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Anton Chekhov

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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов) (29 Januari 1860 – 15 Juli 1904) (Kalender Yulian: 17 Januari 1860 – 2 Juli 1904) adalah seorang penulis besar Rusia yang terkenal terutama karena cerpen-cerpennya dan dramanya. Banyak dari cerpennya dianggap sebagai apotheosis dari bentuk sementara dramanya, meskipun hanya sedikit - dan hanya empat yang dianggap besar - mempunyai dampak yang besar dalam literatur dan pertunjukan drama.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Oil on canvas by Osip Braz, 1898. From the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.
says of Chekhov that he is no moralist — he simply says "you live badly, ladies and gentlemen," but his smile has the indulgence of a very wise man.

As samples of the Russian epistolary art, Chekhov's letters have been rated second only to Aleksandr Pushkin's by the literary historian D.S. Mirsky. Although Chekhov is still chiefly known for his plays, critical opinion shows signs of establishing the stories, particularly those that were written after 1888, as an even more significant and creative literary achievement.

Equally innovative in his dramatic works, Chekhov sought to convey the texture of everyday life and move away from traditional ideas of plot and conventions of dramatic speech. Dialogue in his plays is not smooth or continuous: characters interrupt each other, several different conversations take place at the same time, and lengthy pauses occur when no one speaks at all. A recurring theme is the pointlessness of radical, human or mechanical change, versus the powerful inertia of slow organic cycles.

Perhaps one of his best known contributions is Chekhov's dictum (also known as Chekhov's Gun): If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If it's not going to be fired, it shouldn't be hanging there.

Influence

 
A bust of Chekov in Badenweiler, Germany, where he died.

Although contemporary Russian literary critics celebrated Chekhov, international fame came only after World War I with Constance Garnett's English translations.

Chekhov's plays were immensely popular in England in the 1920s and have become classics of the British stage. In the United States his fame came somewhat later, through the influence of Stanislavsky's technique for achieving realistic acting. American playwrights such as Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, and Clifford Odets have used Chekhovian techniques, and few important writers of plays in the 20th century can have escaped Chekhov's influence entirely: for example, the work by British playwright Michael Frayn is often compared to that of Chekhov for its focus on humorous family situations and its insights into society.

Many writers of prose, particularly of short stories, have also been influenced by Chekhov, such as Katherine Mansfield. John Cheever has been called "the Chekhov of the suburbs" for his ability to capture the drama and sadness of the lives of his characters by revealing the undercurrents of apparently insignificant events. American writer Raymond Carver was also frequently compared to Chekhov, because of his minimalistic prose style, and tendency to meditate upon the humor and tragedy in the everyday lives of working class people. Master of the short story, the British author Victor Sawdon Pritchett's short stories are prized for their craftsmanship and comic irony similar to that of Chekhov.

The continuously growing list of films and theater productions based on Chekhov's stories and plays includes Emil Loteanu's My Tender and Affectionate Beast (1978, see Мой ласковый и нежный зверь di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris) ), Nikita Mikhalkov and Marcello Mastroianni's Dark Eyes (1987), Louis Malle's Vanya on 42nd Street (1994), Anthony Hopkins's August (1996), Lanford Wilson's The Three Sisters (1997), among many others.-->

Karya-karyanya

Drama

Non fiksi

  • A Journey to Sakhalin (1895), termasuk:
    • Saghalien [or Sakhalin] Island (1891-1895)
    • Across Siberia
  • Letters

Cerita pendek

Banyak dari cerita-cerita yang lebih awal ditulis dengan nama samaran "Antosha Chekhonte".

  • "Intrigues" (1879-1884) - sembilan cerita
  • "Late-Blooming Flowers" (1882)
  • "The Death of a Government Clerk" (1883) (difilmkan di Indonesia oleh Syumanjaya dengan judul "Si Mamad")
  • "The Swedish Match" (1883)
  • "Lights" (1883-1888)
  • "Oysters" (1884)
  • "Perpetuum Mobile" (1884)
  • A Living Chronology (1885)
  • "Motley Stories" ("Pëstrye Rasskazy") (1886)
  • "Excellent People" (1886)
  • "Misery" (1886)
  • "The Princess" (1886)
  • "The Scholmaster" (1886)
  • "A Work of Art" (1886)
  • "Hydrophobia" (1886-1901)
  • "At Home" (1887)
  • "The Beggar" (1887)
  • "The Doctor" (1887)
  • "Enemies" (1887)
  • "The Examining Magistrate" (1887)
  • "Happiness" (1887)
  • "The Kiss" (1887)
  • "On Easter Eve" (1887)
  • "Typhus" (1887)
  • "Volodya" (1887)
  • "The Steppe" (1888) - memperoleh Penghargaan Pushkin
  • "An Attack of Nerves" (1888)
  • "An Awkward Business" (1888)
  • "The Beauties" (1888)
  • "The Swan Song" (1888)
  • "Sleepy" (1888)
  • "The Name-Day Party" (1888)
  • "A Boring Story" (1889)
  • "Gusev" (1890)
  • "The Horse Stealers" (1890)
  • "The Duel" (1891)
  • "Peasant Wives" (1891)
  • "Ward No 6" (1892)
  • "In Exile" (1892)
  • "The Grasshopper" (1892)
  • "Neighbours" (1892)
  • "Terror" (1892)
  • "My Wife" (1892)
  • "The Butterfly" (1892)
  • "The Two Volodyas" (1893)
  • "An Anonymous Story" (1893)
  • "The Black Monk" (1894)
  • "The Head Gardener's Story" (1894)
  • "Rothschild's Fiddle" (1894)
  • "The Student" (1894)
  • "The Teacher of Literature" (1894)
  • "A Woman's Kingdom" (1894)
  • "Three Years" (1895)
  • "Ariadne" (1895)
  • "Murder" (1895)
  • "The House with an Attic" (1896)
  • "My Life" (1896)
  • "Peasants" (1897)
  • "In the Cart" (1897)
  • "The Man in a Case", "Gooseberries", "About Love" - the 'Little Trilogy' (1898)
  • "Ionych" (1898)
  • "A Doctor's Visit" (1898)
  • "The New Villa" (1898)
  • "On Official Business" (1898)
  • "The Darling" (1899)
  • "The Lady with the Dog" (1899)
  • "At Christmas" (1899)
  • "In the Ravine" (1900)
  • "The Bishop" (1902)
  • "The Bet" (1889)
  • "Betrothed" atau "A Marriageable Girl" (1903)
  • "Agafya"
  • "The Pipe"
  • "The Lottery Ticket"
  • "Verochka"

Novel

Aneka rupa

  • Ada sebuah kawah di Merkurius yang dinamai Chekhov untuk menghormatinya.

Pranala luar

 
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