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Alfabet fonetik NATO

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ICAO phonetic alphabet
rekaman suara: alfabet fonetik ICAO
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Alfabet eja dipakai untuk mengeja bagian pesan yang mengandung huruf dan angka agar menghindari kebingungan karena banyak huruf yang terdengar sama, misalnya "n" dan "m" atau "f" dan "s"; potensi kebingungan meningkat apabila suara kabur atau tidak jelas. Contohnya, pesan "proceed to map grid DH98" bisa terdengar "proceed to map grid Delta-Hotel-Niner-Ait". Mengucapkan "Delta" alih-alih "D" menghindari kebingungan antara "DH98" dan "BH98" atau "TH98". Pengucapan beberapa angka yang tidak lazim memang sengaja dirancang untuk mencegah kebingungan.

Selain militer, industri sipil menggunakan alfabet ini untuk menghindari permasalahan serupa dalam pertukaran pesan lewat sistem telepon. Contohnya, alfabet ini sering digunakan di industri ritel yang informasi pelanggan atau situsnya disampaikan lewat telepon (membuktikan transaksi kredit atau mengonfirmasi kode stok), tetapi kode buatan sendiri pun sering dipakai juga. Alfabet ini sering digunakan oleh pekerja teknologi informasi untuk menyampaikan kode seri/referensi (biasanya sangat panjang) atau informasi khusus lainnya lewat suara. Sebagian besar maskapai penerbangan dunia menggunakan alfabet ini untuk mengeja Passenger Name Record (PNR) secara intern

A Alfa ˈælfa AL FAH AL FAH AL FAH AL fah
B Bravo ˈbraːˈvo BRAH VOH BRAH VOH BRAH VOH
(1955: BRAH VOH) 		BRAH voh
C Charlie ˈtʃɑːli or
ˈʃɑːli 		CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE CHAR LEE CHAR lee
D Delta ˈdeltɑ DELL TAH DELL TAH DELL TAH DEL tah
E Echo ˈeko ECK OH ECK OH ECK OH ECKOH atau
ECK-OH 		èk o EKK oh
F Foxtrot ˈfɔkstrɔt FOKS TROT FOKS TROT FOKS TROT FOKSTROT atau
FOKS-TROT 		fox trott FOKS trot
G Golf ɡʌlf GOLF GOLF GOLF GOLF golf Golf
H Hotel hoːˈtel HOH TELL HOH TELL HOH TELL HOHTELL atau
HOH-TELL 		ho tèll HO tell
I India ˈindi.ɑ IN DEE AH IN DEE AH IN DEE AH INDEE AH atau
IN-DEE-AH 		in di ah IN dee ah
J Juliett ˈdʒuːli.ˈet JEW LEE ETT JEW LEE ETT JEW LEE ETT JEWLEE ETT atau
JEW-LEE-ETT 		djou li ètt JEW lee ett
K Kilo ˈkiːlo KEY LOH KEY LOH KEY LOH KEYLOH atau
KEY-LOH 		ki lo KEY loh
L Lima ˈliːmɑ LEE MAH LEE MAH LEE MAH LEEMAH atau
LEE-MAH 		li mah LEE mah
M Mike mɑik MIKE MIKE MIKE MIKE maïk Mike
N November noˈvembə NO VEM BER NO VEM BER NO VEM BER NOVEMBER atau
NO-VEM-BER 		no vèmm ber NOH vem ber
O Oscar ˈɔskɑ OSS CAH OSS CAH OSS CAH OSS-SCAR atau
OSS-CAR 		oss kar OSS car
P Papa pəˈpɑ PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAHPAH atau
PAH-PAH 		pah pah PAH pah
Q Quebec keˈbek KEH BECK KEH BECK KEH BECK KEHBECK atau
KWUH-BECK 		ké bèk keh BECK
R Romeo ˈroːmi.o ROW ME OH ROW ME OH ROW ME OH ROWME OH atau
ROW-ME-OH 		ro mi o ROW me oh
S Sierra siˈerɑ SEE AIR RAH SEE AIR RAH SEE AIR RAH SEEAIRAH atau
SEE-AIR-AH 		si èr rah see AIR ah
T Tango ˈtænɡo TANG OH TANG GO TANG GO TANGGO atau
TANG-GO 		tang go TANG go
U Uniform ˈjuːnifɔːm or
ˈuːnifɔrm 		YOU NEE FORM atau OO NEE FORM YOU NEE FORM atau
OO NEE FORM 		YOU NEE FORM atau
OO NEE FORM 		YOUNEE FORM atau
YOU-NEE-FORM atau
OO-NEE-FORM 		you ni form,
ou ni form 		YOU nee form
V Victor ˈviktɑ VIK TAH VIK TAH VIK TAH VIKTAH atau
VIK-TAR 		vik tar VIK ter
W Whiskey ˈwiski WISS KEY WISS KEY WISS KEY WISSKEY atau
WISS-KEY 		ouiss ki WISS key
X X-ray
atau Xray 		ˈeksˈrei ECKS RAY ECKS RAY ECKS RAY ECKSRAY [sic] atau
ECKS-RAY 		èkss ré EKS ray
Y Yankee ˈjænki YANG KEY YANG KEY YANG KEY YANGKEY [sic] atau
YANG-KEY 		yang ki YANG kee
Z Zulu ˈzuːluː ZOO LOO ZOO LOO ZOO LOO ZOOLOO atau
ZOO-LOO 		zou lou ZOO luu
0 Zero ZE-RO NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH NADAZERO Zero zi ro ZE-RO
1 One WUN OO-NAH-WUN UNAONE One ouann WUN; Won (USMC)[1]
2 Two TOO BEES-SOH-TOO BISSOTWO Two tou TOO
3 Three TREE TAY-RAH-TREE TERRATHREE Three tri TREE
4 Four FOW-er KAR-TAY-FOWER KARTEFOUR Four fo eur FOW-ER
5 Five FIFE PAN-TAH-FIVE PANTAFIVE Five fa ïf FIFE
6 Six Six siks SIX
7 Seven sèv n SEV-EN
8 Eight eït AIT
9 Niner naï neu NIN-ER
. (decimal point) POINT dè si mal DAY-SEE-MAL (ITU)
100 hun-dred
1000 taou zend TOU-SAND
- (hyphen) faa
. (full stop) Period STOP (ITU)

Sejarah

Alfabet ini didefinisikan oleh berbagai konvensi radio internasional, termasuk:

  • Universal Electrical Communications Union, Washington, D.C., Desember 1920[2]
  • International Radiotelegraph Convention, Washington, 1927 (pembentukan CCIR)[3]
  • General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (Madrid, 1932)[4]
  • Instructions for the International Telephone Service, 1932 (ITU-T E.141; dicabut tahun 1993)
  • General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Kairo, 1938)[5]
  • Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947),[6] where "it was decided that the International Civil Aviation Organization and other international aeronautical organizations would assume the responsibility for procedures and regulations related to aeronautical communication. However, ITU would continue to maintain general procedures regarding distress signals."
  • 1959 Administrative Radio Conference (Jenewa, 1959)[7]
  • International Telecommunications Union, Radio
  • Final Acts of WARC-79 (Jenewa, 1979).[8] Here the alphabet was formally named "Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code".
  • International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (direvisi 2003)[9]
Garis waktu perkembangan alfabet eja radiotelefoni ICAO/ITU-R
Huruf UECU 1920[2] International Radiotelegraph Convention (CCIR) 1927 (Washington, D.C.)[10] General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (CCIR/ICAN) 1932[11][12] Kode International Radiocommunication Conference 1938 (Kairo)[13] International Radio Conference 1947 (Atlantic City)[14] ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti Joint Army/Navy)[15] ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK)

[16]

[17][12]

Alfabet ICAO 1947 (diadopsi dari ARRL)[18] ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947[15] Proposal IATA ke ICAO 1947[15] Kode ICAO 1949[15] Kode ICAO 1951[19] Kode final ICAO 1956[20] Kode Administrative Radio Conference 1959 (Jenewa)[21] Ejaan ulang 1959[21] Kode ICAO 2008–sekarang[20] Ejaan ulang ICAO 2008–sekarang[20]
A Argentine Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam Able ABLE ADAM ANA ALPHA Alfa Alfa Alfa Alfa AL FAH Alfa AL FAH
B Brussels Baltimore Baltimore Baltimore Baltimore Baker BAKER BAKER BRAZIL BETA Beta Bravo Bravo Bravo BRAH VOH Bravo BRAH VOH
C Canada Canada Casablanca Casablanca Casablanca Charlie CHARLIE CHARLIE COCO CHARLIE Coca Coca Charlie Charlie CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE Charlie CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE
D Damascus Denmark Danemark Danemark Danemark Dog DOG DAVID DADO DELTA Delta Delta Delta Delta DELL TAH Delta DELL TAH
E Ecuador Eddystone Edison Edison Edison Easy EASY EDWARD ELSA EDWARD Echo Echo Echo Echo ECK OH Echo ECK OH
F France Francisco Florida Florida Florida Fox FOX FREDDIE FIESTA FOX Foxtrot Foxtrot Foxtrot Foxtrot FOKS TROT Foxtrot FOKS TROT
G Greece Gibraltar Gallipoli Gallipoli Gallipoli George GEORGE GEORGE GATO GRAMMA Golf Gold Golf Golf GOLF Golf GOLF
H Hanover Hanover Havana Havana Havana How HOW HARRY HOMBRE HAVANA Hotel Hotel Hotel Hotel HOH TELL Hotel HOH TELL
I Italy Italy Italia Italia Italia Item ITEM IDA INDIA ITALY India India India India IN DEE AH India IN DEE AH
J Japan Jerusalem Jérusalem Jérusalem Jerusalem Jig JIG JOHN JULIO JUPITER Julietta Juliett Juliett Juliett JEW LEE ETT Juliett JEW LEE ETT
K Khartoum Kimberley Kilogramme Kilogramme Kilogramme King KING KING KILO KILO Kilo Kilo Kilo Kilo KEY LOH Kilo KEY LOH
L Lima Liverpool Liverpool Liverpool Liverpool Love LOVE LEWIS LUIS LITER Lima Lima Lima Lima LEE MAH Lima LEE MAH
M Madrid Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar Madagascar Mike MIKE MARY MAMA MAESTRO Metro Metro Mike Mike MIKE Mike MIKE
N Nancy Neufchatel New York New-York New York Nan (later Nickel) NAN NANCY NORMA NORMA Nectar Nectar November November NO VEM BER November NO VEM BER
O Ostend Ontario Oslo Oslo Oslo Oboe OBOE OTTO OPERA OPERA Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar OSS CAH Oscar OSS CAH
P Paris Portugal Paris Paris Paris Peter PETER PETER PERU PERU Polka Papa Papa Papa PAH PAH Papa PAH PAH
Q Quebec Quebec Québec Québec Quebec Queen QUEEN QUEEN QUEBEC QUEBEC Quebec Quebec Quebec Quebec KEH BECK Quebec KEH BECK
R Rome Rivoli Roma Roma Roma Roger ROGER ROBERT ROSA ROGER Romeo Romeo Romeo Romeo ROW ME OH Romeo ROW ME OH
S Sardinia Santiago Santiago Santiago Santiago Sail/Sugar SUGAR SUSAN SARA SANTA Sierra Sierra Sierra Sierra SEE AIR RAH Sierra SEE AIR RAH
T Tokio Tokio Tripoli Tripoli Tripoli Tare TARE THOMAS TOMAS THOMAS Tango Tango Tango Tango TANG GO Tango TANG OH
U Uruguay Uruguay Upsala Upsala Upsala Uncle UNCLE UNION URUGUAY URSULA Union Union Uniform Uniform YOU NEE FORM or
OO NEE FORM 		Uniform YOU NEE FORM atau OO NEE FORM
V Victoria Victoria Valencia Valencia Valencia Victor VICTOR VICTOR VICTOR VICTOR Victor Victor Victor Victor VIK TAH Victor VIK TAH
W Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington William WILLIAM WILLIAM WHISKEY WHISKEY Whiskey Whiskey Whiskey Whiskey WISS KEY Whiskey WISS KEY
X Xaintrie Xantippe Xanthippe Xanthippe Xanthippe X-ray XRAY X-RAY XQUIS X-RAY Zebra eXtra X-ray X-ray ECKS RAY X-ray ECKS RAY
Y Yokohama Yokohama Yokohama Yokohama Yokohama Yoke YOKE YOUNG YOLANDA YORK Yankey Yankee Yankee Yankee YANG KEY Yankee YANG KEY
Z Zanzibar Zululand Zürich Zurich Zurich Zebra ZEBRA ZEBRA ZETA ? Zebra Zulu Zulu Zulu ZOO LOO Zulu ZOO LOO
0 Zero Zero[Note 1] Zero Zero Zero (proposal A: ZE-RO; proposal B: ZERO) Zero ZE-RO
1 One One[Note 1] One Wun One[Note 1] (proposal A: WUN; proposal B: WUN) Wun WUN
2 Two Two[Note 1] Two Too Two[Note 1] (proposal A: TOO; proposal B: BIS) Too TOO
3 Three Three[Note 1] Three Thuh-ree Three[Note 1] (proposal A: TREE; proposal B: TER) Tree TREE
4 Four Four[Note 1] Four Fo-wer Four[Note 1] (proposal A: FOW-ER; proposal B: QUARTO) Fower FOW-er
5 Five Five[Note 1] Five Fi-yiv Five[Note 1] (proposal A: FIFE; proposal B: PENTA) Fife FIFE
6 Six Six[Note 1] Six Six Six[Note 1] (proposal A: SIX; proposal B: SAXO) Six SIX
7 Seven Seven[Note 1] Seven Seven Seven[Note 1] (proposal A: SEV-EN; proposal B: SETTE) Seven SEV-en
8 Eight Eight[Note 1] Eight Ate Eight[Note 1] (proposal A: AIT; proposal B: OCTO) Eight AIT
9 Nine Nine[Note 1] Nine Niner Nine[Note 1] (proposal A: NIN-ER; proposal B: NONA) Niner NIN-er
. Point (proposal A: DAY-SEE-MAL; proposal B: DECIMAL) Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL
Hundred Hundred HUN-dred
Thousand (Proposal A: TOUS-AND) Thousand TOU-SAND
, Comma Comma Comma Comma
/ Fraction bar Fraction bar Fraction bar Fraction bar
Break signal Break signal Break signal
. Full stop Full stop (period) Full stop (period) Full stop (period)

Untuk fonetik 1938 dan 1947, setiap pengucapan angka didahului dan diikuti oleh pengucapan "as a number" sebanyak dua kali.

ITU mengadopsi alfabet eja fonetik International Maritime Organization pada tahun 1959.[22] Tahun 1969, ITU menyatakan alasannya "untuk diterapkan pada komunikasi laut saja".[23]

Pengucapan tidak ditetapkan sebelum 1959. Untuk fonetik 1959–sekarang, suku kata bergaris bawah di setiap kata-huruf harus dipertegas dan setiap suku kata kode angka (1969–sekarang) juga harus dipertegas.

Komunikasi penerbangan internasional

ICAO Radiotelephony Alphabet digunakan oleh International Civil Aviation Organization untuk komunikasi penerbangan internasional.[24][25]

Huruf Kode ICAO 1951[19] Kode ICAO 1956–sekarang[20]
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P Paris Peter PETER PETER PERU PERU Polka Papa Papa
Q Québec Queen QUEEN QUEEN QUEBEC QUEBEC Quebec Quebec Quebec
R Roma Roger ROGER ROBERT ROSA ROGER Romeo Romeo Romeo
S Santiago Sail/Sugar SUGAR SUSAN SARA SANTA Sierra Sierra Sierra
T Tripoli Tare TARE THOMAS TOMAS THOMAS Tango Tango Tango
U Upsala Uncle UNCLE UNION URUGUAY URSULA Union Union Uniform
V Valencia Victor VICTOR VICTOR VICTOR VICTOR Victor Victor Victor
W Washington William WILLIAM WILLIAM WHISKEY WHISKEY Whiskey Whiskey Whisky
X Xanthippe X-ray XRAY X-RAY XQUIS X-RAY X-RAY eXtra X-ray
Y Yokohama Yoke YOKE YOUNG YOLANDA YORK Yankey Yankee Yankee
Z Zürich Zebra ZEBRA ZEBRA ZETA ? Zebra Zulu Zulu
0 Zero Zero Zero
1 One Wun One
2 Two Too Two
3 Three Thuh-ree Three
4 Four Fo-wer Four
5 Five Fi-yiv Five
6 Six Six Six
7 Seven Seven Seven
8 Eight Ate Eight
9 Nine Niner Niner
. Decimal
100 Hundred
1000 Thousand
  1. ^ "RP 0506 – Field Communication" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2014. 
  2. ^ a b "Draft of Convention and Regulations, Washington, D.C., December, 1920". 
  3. ^ "International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927". Diakses tanggal 2017-10-30. 
  4. ^ "General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (Madrid, 1932)". Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015. 
  5. ^ "General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Cairo, 1938)". Diakses tanggal 2017-10-30. 
  6. ^ "Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947)". Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015. 
  7. ^ "Administrative Radio Conference (Geneva, 1959)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015. 
  8. ^ "Final Acts of WARC-79 (Geneva, 1979)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015. 
  9. ^ International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (Revised 2003) (PDF), 1969 
  10. ^ "Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927" (PDF). 
  11. ^ "(Don't Get) Lost in Translation" (PDF). 
  12. ^ a b Alcorn, John. "Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords And Abbreviations" (PDF). 
  13. ^ "General Radiocommunication Regulations (Revision of Cairo, 1938; Additional Radiocommunication regulations (revision of Cairo, 1938); Additional Protocol" (PDF). 
  14. ^ "Radio Regulations Annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention (Atlantic City, 1947)" (PDF). 
  15. ^ a b c d "The Evolution and Rationale of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959" (PDF). Diakses tanggal November 1, 2017. 
  16. ^ Myers, Capt., U.S.N., G. B.; Charles, Cdr., R.N.V.R., B. P. (1945-02-14). CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure. Washington 25, D. C.: Combined Communications Board. hlm. 1, 2. 
  17. ^ "FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)" (PDF). 
  18. ^ "Item 48 in the Friedman Collection: Letter from Everett Conder to William F. Friedman, February 11, 1952" (PDF). 
  19. ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama :4
  20. ^ a b c d "Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: Aeronauticatl Telecommunications; Volume II Communication Procedures including those with PANS status" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2017-11-01. 
  21. ^ a b "Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Geneva, 1959)" (PDF). 
  22. ^ "Documents of the World Administrative Radio Conference to deal with matters relating to the maritime mobile service (WARC Mar) (Geneva, 1967)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015. 
  23. ^ "Report on the Activities of The International Telecommunication Union in 1967" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015. 
  24. ^ "Alphabet - Radiotelephony". Diakses tanggal 27 April 2015. 
  25. ^ "Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume II Communication Procedures including those with PANS Status" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 27 April 2015. 


Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref> untuk kelompok bernama "Note", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="Note"/> yang berkaitan

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