Terra nullius

Terra nullius (pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [ˈtɛrə nʌˈlaɪ.əs]) adalah istilah dalam bahasa Latin yang berasal dari hukum Romawi, yang berarti "tanah yang tidak dimiliki siapapun". Istilah ini digunakan pada hukum internasional untuk wilayah tanpa kepemilikan. Wilayah terra nullius dapat dikuasai oleh suatu negara melalui pendudukan.^[1] Contoh terra nullius yang ada kini adalah:

Wilayah Bir Tawil antara Mesir dan Sudan, muncul bersama Segitiga Hala'ib setelah terjadinya perubahan perbatasan antara kedua negara. Kedua negara mengklaim kepemilikan Segitiga Hala'ib, sementara Bir Tawil tidak diklaim siapapun.
Marie Byrd Land di Antarktika belum diklaim oleh siapapun. Pada traktat Antarktika tahun 1959, penanda tangan traktat tersebut setuju untuk tidak mengklaim Marie Byrd Land, namun negara-negara yang tidak menandatanganinya dapat membuat klaim.
Perairan internasional
Objek-objek di luar angkasa seperti Bulan.

Pranala luar

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Social Justice Reports, 1994-2009 http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/sj_report/ and Native Title Reports, 1994-2009 http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/nt_report/index.html
A History of the concept of "Terra Nullius" The University of Sydney
Governor Burke's 1835 Proclamation of terra nullius NSW Migration Heritage Centre - Statement of Significance
Veracini L, An analysis of Michael Conner's denial of terra nullius (The Invention of Terra Nullius)
Terror Nullius (http://www.wulfdhund.de/rassismusanalyse/?Ergaenzungen:Australien)
[1] High Court of Australia - MABO AND OTHERS v. QUEENSLAND (No. 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 F.C. 92/014
[2] High Court of Australia - The Wik Peoples v The State of Queensland & Ors; The Thayorre People v The State of Queensland & Ors [1996] HCA 40 (23 December 1996)
[3] 1975 International Court of Justice - Advisory Opinion regarding Western Sahara
"History before European Settlement" Parliament of New South Wales - note mis-spelling as "terra nulius"
material on terra nullius - NSW Primary School curriculum
[4] R. v. Boatman or Jackass and Bulleye - Decisions of the Superior Courts of New South Wales, 1788-1899 (Published by the Division of Law, Macquarie University)

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^ "New Jersey v. New York, 523 US 767 (1998)". US Supreme Court. 26 May 1998. Diakses tanggal 29 Januari 2010. Even as to terra nullius, like a volcanic island or territory abandoned by its former sovereign, a claimant by right as against all others has more to do than planting a flag or rearing a monument. Since the 19th century the most generous settled view has been that discovery accompanied by symbolic acts give no more than "an inchoate title, an option, as against other states, to consolidate the first steps by proceeding to effective occupation within a reasonable time.8 I. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law 146 (4th ed.1990); see also 1 C. Hyde, International Law 329 (rev.2d ed.1945); 1 L. Oppenheim International Law §§222-223, pp. 439-441 (H. Lauterpacht 5th ed.1937); Hall A Treatise on International Law, at 102-103; 1 J. Moore, International Law 258 (1906); R. Phillimore, International Law 273 (2d ed. 1871); E. Vattel, Law of Nations, §208, p. 99 (J. Chitty 6th Am. ed. 1844).

[1] "New Jersey v. New York, 523 US 767 (1998)". US Supreme Court. 26 May 1998. Diakses tanggal 29 Januari 2010. Even as to terra nullius, like a volcanic island or territory abandoned by its former sovereign, a claimant by right as against all others has more to do than planting a flag or rearing a monument. Since the 19th century the most generous settled view has been that discovery accompanied by symbolic acts give no more than "an inchoate title, an option, as against other states, to consolidate the first steps by proceeding to effective occupation within a reasonable time.8 I. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law 146 (4th ed.1990); see also 1 C. Hyde, International Law 329 (rev.2d ed.1945); 1 L. Oppenheim International Law §§222-223, pp. 439-441 (H. Lauterpacht 5th ed.1937); Hall A Treatise on International Law, at 102-103; 1 J. Moore, International Law 258 (1906); R. Phillimore, International Law 273 (2d ed. 1871); E. Vattel, Law of Nations, §208, p. 99 (J. Chitty 6th Am. ed. 1844).

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