Seferberlik
Seferberlik[a] (dari Turki Otoman: سفربرلك; bahasa Arab: سفر برلك, translit. Safar Barlik [ˈsafar ̍barlɪk]) adalah mobilisasi yang diberlakukan oleh Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah pada Perang Balkan Kedua pada tahun 1913 dan Perang Dunia I dari 1914 sampai 1918, yang melibatkan wajib militer paksa Lebanon, Palestina, Suriah dan Kurdi untuk bertarung[1] dan deportasi "sejumlah keluarga Lebanon & Suriah & Kurdi (5.000 menurut sebuah catatan kontemporer)" ke Anatolia atas perintah Djemal Pasha.[2] Lebanon & Suriah & Kurdi yang dituduh membelot dieksekusi, dan sekitar 300.000 Lebanon & Suriah & Kurdi yang bertahan mati kelaparan pada 1916, karena Lebanon & Suriah kehilangan 75 sampai 90 persen produksi tanamannya.[3] Pelacuran dan kanibalisme disebutkan dalam laporan atau memoir yang ditulis usai akhir perang.
Catatan
- ^ Juga disebut Safarbarlik, Safarberlik, atau Seferbarlik.
Referensi
- ^ The first World War as remembered in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean. hlm. 15.
- ^ Antoun Saadeh: The youth years. hlm. 101.
- ^ The History of Lebanon & Syria. hlm. 100.
Sumber tambahan
- Al-Qattan, N. (n.d.). Remembering the Great War in Syrian and Lebanon, everything including the plague.
- Al-Qattan, N. (2004). Safarbarlik: Ottoman Syria and the Great War. In T. Philipp & C. Schumann (Eds.), in From the Syrian Land to the States of Syria and Lebanon, (pp. 163–173). Beirut: Beirut: Argon Verlag Wurzburg.
- Al-Taweel, K. (2010a). الوطن أون لاين ::: خبير بالعثمانية القديمة: ترجمات خاطئة تناولت تاريخ المدينة> ), Expert in Ottoman Turkish: Wrong Translations in writing the history of Madina. Al-Watan online. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from http://www.alwatan.com.sa/Culture/News_Detail.aspx?ArticleID=4992&CategoryID=7
- Al-Taweel, K. (2010b). الوطن أون لاين ::: مرشد: "سفربرلي" تعني التهجير الجماعي وليس ما ذهب إليه الكنيسي< Murshid: Safarberlik means collective deportation and not what Al-Kenisi said it means. Al-Watan online. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from http://www.alwatan.com.sa/Culture/News_Detail.aspx?ArticleID=5271&CategoryID=7
- Mina, H. (1975). Fragments of Memory: A Story of a Syrian Family (Interlink World Fiction): Hanna Mina, Olive Kenny, Lorne Kenny: 9781566565479: Amazon.com: Books. Damascus. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Fragments-Memory-Syrian-Interlink-Fiction/dp/1566565472
- Phillipp, T., & Schaebler, B. (1998). The Syrian Land: Processes of Integration and Fragmentation. Bilad al-Sham from the 18th to the 20th Century (p. 405). Franz Steiner Verlag. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/The-Syrian-Land-Fragmentation-Islamstudien/dp/3515073094
- Schilcher, L. S. (1992). The Famine of 1915-1918 in Greater Syria. In hn P. Spagnolo (Ed.), Problems of the Modern Middle East in Historical Perspective (pp. 229–258). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Tamari, S., & Turjman, I. S. (2011). Year of the Locust: A Soldier's Diary and the Erasure of Palestine's Ottoman Past (p. 214). University of California Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=nvVs1EdJBRIC&pgis=1
مرشد, ا. أ. أ., & الطويل, ا. ا. خ. (2007). القصة الكاملة لكارثة التهجير العثمانية "سفر برلك" قبل 93 عام, The complete story of the catastrophy of Ottoman deportation Safarberlik. منتدى القصة العربية. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from http://www.arabicstory.net/forum/index.php?showtopic=6474
- Lubnān fī al-ḥarb, aw, Dhikrá al-ḥawādith wa-al-maẓālim fī Lubnān fī al-Ḥarb al-ʻUmūmīyah : 1914-1919, لبنان في الحرب : أو ذكرى الحوادث والمظالم في لبنان في الحرب العمومية، ١٩١٤