Wikipedia

Tinggi badan manusia

usia pertambahan tinggi manusia berdasarkan lempeng Efifis Dan Hormon Pertumbuhan
Revisi sejak 2 April 2012 15.32 oleh Mikhailov Kusserow (bicara | kontrib) (Bahasa Indonesia)

Tinggi badan manusia bergantung pada faktor lingkungan dan genetik. Tinggi badan manusia beragam menurut pengukuran antropometri. Kelainan variasi tinggi badan (sekitar 20% penyimpangan dari rata-rata) menyebabkan seseorang mengalami gigantisme atau dwarfisme, bila tak lebih dari variasi tersebut masih bisa dikatakan normal.

Contoh kecepatan pertumbuhan manusia menurut keadaan optimal (terima kasih kepada Richard Steckler).

Pertumbuhan rata-rata untuk setiap jenis kelamin dalam populasi berbeda secara bermakna, di mana pria dewasa rata-rata lebih tinggi daripada wanita dewasa. Selain itu, tinggi badan manusia juga berbeda menurut kelompok etnis.

Pertumbuhan tinggi badan biasanya berhenti ketika lempeng pertumbuhan (lempeng efifisis) di ujung tulang menutup. Penutupan ini terjadi sekitar usia 16 tahun pada wanita atau 18 tahun pada pria. Tetapi, kadang-kadang pada sebagian orang, baru menutup pada usia sekitar 20-21 tahun[CDC].


Negara/Negeri Rata-rata tinggi Pria Rata-rata tinggi Wanita Sampel penduduk /
rentang usia 		Metodologi Tahun Sumber
Algeria 1.727 m (5.666 ft 0 in) 20-30 Measured 2006–2008 [1]
Argentina 1.735 m (5.692 ft 3 in) 1.608 m (5.275 ft 7 in) 17 (healthy) Measured 1998–2001 [2]
Australia 1.748 m (5.734 ft 11 in) 1.634 m (5.360 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 18+ Measured 1995 [3]
Australia 1.784 m (5.853 ft 0 in) 1.645 m (5.397 ft 0 in) 18–24 Measured 1995 [3]
Austria 1.796 m (5.892 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.671 m (5.482 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Azerbaijan 1.718 m (5.636 ft 6 in) 1.654 m (5.426 ft 6 in) 16+ Measured 2005 [5]
Bahrain 1.651 m (5.416 ft 8 in) 1.542 m (5.059 ft 1⁄2 in) 19+ Measured 2002 [6]
Belgium 1.795 m (5.889 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.678 m (5.505 ft 3 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Bolivia – Aymara 1.600 m (5.249 ft 4 in) 1.422 m (4.665 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 20–29 Measured 1970 [7]
Kroatia 1.856 m (6.089 ft 3 in) 1.711 m (5.613 ft 6 in) 17 Measured 2005 [8]
Brazil 1.707 m (5.600 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.588 m (5.209 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 18+ Measured 2008–2009 [9]
Brazil 1.731 m (5.679 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.611 m (5.285 ft 5 in) 20–24 Measured 2008–2009 [9]
Bulgaria 1.752 m (5.748 ft 1⁄2 in) 1.632 m (5.354 ft 4 in) Measured 2010

[10]

Cameroon 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.613 m (5.292 ft 0 in) Urban adults Measured 2003 [11]
Canada 1.736 m (5.695 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.595 m (5.232 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 25+ Measured 2005 [12]
Canada 1.760 m (5.774 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.633 m (5.357 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 25–44 Measured 2005 [12]
Chile 1.710 m (5.610 ft 3 in) 1.591 m (5.219 ft 10 in) 15–24 Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.712 m (5.616 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.572 m (5.157 ft 6 in) 25–44 Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.683 m (5.521 ft 8 in) 1.543 m (5.062 ft 4 in) 45–64 Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.642 m (5.387 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.519 m (4.983 ft 7 in) 65+ Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.696 m (5.564 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.561 m (5.121 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 15+ Measured 2009–2010 [13]
China (PRC) 1.682 m (5.518 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.586 m (5.203 ft 5 in) Urban, 17 Measured 2002 [14]
China 1.643 m (5.390 ft 5 in) 1.550 m (5.085 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Rural, 17 Measured 2002 [14]
Colombia 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.587 m (5.206 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 18–22 Measured 2002 [15]
Pantai Gading 1.701 m (5.580 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 1.591 m (5.219 ft 10 in) 25–29 Measured 1985–1987 [16]
Czech Republic 1.803 m (5.915 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 16.720 m (54.855 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 17 Measured 2006 [17]
Denmark 1.806 m (5.925 ft 2+1⁄2 in) Conscripts, 18–19 Measured 2006 [18]
Egypt 1.703 m (5.587 ft 3 in) 1.589 m (5.213 ft 3 in) 20-24 Measured 2008 [19]
Estonia 1.791 m (5.876 ft 0 in) 17 Measured 2003 [20]
Finland 1.784 m (5.853 ft 0 in) 1.652 m (5.419 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 25–34 Measured 2007 [21]
France 1.741 m (5.711 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 1.619 m (5.311 ft 8 in) 20+ Measured 2001 [22]
France 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.646 m (5.400 ft 3 in) 20–29 Measured 2001 [22]
Ghana 1.665 m (5.462 ft 7 in) 1.585 m (5.200 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 25–29 Measured 1987–1989 [16]
Gambia 1.680 m (5.511 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.578 m (5.177 ft 2 in) Rural, 21–49 Measured 1950–1974 [23]
Germany 1.780 m (5.839 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) Adults Self-reported 2005 [24]
Germany 1.810 m (5.938 ft 4 in) 1.670 m (5.479 ft 0 in) 18–19 Self-reported 2005 [24]
Greece 1.781 m (5.843 ft 2 in) Conscripts, 18–26 Measured 2006–2007 [25]
Hong Kong 1.717 m (5.633 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 1.587 m (5.206 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 18 Measured 2006 [26]
Hungary 1.760 m (5.774 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.640 m (5.380 ft 7 in) Adults Measured 2000s [27]
Hungary 1.773 m (5.816 ft 11 in) 18 Measured 2008 [28]
India 1.645 m (5.397 ft 0 in) 1.520 m (4.986 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 20 Measured 2005–2006 [29][30]
India 1.612 m (5.288 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 1.521 m (4.990 ft 2 in) Rural, 17+ Measured 2007 [31]
Indonesia 1.608 m (5.275 ft 7 in) 1.504 m (4.934 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 50+ Self-reported 1997 [32]
Iran 1.703 m (5.587 ft 3 in) 1.572 m (5.157 ft 6 in) 21+ Measured 2005 [33]
Iran 1.734 m (5.688 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 1.598 m (5.242 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Measured 2005 [33]
Iraq – Baghdad 1.694 m (5.557 ft 9 in) 1.558 m (5.111 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 18–44 Measured 1999–2000 [34]
Ireland 1.774 m (5.820 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 1.644 m (5.393 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Israel 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.660 m (5.446 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 18–21 Measured 2010 [35]
Italy 1.760 m (5.774 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 18–40 Measured 2005 [36]
Jamaica 1.718 m (5.636 ft 6 in) 1.608 m (5.275 ft 7 in) 25–74 Measured 1994–1996

[37]

Japan 1.695 m (5.561 ft 1⁄2 in) 1.570 m (5.150 ft 11 in) 19 Measured 2006 [38]
Libya 1.793 m (5.882 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.684 m (5.524 ft 11 in) 18 Measured 2006 [39]
Lithuania 1.813 m (5.948 ft 2 in) 1.675 m (5.495 ft 5 in) 18 Measured 2005 [40]
Malaysia 1.627 m (5.337 ft 11 in) 1.513 m (4.963 ft 11 in) 20+ Measured 1996 [41]
Malta 1.699 m (5.574 ft 2 in) 1.599 m (5.246 ft 1 in) Adults Self-reported 2003 [42]
Malta 1.752 m (5.748 ft 1⁄2 in) 1.638 m (5.374 ft 0 in) 25–34 Self-reported 2003 [42]
Malawi 1.660 m (5.446 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 1.550 m (5.085 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Urban, 16–60 Measured 2000 [43]
Mali 1.713 m (5.620 ft 1 in) 1.604 m (5.262 ft 5+1⁄2 in) Rural adults Measured 1992 [44]
Mexico – Morelos 1.670 m (5.479 ft 0 in) 1.550 m (5.085 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Adults Self-reported 1998 [45]
Mexico 1.630 m (5.347 ft 9 in) 1.510 m (4.954 ft 1 in) 50+ Measured 2001 [46]
Mongolia 1.654 m (5.426 ft 6 in) 1.567 m (5.141 ft 1 in) 25–34 Measured 2006 [47]
Netherlands 1.799 m (5.902 ft 3 in) 1.667 m (5.469 ft 2 in) 25+ Self-reported 2009 [48]
Netherlands 1.837 m (6.026 ft 11 in) 1.693 m (5.554 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 25–34 Self-reported 2009 [48]
New Zealand 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 19–45 Estimates 1993–2007 [49]
New Zealand 1.745 m (5.725 ft 1 in) 1.630 m (5.347 ft 9 in) 45–65 Estimates 1993–2007 [49]
Nigeria 1.618 m (5.308 ft 5 in) 1.578 m (5.177 ft 2 in) 18–74 Measured 1994–1996

[37]

Norway 1.795 m (5.889 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.672 m (5.485 ft 7 in) Conscripts, 18–19 Measured 2010 [50]
Norway 1.820 m (5.971 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.690 m (5.544 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 20–29 Measured 2010 [51]
Peru 1.640 m (5.380 ft 7 in) 1.510 m (4.954 ft 1 in) 20+ Measured 2005 [52]
Philippines 1.609 m (5.278 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.502 m (4.927 ft 10 in) 20+ Measured 2003 [53]
Philippines 1.624 m (5.328 ft 1 in) 1.517 m (4.977 ft 1⁄2 in) 20–39 Measured 2003 [53]
Poland 1.785 m (5.856 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.651 m (5.416 ft 8 in) 18 Measured 2010 [54]
Portugal 1.728 m (5.669 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Conscripts, 21 Measured 1998–99 [55]
Singapore 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.600 m (5.249 ft 4 in) 17–25 2003 [56]
Slovakia 1.794 m (5.885 ft 10 in) 1.656 m (5.433 ft 1 in) 18 Measured 2004 [57]
South Africa 1.690 m (5.544 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 1.590 m (5.216 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 25–34 Measured 1998 [58]
South Korea 1.689 m (5.541 ft 4 in) 1.581 m (5.187 ft 0 in) 19 Measured 2006 [59]
Spain 1.761 m (5.777 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.655 m (5.429 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Spain 1.780 m (5.839 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 21 Measured 1998–2000 [60]
Sweden 1.779 m (5.836 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 1.646 m (5.400 ft 3 in) 20–74 [61]
Sweden 1.815 m (5.954 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 1.668 m (5.472 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 20–29 Measured 2008 [62]
Switzerland 1.754 m (5.754 ft 7 in) 1.640 m (5.380 ft 7 in) 20–74 [61]
Switzerland 1.781 m (5.843 ft 2 in) Conscripts, 18–21 Measured 2005 [63]
Switzerland 1.782 m (5.846 ft 5+1⁄2 in) Conscripts, 19 Measured 2009 [64]
Thailand 1.645 m (5.397 ft 0 in) 1.543 m (5.062 ft 4 in) STOU university student Self-reported 1991–1995 [65]
Turkey – Ankara 1.740 m (5.708 ft 8 in) 1.589 m (5.213 ft 3 in) 18–59 Measured 2004–2006 [66]
Turkey – Ankara 1.761 m (5.777 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.620 m (5.314 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 18–29 Measured 2004–2006 [66]
Turkey – Edirne 1.737 m (5.698 ft 10 in) 1.614 m (5.295 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 17 Measured 2001 [67]
United Arab Emirates 1.734 m (5.688 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 1.564 m (5.131 ft 3 in) 2008 [68]
U.K. – England 1.776 m (5.826 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.637 m (5.370 ft 9 in) 25–34 Measured 2008 [69]
U.K. – England 1.753 m (5.751 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.616 m (5.301 ft 10 in) Adults Measured 2008 [69]
U.K. – Scotland 1.782 m (5.846 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 1.635 m (5.364 ft 2 in) 25–34 Measured 2008 [70]
U.K. – Scotland 1.750 m (5.741 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 1.613 m (5.292 ft 0 in) Adults Measured 2008 [70]
U.K. – Wales 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.620 m (5.314 ft 11+1⁄2 in) Adults Measured 2009 [71]
U.S. 1.763 m (5.784 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.622 m (5.321 ft 6+1⁄2 in) All Americans, 20+ Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.776 m (5.826 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.632 m (5.354 ft 4 in) All Americans, 20–29 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.789 m (5.869 ft 5 in) 1.648 m (5.406 ft 10 in) White Americans, 20–39 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.780 m (5.839 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.632 m (5.354 ft 4 in) Black Americans, 20–39 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.587 m (5.206 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Mexican Americans, 20–39 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
Vietnam 1.621 m (5.318 ft 3 in) 1.522 m (4.993 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 25–29 Measured 1992–1993 [16]
Vietnam 1.657 m (5.436 ft 4 in) 1.552 m (5.091 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 20-25 students Measured 2006–2007 [73]
  1. ^ http://forums.interbasket.net/f10/average-male-height-by-country-updated-9287
  2. ^ del Pino, Mariana; Bay, Luisa; Lejarraga, Horacio; Kovalskys, Irina; Berner, Enrique; Herscovici, Cecile Rausch (2005). "Peso y estatura de una muestra nacional de 1.971 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años: las referencias argentinas continúan vigentes". Archivos argentinos de pediatría (dalam bahasa Spanish). 103 (4): 323–30. 
  3. ^ a b "ABS How Australians Measure Up 1995 data" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  4. ^ a b c d http://www.econ.upf.edu/docs/papers/downloads/1002.pdf The Evolution of Adult Height in Europe
  5. ^ "Azerbaijan State Statistics Committee, 2005". Today.az. 2005-05-07. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  6. ^ "Ministry.cdr" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  7. ^ Bogin, Barry (1999). Google Books: "Patterns of Human Growth;" Barry Bogin; 1999. ISBN 9780521564380. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  8. ^ Pineau JC, Delamarche P, Bozinovic S (2005). "[Average height of adolescents in the Dinaric Alps]". C. R. Biol. (dalam bahasa French). 328 (9): 841–6. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.07.004. PMID 16168365.  . Note: Authors added +1 cm to the height mean of the male sample to compensate unfinished growth.
  9. ^ a b "IBGE(2010)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  10. ^ "Софиянци: високи, главно непушачи, средно дебели". Bnews.bg. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  11. ^ Kamadjeu RM, Edwards R, Atanga JS, Kiawi EC, Unwin N, Mbanya JC (2006). "Anthropometry measures and prevalence of obesity in the urban adult population of Cameroon: an update from the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey". BMC Public Health. 6: 228. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-228. PMC 1579217 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 16970806. 
  12. ^ a b Methodological Issues in Anthropometry: Self-reported versus Measured Height and Weight, by Margot Shields, Sarah Connor Gorber, Mark S. Tremblay
  13. ^ a b c d e "Capítulo V: Resultados" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-21. 
  14. ^ a b Yang XG; Li YP; Ma GS; et al. (2005). "[Study on weight and height of the Chinese people and the differences between 1992 and 2002]". Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi (dalam bahasa Chinese). 26 (7): 489–93. PMID 16334998. 
  15. ^ "A TROPICAL SUCCESS STORY: A CENTURY OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BIOLOGICAL STANDARD OF LIVING, COLOMBIA 1910–2002" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  16. ^ a b c "Productive Benefits of Improving Health: Evidence from Low-Income Countries, T. Paul Schultz*". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  17. ^ Econ Hum Biol. 2006 Jun;4(2):237–52. Two centuries of growth among Czech children and youth. Vignerová J, Brabec M, Bláha P.
  18. ^ "DST Statistical Yearbook 2007". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  19. ^ Egypt - Demographic and Health Survey 2008. http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR220/FR220.pdf
  20. ^ Lintsi M, Kaarma H (2006). "Growth of Estonian seventeen-year-old boys during the last two centuries". Economics and Human Biology. 4 (1): 89–103. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2005.05.007. PMID 15993666. 
  21. ^ 152. Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E: FINRISK 2007. http://www.ktl.fi/attachments/suomi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja_b/2008/2008b35.pdf
  22. ^ a b "324912r071a090" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  23. ^ "Anthropometric status and adult mortality in the Gambia" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  24. ^ a b "mikrozensus_2005.indd" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  25. ^ Papadimitriou A, Fytanidis G, Douros K, Papadimitriou DT, Nicolaidou P, Fretzayas A (2008). "Greek young men grow taller". Acta Paediatrica. 97 (8): 1105–7. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00855.x. PMID 18477057. 
  26. ^ "1471-2458-8-320.fm" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  27. ^ Average height of men and women (National Geographic, Hungarian)
  28. ^ J Physiol Anthropol. 2008 Sep;27(5):241-5. Body mass and body fat in Hungarian schoolboys: differences between 1980-2005. Mészáros Z, Mészáros J, Völgyi E, Sziva A, Pampakas P, Prókai A, Szmodis M.
  29. ^ "Angus Deaton, 2008" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  30. ^ Neelam Raaj, TNN, 13 April 2008, 02:08am IST (2008-04-13). "Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  31. ^ Venkaiah K, Damayanti K, Nayak MU, Vijayaraghavan K (2002). "Diet and nutritional status of rural adolescents in India". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 56 (11): 1119–25. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601457. PMID 12428178. 
  32. ^ "Indonesia Family Life Survey,1997". Repositories.cdlib.org. 2003-04-01. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  33. ^ a b http://diglib.tums.ac.ir/pub/magmng/pdf/6079.pdf Secular Trend of Height Variations in Iranian Population Born between 1940 and 1984
  34. ^ http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food/fnb23-4.pdf Relationship between waist circumference and blood pressure among the population in Baghdad,Iraq,Haifa Tawfeek
  35. ^ http://www.health-pages.co.il/article.php?article_id=1667
  36. ^ Altezza media per sesso e regione per le persone di 18–40 anni, anno 2006, Received from ISTAT 11 Feb. 2009
  37. ^ a b Okosun IS, Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Osotimehin B, Forrester T (1998). "Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans". Diabetes Care. 21 (11): 1836–42. doi:10.2337/diacare.21.11.1836. PMID 9802730. 
  38. ^ "Official Statistics by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology". Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  39. ^ 136. Anthropol Anz. 2005 Mar;63(1):29-44. Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians. Tutkuviene J.
  40. ^ 136. Anthropol Anz. 2005 Mar;63(1):29-44. Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians. Tutkuviene J.
  41. ^ Distribution of Body Weight, Height and Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Malaysian Adults[pranala nonaktif]
  42. ^ a b 2003 study. A 2007 Eurostat study revealed the same results – the average Maltese person is 164.9cm (5'4.9") compared to the EU average of 169.6 cm (5'6.7").
  43. ^ Msamati BC, Igbigbi PS (2000). "Anthropometric profile of urban adult black Malawians". East African Medical Journal. 77 (7): 364–8. PMID 12862154. 
  44. ^ "Nutritional status of adults in rural Mali,Katherine A. Dettwyler". .interscience.wiley.com. 1990-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  45. ^ "Indice de masa corporal y percepción de la imagen corporal en una población adulta mexicana: la precisión del autorreporte" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  46. ^ "Microsoft Word - 40E0623B-4314-084CC8.doc" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  47. ^ http://www.who.int/chp/steps/27%20December%202006%20Mongolia%20STEPS%20Survey.pdf
  48. ^ a b "Zelfgerapporteerde medische consumptie, gezondheid en leefstijl, Central Bureau of Statistics, 16 March 2009, accessed November 28, 2010". Statline.cbs.nl. 2010-03-16. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  49. ^ a b (page 60) Size and Shape of New Zealanders: NZ Norms for Anthropometric Data 1993****. Based on British norms and their relations to New Zealand values
  50. ^ "Statistics Norway". Ssb.no. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  51. ^ http://www.helsedirektoratet.no/vp/multimedia/archive/00318/Fysisk_form_blant_v_318069a.pdf
  52. ^ "Microsoft Word - BOL_22_1_.doc" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  53. ^ a b 6th National Nutrition Survey
  54. ^ Polish 2010 growth references for school-aged children and adolescents. Kułaga Z, Litwin M, Tkaczyk M, Palczewska I, Zajączkowska M, Zwolińska D, Krynicki T, Wasilewska A, Moczulska A, Morawiec-Knysak A, Barwicka K, Grajda A, Gurzkowska B, Napieralska E, Pan H. Eur J Pediatr. 2010 Oct 23. Note: The values represent averages, not medians listed in the study.
  55. ^ "2363" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  56. ^ Deurenberg et al. 2003
  57. ^ Ľ. Ševčíková, J. Nováková, J. Hamade, M. Tatara: Rast a vývojové trendy slovenských detí a mládeže za posledných 10 rokov [Growth and development trends in Slovak children and adolescents during the last 10 years]. In: Životné podmienky a zdravie [Living conditions and health]. Editor: Ľubica Ághová. Bratislava 2004. http://www.fmed.uniba.sk/fileadmin/user_upload/editors/ustavy/hygiena/ZPaZ2004.pdf
  58. ^ "SOUTH AFRICA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY – 1998" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  59. ^ Korea.net[pranala nonaktif]
  60. ^ "Los niños españoles han crecido una media de diez centímetros en 16 años • ELPAÍS.com". Elpais.com. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  61. ^ a b Cavelaars et al 2000.
  62. ^ "Dagens Nyheter (2008-02-29)". Dn.se. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-04. 
  63. ^ Rühli FJ, Henneberg M, Schaer DJ, Imhof A, Schleiffenbaum B, Woitek U (2008). "Determinants of inter-individual cholesterol level variation in an unbiased young male sample". Swiss Medical Weekly. 138 (19–20): 286–91. doi:2008/19/smw-11971 Periksa nilai |doi= (bantuan). PMID 18491242. 
  64. ^ Staub, Kaspar (30). "The average height of 18- and 19-year-old conscripts (N=458,322) in Switzerland from 1992 to 2009, and the secular height trend since 1878". Swiss Medical Weekly. doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13238. Diakses tanggal 9 August 2011. 
  65. ^ "Obesity among STOU students by STOU Health research project" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  66. ^ a b Özer, Basak Koca (2008). "Secular trend in body height and weight of Turkish adults". Anthropological Science. 116 (3): 191. doi:10.1537/ase.061213. 
  67. ^ Oner N; Vatansever U; Sari A; et al. (2004). "Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in Turkish adolescents". Swiss Medical Weekly. 134 (35–36): 529–33. doi:2004/35/smw-10740 Periksa nilai |doi= (bantuan). PMID 15517506. 
  68. ^ Abdulrazzaq, Yousef M; Moussa, Mohamed A; Nagelkerke, Nicolaas (2008). "National Growth Charts for the United Arab Emirates". J Epidemiol. 18 (6): 295–303. doi:10.2188/jea.JE2008037. PMID 19075495. 
  69. ^ a b "Health Survey for England 2008". Ic.nhs.uk. 2009-12-17. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  70. ^ a b The Scottish Health Survey 2008
  71. ^ "The Welsh Health Survey 2009". Wales.gov.uk. 2010-09-15. Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  72. ^ a b c d e "National Health Statistics Reports, Number 10, (October 22, 2008)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-01-22. 
  73. ^ "The impact of environment on morphological and physical indexes of Vietnamese and South Korean students, Mai Van Hung*, Sunyoung Park*" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2011-02-14. 
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Tinggi_badan_manusia&oldid=5371300"