Wikipedia

Tinggi badan manusia

Usia Pertambahan Tinggi Manusia Berdasarkan Lempeng Efifis Dan Hormon Pertumbuhan
Revisi sejak 5 Mei 2012 09.18 oleh Elemen19 (bicara | kontrib)

Tinggi badan manusia bergantung pada faktor lingkungan dan genetik. Tinggi badan manusia beragam menurut pengukuran antropometri. Kelainan variasi tinggi badan (sekitar 20% penyimpangan dari rata-rata) menyebabkan seseorang mengalami gigantisme atau dwarfisme, bila tak lebih dari variasi tersebut masih bisa dikatakan normal.

Contoh kecepatan pertumbuhan manusia menurut keadaan optimal (terima kasih kepada Richard Steckler).

Pertumbuhan rata-rata untuk setiap jenis kelamin dalam populasi berbeda secara bermakna, di mana pria dewasa rata-rata lebih tinggi daripada wanita dewasa. Selain itu, tinggi badan manusia juga berbeda menurut kelompok etnis.

Pertumbuhan tinggi badan biasanya berhenti ketika lempeng pertumbuhan (lempeng efifisis) di ujung tulang menutup. Penutupan ini terjadi sekitar usia 16 tahun pada wanita atau 18 tahun pada pria. Tetapi, kadang-kadang pada sebagian orang, baru menutup pada usia sekitar 20-21 tahun[CDC].

Namun ada beberapa informasi yang menyebutkan tinggi badan khususnya pada tulang rawan intervertebralis dan efifisis masih dapat bertumbuh pada usia diatas 25 tahun, sebagaimana mana di jelaskan pada http://www.tinggibadan.com yang membantah teori yang mengatakan pertumbuhan berhenti di usia 16 tahun pada wanita dan 18 tahun pada pria.


Negara/Negeri Rata-rata tinggi Pria Rata-rata tinggi Wanita Sampel penduduk /
rentang usia 		Metodologi Tahun Sumber
Algeria 1.727 m (5.666 ft 0 in) 20-30 Measured 2006–2008 [1]
Argentina 1.735 m (5.692 ft 3 in) 1.608 m (5.275 ft 7 in) 17 (healthy) Measured 1998–2001 [2]
Australia 1.748 m (5.734 ft 11 in) 1.634 m (5.360 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 18+ Measured 1995 [3]
Australia 1.784 m (5.853 ft 0 in) 1.645 m (5.397 ft 0 in) 18–24 Measured 1995 [3]
Austria 1.796 m (5.892 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.671 m (5.482 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Azerbaijan 1.718 m (5.636 ft 6 in) 1.654 m (5.426 ft 6 in) 16+ Measured 2005 [5]
Bahrain 1.651 m (5.416 ft 8 in) 1.542 m (5.059 ft 1⁄2 in) 19+ Measured 2002 [6]
Belgium 1.795 m (5.889 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.678 m (5.505 ft 3 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Bolivia – Aymara 1.600 m (5.249 ft 4 in) 1.422 m (4.665 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 20–29 Measured 1970 [7]
Kroatia 1.856 m (6.089 ft 3 in) 1.711 m (5.613 ft 6 in) 17 Measured 2005 [8]
Brazil 1.707 m (5.600 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.588 m (5.209 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 18+ Measured 2008–2009 [9]
Brazil 1.731 m (5.679 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.611 m (5.285 ft 5 in) 20–24 Measured 2008–2009 [9]
Bulgaria 1.752 m (5.748 ft 1⁄2 in) 1.632 m (5.354 ft 4 in) Measured 2010

[10]

Cameroon 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.613 m (5.292 ft 0 in) Urban adults Measured 2003 [11]
Canada 1.736 m (5.695 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.595 m (5.232 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 25+ Measured 2005 [12]
Canada 1.760 m (5.774 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.633 m (5.357 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 25–44 Measured 2005 [12]
Chile 1.710 m (5.610 ft 3 in) 1.591 m (5.219 ft 10 in) 15–24 Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.712 m (5.616 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.572 m (5.157 ft 6 in) 25–44 Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.683 m (5.521 ft 8 in) 1.543 m (5.062 ft 4 in) 45–64 Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.642 m (5.387 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.519 m (4.983 ft 7 in) 65+ Measured 2009–2010 [13]
Chile 1.696 m (5.564 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.561 m (5.121 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 15+ Measured 2009–2010 [13]
China (PRC) 1.682 m (5.518 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 1.586 m (5.203 ft 5 in) Urban, 17 Measured 2002 [14]
China 1.643 m (5.390 ft 5 in) 1.550 m (5.085 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Rural, 17 Measured 2002 [14]
Colombia 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.587 m (5.206 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 18–22 Measured 2002 [15]
Pantai Gading 1.701 m (5.580 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 1.591 m (5.219 ft 10 in) 25–29 Measured 1985–1987 [16]
Czech Republic 1.803 m (5.915 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 16.720 m (54.855 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 17 Measured 2006 [17]
Denmark 1.806 m (5.925 ft 2+1⁄2 in) Conscripts, 18–19 Measured 2006 [18]
Egypt 1.703 m (5.587 ft 3 in) 1.589 m (5.213 ft 3 in) 20-24 Measured 2008 [19]
Estonia 1.791 m (5.876 ft 0 in) 17 Measured 2003 [20]
Finland 1.784 m (5.853 ft 0 in) 1.652 m (5.419 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 25–34 Measured 2007 [21]
France 1.741 m (5.711 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 1.619 m (5.311 ft 8 in) 20+ Measured 2001 [22]
France 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.646 m (5.400 ft 3 in) 20–29 Measured 2001 [22]
Ghana 1.665 m (5.462 ft 7 in) 1.585 m (5.200 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 25–29 Measured 1987–1989 [16]
Gambia 1.680 m (5.511 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.578 m (5.177 ft 2 in) Rural, 21–49 Measured 1950–1974 [23]
Germany 1.780 m (5.839 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) Adults Self-reported 2005 [24]
Germany 1.810 m (5.938 ft 4 in) 1.670 m (5.479 ft 0 in) 18–19 Self-reported 2005 [24]
Greece 1.781 m (5.843 ft 2 in) Conscripts, 18–26 Measured 2006–2007 [25]
Hong Kong 1.717 m (5.633 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 1.587 m (5.206 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 18 Measured 2006 [26]
Hungary 1.760 m (5.774 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.640 m (5.380 ft 7 in) Adults Measured 2000s [27]
Hungary 1.773 m (5.816 ft 11 in) 18 Measured 2008 [28]
India 1.645 m (5.397 ft 0 in) 1.520 m (4.986 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 20 Measured 2005–2006 [29][30]
India 1.612 m (5.288 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 1.521 m (4.990 ft 2 in) Rural, 17+ Measured 2007 [31]
Indonesia 1.608 m (5.275 ft 7 in) 1.504 m (4.934 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 50+ Self-reported 1997 [32]
Iran 1.703 m (5.587 ft 3 in) 1.572 m (5.157 ft 6 in) 21+ Measured 2005 [33]
Iran 1.734 m (5.688 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 1.598 m (5.242 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Measured 2005 [33]
Iraq – Baghdad 1.694 m (5.557 ft 9 in) 1.558 m (5.111 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 18–44 Measured 1999–2000 [34]
Ireland 1.774 m (5.820 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 1.644 m (5.393 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Israel 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.660 m (5.446 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 18–21 Measured 2010 [35]
Italy 1.760 m (5.774 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 18–40 Measured 2005 [36]
Jamaica 1.718 m (5.636 ft 6 in) 1.608 m (5.275 ft 7 in) 25–74 Measured 1994–1996

[37]

Japan 1.695 m (5.561 ft 1⁄2 in) 1.570 m (5.150 ft 11 in) 19 Measured 2006 [38]
Libya 1.793 m (5.882 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.684 m (5.524 ft 11 in) 18 Measured 2006 [39]
Lithuania 1.813 m (5.948 ft 2 in) 1.675 m (5.495 ft 5 in) 18 Measured 2005 [40]
Malaysia 1.627 m (5.337 ft 11 in) 1.513 m (4.963 ft 11 in) 20+ Measured 1996 [41]
Malta 1.699 m (5.574 ft 2 in) 1.599 m (5.246 ft 1 in) Adults Self-reported 2003 [42]
Malta 1.752 m (5.748 ft 1⁄2 in) 1.638 m (5.374 ft 0 in) 25–34 Self-reported 2003 [42]
Malawi 1.660 m (5.446 ft 2+1⁄2 in) 1.550 m (5.085 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Urban, 16–60 Measured 2000 [43]
Mali 1.713 m (5.620 ft 1 in) 1.604 m (5.262 ft 5+1⁄2 in) Rural adults Measured 1992 [44]
Mexico – Morelos 1.670 m (5.479 ft 0 in) 1.550 m (5.085 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Adults Self-reported 1998 [45]
Mexico 1.630 m (5.347 ft 9 in) 1.510 m (4.954 ft 1 in) 50+ Measured 2001 [46]
Mongolia 1.654 m (5.426 ft 6 in) 1.567 m (5.141 ft 1 in) 25–34 Measured 2006 [47]
Netherlands 1.799 m (5.902 ft 3 in) 1.667 m (5.469 ft 2 in) 25+ Self-reported 2009 [48]
Netherlands 1.837 m (6.026 ft 11 in) 1.693 m (5.554 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 25–34 Self-reported 2009 [48]
New Zealand 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 19–45 Estimates 1993–2007 [49]
New Zealand 1.745 m (5.725 ft 1 in) 1.630 m (5.347 ft 9 in) 45–65 Estimates 1993–2007 [49]
Nigeria 1.618 m (5.308 ft 5 in) 1.578 m (5.177 ft 2 in) 18–74 Measured 1994–1996

[37]

Norway 1.795 m (5.889 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.672 m (5.485 ft 7 in) Conscripts, 18–19 Measured 2010 [50]
Norway 1.820 m (5.971 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.690 m (5.544 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 20–29 Measured 2010 [51]
Peru 1.640 m (5.380 ft 7 in) 1.510 m (4.954 ft 1 in) 20+ Measured 2005 [52]
Philippines 1.609 m (5.278 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.502 m (4.927 ft 10 in) 20+ Measured 2003 [53]
Philippines 1.624 m (5.328 ft 1 in) 1.517 m (4.977 ft 1⁄2 in) 20–39 Measured 2003 [53]
Poland 1.785 m (5.856 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.651 m (5.416 ft 8 in) 18 Measured 2010 [54]
Portugal 1.728 m (5.669 ft 3+1⁄2 in) Conscripts, 21 Measured 1998–99 [55]
Singapore 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.600 m (5.249 ft 4 in) 17–25 2003 [56]
Slovakia 1.794 m (5.885 ft 10 in) 1.656 m (5.433 ft 1 in) 18 Measured 2004 [57]
South Africa 1.690 m (5.544 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 1.590 m (5.216 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 25–34 Measured 1998 [58]
South Korea 1.689 m (5.541 ft 4 in) 1.581 m (5.187 ft 0 in) 19 Measured 2006 [59]
Spain 1.761 m (5.777 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.655 m (5.429 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 21–25 Self Reported 1997–2002 [4]
Spain 1.780 m (5.839 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.650 m (5.413 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 21 Measured 1998–2000 [60]
Sweden 1.779 m (5.836 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 1.646 m (5.400 ft 3 in) 20–74 [61]
Sweden 1.815 m (5.954 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 1.668 m (5.472 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 20–29 Measured 2008 [62]
Switzerland 1.754 m (5.754 ft 7 in) 1.640 m (5.380 ft 7 in) 20–74 [61]
Switzerland 1.781 m (5.843 ft 2 in) Conscripts, 18–21 Measured 2005 [63]
Switzerland 1.782 m (5.846 ft 5+1⁄2 in) Conscripts, 19 Measured 2009 [64]
Thailand 1.645 m (5.397 ft 0 in) 1.543 m (5.062 ft 4 in) STOU university student Self-reported 1991–1995 [65]
Turkey – Ankara 1.740 m (5.708 ft 8 in) 1.589 m (5.213 ft 3 in) 18–59 Measured 2004–2006 [66]
Turkey – Ankara 1.761 m (5.777 ft 6+1⁄2 in) 1.620 m (5.314 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 18–29 Measured 2004–2006 [66]
Turkey – Edirne 1.737 m (5.698 ft 10 in) 1.614 m (5.295 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 17 Measured 2001 [67]
United Arab Emirates 1.734 m (5.688 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 1.564 m (5.131 ft 3 in) 2008 [68]
U.K. – England 1.776 m (5.826 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.637 m (5.370 ft 9 in) 25–34 Measured 2008 [69]
U.K. – England 1.753 m (5.751 ft 3+1⁄2 in) 1.616 m (5.301 ft 10 in) Adults Measured 2008 [69]
U.K. – Scotland 1.782 m (5.846 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 1.635 m (5.364 ft 2 in) 25–34 Measured 2008 [70]
U.K. – Scotland 1.750 m (5.741 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 1.613 m (5.292 ft 0 in) Adults Measured 2008 [70]
U.K. – Wales 1.770 m (5.807 ft 1 in) 1.620 m (5.314 ft 11+1⁄2 in) Adults Measured 2009 [71]
U.S. 1.763 m (5.784 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.622 m (5.321 ft 6+1⁄2 in) All Americans, 20+ Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.776 m (5.826 ft 9+1⁄2 in) 1.632 m (5.354 ft 4 in) All Americans, 20–29 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.789 m (5.869 ft 5 in) 1.648 m (5.406 ft 10 in) White Americans, 20–39 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.780 m (5.839 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 1.632 m (5.354 ft 4 in) Black Americans, 20–39 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
U.S. 1.706 m (5.597 ft 1+1⁄2 in) 1.587 m (5.206 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Mexican Americans, 20–39 Measured 2003–2006 [72]
Vietnam 1.621 m (5.318 ft 3 in) 1.522 m (4.993 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 25–29 Measured 1992–1993 [16]
Vietnam 1.657 m (5.436 ft 4 in) 1.552 m (5.091 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 20-25 students Measured 2006–2007 [73]
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