penulis pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
Gambar dan media dari Commons | |
Kutipan dari Wikiquote | |
Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
- Karya Winston Churchill sebagai penulis di Project Gutenberg
- Karya Winston S. (Spencer) Churchill di Faded Page (Canada)
- Karya oleh/tentang Winston Churchill di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
- Karya Winston Churchill di LibriVox (buku suara domain umum)
- Collected Churchill Podcasts and speeches
- Hansard 1803–2005: kontribusi di Parlemen oleh Winston Churchill
- The Churchill Centre website
- Winston Churchill Memorial and Library at Westminster College, Missouri
- Locations of correspondence and papers of Churchill at the UK National Archives