Dinasti Konbaung
Dinasti Konbaung (bahasa Burma: ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်, pengucapan bahasa Burma: [kóʊɰ̃bàʊɰ̃ kʰɪʔ]), juga dikenal sebagai Kekaisaran Burma Ketiga atau sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Dinasti Alompra atau Dinasti Alaungpaya, adalah dinasti terakhir yang memerintah Burma/Myanmar dari 1752 hingga 1885. Dinasti ini tumbuh menjadi kekaisaran terbesar dalam sejarah Myanmar dan melanjutkan kebijakan reformasi administrasi yang dimulai sejak masa dinasti Toungoo, yang menjadi fondasi negara Myanmar modern. Namun, reformasi tidak cukup untuk membendung kuatnya Imperium Britania, yang mengalahkan Burma dalam Perang Inggris-Burma yang berlangsung selama enam dasawarsa (1824-1885), sekaligus mengakhiri riwayat seribu tahun monarki Burma.
Konbaung ကုန်းဘောင် | |||||||||||||||||||||
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1752–1885 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lagu kebangsaan: စံရာတောင်ကျွန်းလုံးသူ့ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ibu kota | Shwebo (1752–1760) Sagaing (1760–1765) Ava (1765–1783, 1821–1842) Amarapura (1783–1821, 1842–1859) Mandalay (1859–1885) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Burma | ||||||||||||||||||||
Agama | Buddhisme Theravada | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pemerintahan | Monarki | ||||||||||||||||||||
• 1752–1760 | Alaungpaya (pertama) | ||||||||||||||||||||
• 1878–1885 | Thibaw (terakhir) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Legislatif | Hluttaw | ||||||||||||||||||||
Era Sejarah | Periode modern awal | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Pendirian | 29 Februari 1752 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Reunifikasi Burma | 1752–1757 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1760–1854 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1765–1769 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1824–1826, 1852, 1885 | |||||||||||||||||||||
• Akhir dinasti | 29 November 1885 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Luas | |||||||||||||||||||||
1824[1] | 647.497 km2 (250.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||
1826 | 584.000 km2 (225.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||
1852 | 470.000 km2 (180.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||
1875 | 460.000 km2 (180.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Populasi | |||||||||||||||||||||
• 1824[1] | 3.000.000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mata uang | Kyat (sejak 1852) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Sejarah Myanmar |
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Sebagai dinasti ekspansionis, raja-raja Konbaung kerap melancarkan serangan atas Manipur, Arakan, Assam, Pegu, Ayutthaya, hingga Tiongkok.
Dalam sejarahnya, ibu kota Konbaung pindah beberapa kali karena alasan religius, politik dan strategis.
Referensi
- ^ Harvey 1925, hlm. 333.
Sumber
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- Philips, Cyril Henry (1951). Handbook of Oriental History. 6. University of London School of Oriental and African Studies. hlm. 117, 121.
- Scott, James George (1882). The Burman, His Life and Notions. London: Macmillan.
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- Taw, Sein Ko (1913). Burmese Sketches. British Burma Press.
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- Yi, Yi (1982). "Life at the Burmese Court under the Konbaung Kings" (PDF). Silver Jubilee Publication (ငွေရတုသဘင် အထိမ်းအမှတ် စာစောင်). Rangoon: Historical Research Department: 100–147. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 4 March 2016. Diakses tanggal 28 October 2013.