Pemblokiran Youtube
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YouTube, situs yang paling banyak dikunjungi kedua (menurut Alexa Internet), telah disensor beberapa kali di beberapa negara karena berbagai alasan. Negara-negara yang memblokir YouTube adalah: Arab Saudi, Armenia, Brasil, Indonesia, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, Suriah, Thailand, Turki dan Uni Emirat Arab.
Negara yang memblokir
Arab Saudi
YouTube dapat diakses di Arab Saudi, tetapi halaman untuk mengkonfirmasi tanggal kelahiran pengguna diblokir, mencegah pengguna di Arab Saudi melihat halaman yang dinyatakan untuk dewasa di Youtube.
Armenia
Karena Armenia menyatakan keadaan darurat sebagai hasil dari protes pemilihan presiden Armenia 2008[1], YouTube telah diblokir di Armenia sejak 2 Maret 2008. Dibawah keadaan darurat, tidak ada media yang diperbolehkan menyiarkan kecuali berita resmi[2].
Brasil
YouTube dituntut oleh model Brazil dan VJ MTV, Daniela Cicarelli (lebih terkenal sebagai bekas tunangan Ronaldo) bahwa situs ini menyediakan video yang dibuat oleh paparazzi. Video tersebut menampilkannya bersama pacarnya melakukan hubungan seksual di pantai Spanyol. Tuntutan meminta agar semua video itu dihapus, jika tidak, YouTube akan diblokir di Brasil. Pada Sabtu, 6 Januari 2007, perintah legal memerintahkan agar penyaring diletakan untuk mencegah pengguna di Brasil mengakses situs tersebut.[3][4]
Pengukuran keefektifan dipertanyakan karena video itu tidak hanya ada di YouTube, tetapi juga di situs lain sebagai bagian dari fenomena Internet. Pada Selasa, 9 Januari 2007. Pengadilan yang sama berbalik dari pilihan mereka sebelumnya, meminta penyaring dihapus. Setelah pelarangan YouTube di Brasil, terdapat situs brtube.com sebagai pengganti YouTube di Brasil.
Iran
Pada 3 Desember 2006, Iran memblokir YouTube, bersama dengan beberapa situs, setelah menyebutnya "amoral". Pelarangan YouTube dilakukan setelah video mengenai bintang sinetron Iran melakukan hubungan sex dimasukan di YouTube.[5] Beberapa sumber mengklaim bahwa pemblokiran ini disebabkan oleh film yang mengagungkan MKO (grup perlawanan Iran utama melawan Rezim Islam Fundamentalis).
Moroko
Pada 25 Mei 2007, Maroc Telecom milik negara memblokir semua akses ke YouTube.[6] Tidak terdapat alasan yang diberikan mengapa YouTube diblokir, tetapi terdapat spekulasi bahwa hal tersebut memiliki hubungan dengan grup separatis Polisario atau terdapat film yang mengkritik raja Mohammed VI. YouTube dapat diakses kembali pada 30 Mei 2007.[7]
Republik Rakyat Tiongkok
Sebagai bagian dari program pensesoran Golden Shield, YouTube diblokir di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok sejak 15 Oktober 2007[8].
Suriah
YouTube kini diblokir di Suriah.
Thailand
Selama satu minggu 8 Maret 2007, YouTube diblokir di Thailand.[9] Banyak pengguna blog mempercayai bahwa alasan pemblokiran adalah video pidato mantan Perdana Menteri Thaksin Shinawatra dalam CNN. Pemerintah Thailand tidak mengkonfirmasi alasan pemblokiran, tetapi YouTube dapat diakses kembali pada 10 Maret 2007.
Pada malam 3 April 2007, YouTube kembali diblokir di Thailand.[10] Pemblokiran ini disebabkan karena adanya video yang menghina Raja Bhumibol Adulyadej.[11] YouTubedibuka pada 30 Agustus 2007 setelah YouTube setuju untuk menghapus video yang menghina Raja Thailand tersebut.[12]
Pada 21 September 2007, Thailand mengumumkan mereka meminta perintah pengadilan untuk memblokir video yang muncul di YouTube menuduh Prem Tinsulanonda mencoba memanipulasi tahta kerajaan untuk menjadikannya Raja Thailand.[13]
Turki
Turkey blocked YouTube on March 6 2007 for letting videos insulting Turks and Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, to be shown, in an escalation of what some call a "virtual war" between Greeks, Armenians, Kurds and Turks on YouTube, with people from each side posting videos to berate the other.[14] The video was first mentioned on CNN Türk and the İstanbul public prosecutor sued YouTube for insulting Turkishness.[15] The court suspended access to YouTube pending removal of the video. The ban was strongly criticized as censorship in the press and by the general public. YouTube lawyers sent documentary of removal to public prosecutor and access was restored on March 9 2007.[16]
YouTube has been blocked again on January 18, 2008 because of the same reasons. On January 22, 2008, the Ankara court's decision is to not lift the ban, and this time, YouTube is blocked again because of the Sivas court's rule. Blocking of YouTube ceased on January 24, 2008 without announcement or indication in the press as to any related judicial action.
Access to YouTube was recently blocked in Turkey from March 19 to March 27, 2008 as per a decision by Ankara court because of another video insulting Atatürk.
United Arab Emirates
The UAE's telecom regulatory authority has blocked YouTube, with the Etisalat ISP in the UAE citing "presence of adult content on the website which is clearly against the religious, cultural, political and moral values of the UAE". The site is now open but still the users cannot access YouTube user pages.[17]
Pakistan
YouTube was blocked in Pakistan following a decision taken by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority on February 22 2007 because of the number of "non-Islamic objectionable videos".[18] One report specifically points Fitna, a controversial Dutch film to be the basis for the block.[19] Pakistan, an Islamic republic, has ordered its ISPs to block access to YouTube "for containing blasphemous web content/movies."[20](Blasphemy law in Pakistan is extremely strict, calling for life imprisonment or death.) The action effectively blocked YouTube access worldwide for several hours on February 24.[21]
This follows increasing unrest in Pakistan by Islamic extremists over the re-printing of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons which depict satirical Criticism of Islam.[20] However, it has been suggested by some Pakistani vigilante web sites and electoral process watchdog groups that the block was imposed largely to distract viewers from videos alleging vote-rigging by the ruling MQM party in the recently concluded general elections. Allegations of suppressing vote-rigging videos by the Musharraf administration are also being levelled by Pakistani bloggers, Newspapers, Media and Pakistani anti Musharraf opposition parties.
On February 26, 2008, the ban was lifted after the website had removed the objectionable content from its servers on the request of the government.[22]
Indonesia
In April 1, 2008, Indonesian information minister, Muhammad Nuh, has written to YouTube asking to remove a Dutch film, Fitna, which made by Dutch right-wing politician, Geert Wilders. Indonesian goverment gave time for two days to remove the video, or YouTube will be blocked in Indonesia. In April 4, 2008, Muhammad Nuh asked all Internet providers to block the access to YouTube.[23][24] In April 5, 2008, YouTube has been blocked in Indonesia.
Catatan kaki
- ^ Why is YouTube blocked in Armenia? - Hrag Vartinian
- ^ YouTube Blocked in Armenia? - by Philip Lenssen, Google Blogoscoped
- ^ http://www.totalsecurity.com.br/article.php?sid=2768&order=0
- ^ Radio Fandango - Cachoeira do sul - À VOZ DA CIDADE
- ^ "Censorship fears rise as Iran blocks access to top websites". November 4, 2006. Diakses tanggal 2006-12-17.
- ^ "Morocco blocks access to YouTube". globalvoicesonline.org. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-27.
- ^ "YouTube again accessible via Maroc Telecom". rsf.org. Diakses tanggal 2007-05-30.
- ^ Schwankert, Steven. "YouTube blocked in China; Flickr, Blogspot restored", IDG News, October 18, 2007. Retrieved on March 3, 2008
- ^ "YouTube seems blocked in Thailand 2bangkok.com". March 10, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-10.
- ^ "YouTube Blocked Again". April 04, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-04.
- ^ "For some users, YouTube disappears". April 04, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-04.
- ^ "Ban on YouTube lifted after deal". The Nation. 2007-08-31.
- ^ "BDSI seeks to block YouTube videos". Bangkok Post. 2007-09-22.
- ^ "Turkey pulls plug on YouTube over Ataturk 'insults'". March 7, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-07.
- ^ "Turkey bans YouTube". March 8, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-10.
- ^ "Turkey revokes YouTube ban". March 9, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-09.
- ^ Wade, Matthew. YouTube block remains. ITP.net: August 17, 2006.
- ^ "Access to YouTube blocked until further notice because of "non-Islamic" videos", at Reporters Without Borders.
- ^ Pakistan blocks YouTube website
- ^ a b Pakistan blocks YouTube for 'blasphemous' content: officials, Yahoo News
- ^ "Pakistan move knocked out YouTube", CNN, February 25, 2008. Retrieved March 5 2008.
- ^ "Pakistan lifts YouTube ban". ABC News. 2008-02-26. Diakses tanggal 2008-02-26.
- ^ "Indonesia Seeks to Block YouTube Over Anti-Koran Film". New York Times. April 2, 2008. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-03.
- ^ "Menkominfo 'Ultimatum' ISP Blokir YouTube". detik.com (dalam bahasa Indonesian language). April 4, 2008. Diakses tanggal 2008-04-04.