Praseodimium

₅₉Pr
Praseodimium
59PrPraseodimium
Sifat umum
Pengucapan	/praséodimium/
Penampilan	grayish white
Praseodimium dalam tabel periodik
	serium ← praseodimium → neodimium
Nomor atom (Z)	59
Golongan	golongan n/a
Periode	periode 6
Blok	blok-f
Kategori unsur	lantanida
Berat atom standar (Ar)	140,90766±0,00001; 140,91±0,01 (diringkas);
Konfigurasi elektron	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Elektron per kelopak	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Sifat fisik
Fase pada STS (0 °C dan 101,325 kPa)	padat
Titik lebur	1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F)
Titik didih	3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F)
Kepadatan mendekati s.k.	6.77 g/cm3
saat cair, pada t.l.	6.50 g/cm3
Kalor peleburan	6.89 kJ/mol
Kalor penguapan	331 kJ/mol
Kapasitas kalor molar	27.20 J/(mol·K)
Sifat atom
Bilangan oksidasi	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (oksida agak basa)
Elektronegativitas	Skala Pauling: 1.13
Energi ionisasi	ke-1: 527 kJ/mol ; ke-2: 1020 kJ/mol ; ke-3: 2086 kJ/mol
Jari-jari atom	empiris: 182 pm
Jari-jari kovalen	203±7 pm
Lain-lain
Kelimpahan alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	susunan padat heksagon ganda (dhcp)
Kecepatan suara batang ringan	2280 m/s (suhu 20 °C)
Ekspansi kalor	α, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Konduktivitas termal	12.5 W/(m·K)
Resistivitas listrik	α, poli: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Arah magnet	paramagnetik
Suseptibilitas magnetik molar	+5010.0·10−6 cm3/mol(293 K)
Modulus Young	α form: 37.3 GPa
Modulus Shear	α form: 14.8 GPa
Modulus curah	α form: 28.8 GPa
Rasio Poisson	α form: 0.281
Skala Vickers	250–745 MPa
Skala Brinell	250–640 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-10-0
Sejarah
Penemuan	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Isotop praseodimium yang utama
ε	142Ce
	lihat; bicara; sunting; \| referensi \| di Wikidata

Praseodimium adalah unsur kimia dengan lambang Pr dan nomor atom 59.

Referensi

^ (Indonesia) "Praseodimium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.
^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
^ Chen, Xin; et al. (13 Desember 2019). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.
^ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Artikel bertopik kimia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] (Indonesia) "Praseodimium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[4] Chen, Xin; et al. (13 Desember 2019). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.

[jackson-5] Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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