Laporan Perdagangan Manusia
Laporan Perdagangan Manusia (Trafficking in Persons Report/TIP) merupakan laporan tahunan yang dipublikasikan oleh Kantor untuk Memantau dan Memerangi Perdagangan Orang (Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons), Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat. Laporan ini memberikan peringkat kepada pemerintahan di seluruh dunia berdasarkan usaha mereka untuk mengakui dan memberantas perdagangan manusia[1][2].
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2019%2C_Legislaci%C3%B3n_contra_el_tr%C3%A1fico_de_personas%2C_Mapa_del_mundo.svg/400px-2019%2C_Legislaci%C3%B3n_contra_el_tr%C3%A1fico_de_personas%2C_Mapa_del_mundo.svg.png)
Sistem Peringkat
Laporan ini memberikan peringkat kepada negara-negara berdasarkan kepatuhan mereka terhadap standar yang diuraikan pada Undang-Undang Perlindungan Korban Perdagangan Orang (TVPA) yang dikeluarkan pada 2000. Peringkat tersebut adalah:
- Negara Tingkat 1 merupakan negara yang pemerintahnya sepenuhnya mematuhi standar minimum TVPA.
- Negara Tingkat 2 merupakan negara yang pemerintahnya tidak sepenuhnya mematuhi standar minimum TVPA, tetapi sedang melakukan upaya signifikan untuk mematuhi standar-standar tersebut.
- Negara-negara daftar pantauan tingkat 2 merupakan negara yang pemerintahnya tidak sepenuhnya mematuhi standar minimum TVPA, tetapi sedang melakukan upaya signifikan untuk mematuhi standar-standar tersebut dan:
- Jumlah absolut korban bentuk-bentuk perdagangan yang parah sangat signifikan atau meningkat secara signifikan; atau
- Ada kegagalan untuk memberikan bukti peningkatan upaya untuk memerangi bentuk-bentuk perdagangan manusia yang parah dari tahun sebelumnya; atau
- Penentuan bahwa suatu negara melakukan upaya signifikan untuk memenuhi standar minimum didasarkan pada komitmen negara tersebut untuk mengambil langkah-langkah tambahan di masa depan pada tahun berikutnya.
- Negara tingkat 3 merupakan negara yang pemerintahannya tidak sepenuhnya mematuhi standar minimum dan tidak melakukan upaya signifikan untuk melakukannya.
Ada juga beberapa kasus sepsial (peringkat khusus) seperti di Yaman dimana terjadi perang saudara sehingga sulit memperoleh informasi dan di Sint Maarten dimana terjadi kehancuran total karena Badai Irma sehingga informasi dan pelaporan sulit didapatkan.
Negara | Lokasi | Artikel Utama | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Asia Tengah | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Afghanistan |
Albania | Eropa Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Albania |
Aljazair | Afrika Utara | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Aljazair |
Angola | Afrika Bagian Tengah | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Angola |
Antigua dan Barbuda | Laut Karibia | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Antigua dan Barbuda |
Argentina | Amerika Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Argentina |
Armenia | Eurasia | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Armenia |
Aruba | Laut Karibia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
Australia | Oseania | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Australia |
Austria | Eropa Tengah | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Austria |
Azerbaijan | Eurasia | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Azerbaijan |
Bahama | Samudra Atlantik | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Bahama |
Bahrain | Timur Tengah | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Bahrain |
Bangladesh | Asia Selatan | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Bangladesh |
Barbados | Antillen Kecil | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Barbados |
Belarus | Eropa TImur | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Belarus |
Belgia | Eropa Barat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Belgia |
Belize | Amerika Tengah | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Belize |
Benin | Afrika Barat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Benin |
Bhutan | Asia Selatan | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 3 | |
Bolivia | Amerika Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Bolivia |
Bosnia dan Herzegovina | Eropa Selatan | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Bosnia dan Herzegovina |
Botswana | Afrika Bagian Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Botswana |
Brasil | Amerika Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Brasil |
Brunei | Asia Tenggara | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Brunei |
Bulgaria | Eropa TImur | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Bulgaria |
Burkina Faso | Afrika Barat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Burkina Faso |
Myanmar | Asia Tenggara | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Myanmar |
Burundi | Afrika TImur | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Burundi |
Kamboja | Asia Tenggara | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Kamboja |
Kamerun | Western Africa | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Cameroon |
Canada | North America | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Canada |
Cape Verde | Atlantic Ocean | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | |
Central African Republic | Central Africa | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in the Central African Republic |
Chad | Central Africa | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Chad |
Chile | South America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Chile |
China, People's Republic | East Asia | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in China |
Colombia | South America | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Colombia |
Comoros | Indian Ocean | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
Central Africa | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in the<br id="mwAtM"><br>Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Congo, Republic of the | Central Africa | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 2w | Human trafficking in the Republic of the Congo |
Costa Rica | Central America | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Costa Rica |
Côte d'Ivoire | West Africa | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Côte d'Ivoire |
Croatia | Central Europe | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Croatia |
Cuba | Caribbean Sea | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | Human trafficking in Cuba |
Curaçao | Caribbean Sea | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | |
Cyprus | Eastern Mediterranean | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Cyprus |
Czech Republic | Central Europe | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in the Czech Republic |
Denmark | Northern Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Human trafficking in Denmark |
Djibouti | Horn of Africa | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Djibouti |
Dominican Republic | Hispaniola | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in the Dominican Republic |
Ecuador | South America | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Ecuador |
Egypt | North Africa | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Egypt |
El Salvador | Central America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in El Salvador |
Equatorial Guinea | Middle Africa | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Equatorial Guinea |
Eritrea | Horn of Africa | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Eritrea |
Estonia | Northern Europe | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Ethiopia | Horn of Africa | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Ethiopia |
Fiji | Melanesia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Fiji |
Finland | Northern Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Finland |
France | Western Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in France |
Gabon | Central Africa | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | Human trafficking in Gabon |
Gambia | West Africa | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 3 | Human trafficking in the Gambia |
Georgia | Eurasia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Georgia |
Germany | Western Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Human trafficking in Germany |
Ghana | West Africa | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Ghana |
Greece | Southeast Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Greece |
Guatemala | Central America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Guatemala |
Guinea | West Africa | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Guinea |
Guinea-Bissau | West Africa | 3 | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Guinea-Bissau |
Guyana | South America | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Guyana |
Haiti | Caribbean Sea | - | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Haiti |
Honduras | Central America | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Honduras |
Hong Kong | Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Hong Kong |
Hungary | Central Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Hungary |
Iceland | North Atlantic | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Iceland |
India | South Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in India See Child trafficking in India |
Indonesia | Southeast Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Indonesia |
Iran | Central Asia Western Asia |
3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Iran |
Iraq | Western Asia | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Iraq |
Ireland | Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Ireland |
Israel | Western Asia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Israel |
Italy | Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Human trafficking in Italy |
Jamaica | Greater Antilles | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Jamaica |
Japan | Pacific Ocean | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Japan |
Jordan | Western Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Jordan |
Kazakhstan | Eastern Europe Central Asia |
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Human trafficking in Kazakhstan |
Kenya | East Africa | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Kenya |
Kiribati | Pacific Ocean | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Kiribati | ||
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of |
Eastern Asia | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Korea, Republic of | Eastern Asia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in South Korea |
Kosovo | Southeast Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Kuwait | Western Asia | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Kuwait |
Kyrgyzstan | Central Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Kyrgyzstan |
Laos | Southeast Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | Human trafficking in Laos |
Latvia | Northern Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Latvia |
Lebanon | Western Asia | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Lebanon |
Lesotho | Southern Africa | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Human trafficking in Lesotho |
Liberia | Southeast Asia | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Liberia |
Libya | Northern Africa | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Libya | ||||
Lithuania | Northern Europe | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Lithuania |
Luxembourg | Western Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Luxembourg |
Macau | Asia | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Macau |
Macedonia | Southeast Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Macedonia |
Madagascar | Indian Ocean | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Madagascar |
Malawi | Southeast Africa | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Human trafficking in Malawi |
Malaysia | Southeast Asia | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Malaysia |
Maldives | Indian Ocean | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | |
Mali | Western Africa | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Mali |
Malta | Mediterranean Sea | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Malta |
Marshall Islands | Pacific Ocean | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2 | 2w | |
Mauritania | West Africa | 3 | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Mauritania |
Mauritius | Indian Ocean | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Mauritius |
Mexico | North America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Mexico |
Micronesia | Oceania | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Moldova | Eastern Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Moldova |
Mongolia | East Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Mongolia |
Montenegro | Southeast Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Montenegro |
Morocco | North Africa | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Morocco |
Mozambique | Southeast Africa | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Mozambique |
Namibia | Southern Africa | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Namibia |
Nepal | South Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Nepal |
Netherlands | Western Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in the Netherlands |
New Zealand | Oceania | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in New Zealand |
Nicaragua | Central America | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | Human trafficking in Nicaragua |
Niger | Western Africa | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Niger |
Nigeria | Western Africa | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Human trafficking in Nigeria |
Norway | Northern Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Norway |
Oman | Southwest Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Oman |
Pakistan | South Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Pakistan |
Palau | Pacific Ocean | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Palau |
Panama | Central America | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Panama |
Papua New Guinea | Oceania | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 3 | 2w | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea |
Paraguay | South America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Paraguay |
Peru | South America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Peru |
Philippines | Southeast Asia | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in the Philippines |
Poland | Central Europe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Human trafficking in Poland |
Portugal | Western Europe | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Human trafficking in Portugal |
Qatar | Middle East | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Qatar |
Romania | Central Europe | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Human trafficking in Romania |
Russia | Northern Eurasia | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Human trafficking in Russia |
Rwanda | Eastern Africa | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in Rwanda |
Saint Lucia | Lesser Antilles | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Windward Islands | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Human trafficking in<br id="mwCVU"><br>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Arab Saudi | Timur Tengah | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Arab Saudi |
Senegal | Afrika Barat | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Senegal |
Serbia | Eropa Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Serbia |
Seychelles | Indian Ocean | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2 | |
Sierra Leone | Afrika Barat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Sierra Leone |
Singapura | Asia Tenggara | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Singapura |
Sint Maarten | Antillen Kecil | - | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
Slowakia | Eropa Tengah | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Slowakia |
Slovenia | Eropa Tengah | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Slovenia |
Kepulauan Solomon | Oseania | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Afrika Selatan | Afrika Bagian Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Afrika Selatan |
Sudan Selatan | Afrika Utara | - | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Spanyol | Eropa Barat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Spanyol |
Sri Lanka | Asia Selatan | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Sri Lanka |
Sudan | Afrika Utara | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Sudan |
Suriname | Amerika Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Suriname |
Eswatini | Afrika Bagian Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Eswatini |
Swedia | Eropa Barat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Swedia |
Swiss | Eropa Barat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Swiss |
Suriah | Asia Barat | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Suriah |
Taiwan/Republik Tiongkok | Asia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Taiwan/Republik Tiongkok |
Tajikistan | Asia Tengah | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Tajikistan |
Tanzania | Afrika Timur | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Tanzania |
Thailand | Asia Tenggara | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Thailand |
Timor-Leste | Asia Tenggara | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Timor Leste |
Togo | Afrika Barat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Togo |
Tonga | Oseania | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Trinidad dan Tobago | Laut Karibia | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Trinidad dan Tobago |
Tunisia | Afrika Utara | 2w | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Tunisia |
Turki | Asia Barat Eropa Timur |
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Turki |
Turkmenistan | Asia Tengah | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Turkmenistan |
Uganda | Afrika Timur | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Uganda |
Ukrania | Eropa Timur | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Ukrania |
Uni Emirat Arab | Asia Barat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Uni Emirat Arab |
Britania Raya | Eropa Barat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Britania Raya |
Amerika Serikat | Amerika Utara | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Perdagangan Manusia di Amerika Serikat |
Uruguay | Amerika Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Uruguay |
Uzbekistan | Asia Tengah | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 2w | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Uzbekistan |
Venezuela | Amerika Selatan | 3 | 2w | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Venezuela |
Vietnam | Asia Tenggara | 2w | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | Perdagangan Manusia di Vietnam |
Yaman | Timur Tengah | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Perdagangan Manusia di Yaman | ||||
Zambia | Afrika Bagian Selatan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2w | 2 | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Zambia |
Zimbabwe | Afrika Bagian Selatan | 2w | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2w | 2w | 2 | Perdagangan Manusia di Zimbabwe |
Kritik
Beberapa kritik terhadap TIP difokuskan kepada bagaimana metodologi bisa ditingkatkan. Sebagai contoh salah satu naskah akademik mengusulkan bagaimana peringkat dapat lebih baik memasukan faktor-faktor risiko pedagangan agar laporan lebih fokus kepada upaya pencegah[13]. Kritik lain berargumen seharusnya bisa memasukan “peraturan internasional yang negara-negara (termasuk Amerika Serikat) telah kembangkan secara kolektif dan diterima secara luas” daripada berfokus pada kriteria yang dibuat oleh politikus Amerika Serikat[14].
Kritik lain secara fundamental mempertanyakan metodologi dan sumber daya, seperti yang dipertanyakan oleh antropologis Laura Agustín yang menulis di laporan "Mengandalkan angka perkiraan dari CIA, kepolisian, dan kedutaan besar mengenai situsasi tidaklah dipahami secara cara yang sama di semua budaya dan kelas sosial"[15].
Hero Acting to End Modern Slavery Award
Sebagai bagian dari laporan Departemen Dalam Negeri juga mengumumkan pemberian Hero Acting to End Modern Slavery Awards kepada beberapa individu[16]. Penghargaan ini pertama kali diberikan pada 2004[17]. Penghargaan diberikan kepada orang-orang yang mengambil tindakan untuk melindungi korban, membawa pelaku kehadapan hukum atau menumbuhkan kesadaran mengenai perbudakan modern. Lebih dari 110 individu dari 60 negara telah menerima penghargaan ini[16][17]. Pemenang akan diundang ke acara penerimaan penghargaan dan diajak untuk berkeliing kebeberapa kota di Amerika Serikat[17].
Catatan
- ^ :Tier designations:[4]
- Tier 1: Countries whose governments fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act's (TVPA) minimum standards.
- Tier 2: Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPA’s minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards.
- Tier 2 Watch List: Countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPA's minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards AND:
- a) The absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing; or
- b) There is a failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons from the previous year; or
- c) The determination that a country is making significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with minimum standards was based on commitments by the country to take additional future steps over the next year.
- Tier 3: Countries whose governments neither fully comply with the minimum standards nor are making significant efforts to do so.
Referensi
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report". United States Department of State. June 20, 2013. Diakses tanggal June 20, 2013.
- ^ "US downgrades China, Russia in its annual report on human trafficking". Washington Post. 19 June 2013. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2013.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2010". U.S. Department of State. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 January 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2013.
- ^ a b "Trafficking in Persons Report 2011". U.S. Department of State. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 January 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2013.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2012". U.S. Department of State. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-17. Diakses tanggal 20 June 2013.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2013". U.S. Department of State. 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-03. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2013.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2014". U.S. Department of State. 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2014.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2015". U.S. Department of State. 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2015.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2016". U.S. Department of State. 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2016.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2017". U.S. Department of State. 2017. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-14. Diakses tanggal 1 July 2017.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2018". U.S. Department of State. 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-01. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2018.
- ^ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2019". U.S. Department of State. 2019. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2019.
- ^ Horning, Amber; et al. (2014). "The Trafficking in Persons Report: a game of risk". International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. 38 (3): 257–280. doi:10.1080/01924036.2013.861355.
- ^ Gallagher, Anne T. (2011). "Improving the Effectiveness of the International Law of Human Trafficking: A Vision for the Future of the US Trafficking in Persons Reports". Human Rights Review. 12 (3): 381–400. doi:10.1007/s12142-010-0183-6.
- ^ "The shadowy world of sex across borders". The Guardian. 19 November 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2014.
- ^ a b "About - U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report Heroes". TIP Heroes (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 30 January 2019.
- ^ a b c "TIP Global Heroes Network: About the TIP Heroes". National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2019.