Wikipedia

Perang Gaza (2008–2009)

konflik bersenjata Desember 2008-Januari 2009 di Jalur Gaza
Revisi sejak 20 Januari 2009 15.13 oleh Pelita-at-id (bicara | kontrib) (update)


Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009 merujuk pada konflik yang berlangsung antara Israel dan Hamas, yang terjadi setelah kadaluarsanya gencatan senjata selama 6 bulan.[34] Israel melancarkan serangan udara, disebut Operation Cast Lead (bahasa Ibrani: מבצע עופרת יצוקה‎, Mivtza Oferet Yetzukah), terhadap Jalur Gaza sebagai balasan atas serangan roket dari Gaza dan Hamas.

Konflik Israel-Gaza 2008-2009
Bagian dari Konflik Israel-Palestina

Wilayah konflik
Tanggal27 Desember 2008–sekarang
LokasiJalur Gaza & Israel Selatan
Hasil Israel dan Hamas saling menyatakan (dengan sepihak) gencatan senjata
Pihak terlibat
 Israel

Hamas

Jihad Islam Palestina
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Israel Ehud Barak
Israel Gabi Ashkenazi
Israel Ido Nehoshtan (IAF)
Israel Eli Marom (ISC)
Israel Yoav Galant (SoCom)
Israel Yair Golan (HFC)
Ismail Haniyeh
Mahmoud az-Zahar
Ahmed al-Ja'abari
Osama Mazini
Kekuatan
176.500 tentara reguler (total)[1]

10.000[2]

20.000 anggota Hamas di Gaza
Korban

Total killed: 13[3][4]
Soldiers: 10[5]
Civilians: 3[6][5]

Total wounded: 424
Soldiers: 242[7][8]
Civilians: 182[9][10]

Total killed: 1,314*[9]
Militants and policemen: 48 (HAMAS)[11], 400-650** (IDF)[12]
Civilians: ~700***(Reuters), 904+***(PCHR)[13][14]

Total wounded: 5,300****(MoH)[9][15]

One Egyptian border guard officer killed and three guards and two children wounded.[16][17]

Over 50,800 Gaza residents displaced.[18]

*Casualty figures and the civilian/combatant breakdown in Gaza cannot yet be independently verified.[19][20][21][22][23]
**The IDF claimed that 400 dead were known "Hamas operatives" and that 250 were also Hamas operatives.[12] 168 policemen were killed (138 during initial airstrikes), they were considered by the IDF as enemy combatants while the PCHR saw them as civilians.[14][24]
***There is no estimate of non-elderly male civilian fatalities. Around 723 of the deaths are: 4 UN[25][26] and 13 medical workers,[25][27] 4 journalists,[28] 3 top soccer players,[29] 412 children,[9] 110 women,[9] 97 elderly people,[30][31] and 40-80 people executed by Hamas.[32] Also, two foreigners, a Ukrainian woman and her child were among the dead.[33]

****Among the wounded there were 1,855 children[9] and 795 women.[9]

Partai-partai berkuasa di Israel menjadikan perang sebagai propaganda menjelang pemilu parlemen Israel pada 10 Februari 2009.[butuh rujukan] Sebuah jajak pendapat yang dilakukan surat kabar Haaretz menunjukkan masyarakat Israel berada di belakang operasi itu. Bahkan, di samping 52 persen yang mendukung serangan udara, ada 19 persen yang mengharapkan serangan darat. Dari semua ini, ada 25 persen yang menganjurkan gencatan senjata secepatnya. Perkembangan ini menyelamatkan popularitas koalisi Partai Kadima (Menteri Luar Negeri Tzipi Livni) dan Partai Buruh (Menteri Pertahanan Ehud Barak), yang melorot ketika menghadapi Benjamin Netanyahu yang ultranasionalis[35].

Perang ini bisa jadi akan semakin meluas setelah tiga atau lima roket yang dilepaskan dari Libanon menghantam tiga lokasi berbeda di wilayah Galilea Israel utara. Tembakan roket dari luar Palestina itu mencederai dua orang.[36] Israel membalas dengan menembakkan 6 mortir ke arah Libanon. Belum diketahui apakah terdapat korban jiwa dari serangan balasan Israel tersebut.[37]

Pada 17 Januari 2009, Israel secara sepihak menyatakan gencatan senjata dalam konflik tersebut.[38] Dua hari kemudian Hamas turut menyatakan gencatan senjata setelah Israel mengumumkan akan menarik pasukannya dari Jalur Gaza dalam waktu 1 minggu. [39]

Referensi

  1. ^ The Institute for National Security Studies", chapter Israel, 23 Maret 2008.
  2. ^ Artikel "Religious war in Gaza" di Ynetnews.com
  3. ^ Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. Jan. 12, 2009. Reuters.
  4. ^ Israel steps up attacks in Gaza; Hamas indicates it's open to a truce. By Sebastian Rotella and Rushdi abu Alouf. January 13, 2009. LA Times.
  5. ^ a b "Hamas rocket team leader killed, Israel says". CNN. January 10, 2009. 
  6. ^ Current events. Embassy of Israel in Washington DC. In the middle of the page is a list of four Israelis killed by rocket and mortar fire. One was a soldier killed on a military base inside Israel. This explains the confusion in counting civilian and military dead in some articles.
  7. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7832406.stm
  8. ^ http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1056207.html
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. 19 January 2009. Jan. 19, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[1]
  10. ^ "Rocket slams into Ashdod kindergarten". Jan 6, 2009. Jerusalem Post. "Four Israelis have been killed, 10 moderately to seriously wounded, and 29 slightly wounded. Another 144 have been treated for shock."
  11. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/4288511/Hamas-declares-victory-in-Gaza-claiming-it-lost-only-48-fighters.html Hamas declares victory in Gaza claiming it lost only 48 fighters
  12. ^ a b Discrepancies over number of Palestinian civilian deaths. Jan. 13, 2009. Jerusalem Post.
  13. ^ After ceasefire, Israel examines fallout of Gaza war. By Luke Baker. Jan. 18, 2009. Reuters.
  14. ^ a b 23rd Day of Continuous IOF Attacks on the Gaza Strip. 18 January 2009. Palestinian Center for Human Rights.
  15. ^ FACTBOX - Developments in Gaza fighting on January 17. January 17, 2009. Reuters.
  16. ^ סוכנויות הידיעות. "קצין מצרי נהרג מירי אנשי חמאס סמוך למעבר רפיח" (dalam bahasa Hebrew). nana10.co.il. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-01. 
  17. ^ "Two Egyptian Children, Police Injured in Israeli Air Strike Near Gaza Border". 2009-01-11. 
  18. ^ "Gaza homeless toll 'hits 50,000'" news.bcc.co.uk 19 January 2009 Link retrieved 19-01-09
  19. ^ Israeli human rights groups speak out as death toll passes 1,000. Jan. 15, 2009. Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem and Sarah Boseley. The Guardian
  20. ^ More than 1,000 killed in Gaza'. Jan. 14, 2009. BBC News.
  21. ^ The macabre count of a doctor in Gaza. Jan. 11, 2009. Agence France-Presse.
  22. ^ Gaza conflict: Who is a civilian?. By Heather Sharp. January 5 2009. BBC News.
  23. ^ Why Israel went to war in Gaza. Jan. 4, 2009. By Chris McGreal in Jerusalem. The Observer.
  24. ^ "Hamas: 120 police dead, 95% of security buildings demolished and hundreds of civilians slain". 
  25. ^ a b Field up-date on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator. January 14, 2009. OCHA oPt (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory).[2]
  26. ^ Israeli Forces Fired on U.N. Aid Convoy 'Truce'. Jan. 8, 2009. CNN.
  27. ^ Report: 36 new doctors allowed into Gaza. Jan. 11, 2009. Maan News Agency.
  28. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama IFEX
  29. ^ http://en.rian.ru/world/20090114/119490704.html
  30. ^ Gaza Tragedy: 280 Children, 76 Women, 97 Elderly Killed Among 905 Martyrs. Jan. 12, 2009. WAFA. Palestine News Agency.
  31. ^ Half of Gaza dead 'children, women and elderly'.
  32. ^ Amira Hass, "Hamas executes collaborators and restricts Fatah movement", Ha'aretz 10-01-2009
  33. ^ http://www.interfax.com/3/460918/news.aspx
  34. ^ "TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended". Reuters. 1 Januari 2009. Diakses tanggal 2 Januari 2009. 
  35. ^ Perang Para Politikus, Tempo
  36. ^ Artikel "Roket dari Lebanon Hantam Israel" di Kompas.com
  37. ^ Artikel "Israel Lancarkan Serangan Balasan ke Lebanon" di Kompas.com
  38. ^ "Israel Declares Cease Fire; Hamas Says It Will Fight On", The New York Times, 17 Januari 2009
  39. ^ http://www.detiknews.com/read/2009/01/19/045036/1070507/10/israel-tarik-pasukan-hamas-umumkan-gencatan-senjata DetikNews
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