Abayudaya: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Aranmaan!! (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
Aranmaan!! (bicara | kontrib) Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
||
Baris 14:
Diperkirakan terdapat kurang lebih 2.000 Abayudaya, yang sebelumnya pernah mencapai 3.000 sebelum berlangsungnya penindasan oleh rezim [[Idi Amin]]. Seperti tetangga-tetangganya, mereka bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Sebagian besar Abayudaya berlatar belakang [[Bagwere]], kecuali mereka dari [[Namutumba]] yang berlatar belakang [[Basoga]]. Mereka menuturkan bahasa [[bahasa Luganda|Luganda]], [[bahasa Lusoga|Lusoga]], atau [[Lugwere]], walaupun beberapa telah mempelajari [[bahasa Ibrani]].
== Sejarah ==
Kelompok ini berutang pada pemimpin militer Muganda bernama [[Semei Kakungulu]]. Awalnya, Kakungulu menjadi [[Umat Kristen|Kristen]] oleh misionaris Inggris sekitar tahun 1880. Dia percaya bahwa Inggris akan mengizinkannya menjadi raja di wilayah [[Bukedi]] dan [[Bugisu]], yang telah dia taklukkan dalam pertempuran untuk mereka. Namun, ketika Inggris membatasi wilayahnya pada ukuran yang jauh lebih kecil dan menolak untuk mengakuinya sebagai raja seperti yang mereka janjikan, Kakungulu mulai menjauhkan diri dari mereka. Beberapa waktu kemudian, ia menjadi anggota dari [[Serikat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa|Sekte Bamalaki]], sekte yang mengikuti sistem kepercayaan yang menggabungkan unsur-unsur [[Kekristenan|Kristen]], [[Yudaisme]] dan [[Christian Science|Ilmu Kristen]], terutama, penolakan untuk menggunakan pengobatan barat (berdasarkan beberapa kalimat yang diambil dari [[Perjanjian Lama]]). Hal ini menimbulkan konflik dengan Inggris ketika Bamalaki menolak untuk memvaksinasi ternak mereka. Namun, setelah mempelajari [[Alkitab]] lebih lanjut, Kakungulu menjadi percaya bahwa adat istiadat dan hukum yang dijelaskan dalam lima kitab pertama Musa ([[Torah]]) sepenuhnya benar. Pada tahun 1919, Kakungulu bersikeras untuk disunat seperti yang ditentukan dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]], Bamalaki menolak dan mengatakan kepadanya bahwa, jika dia melakukan penyunatan, dia akan menjadi seperti orang Yahudi. Lalu, Kakungulu berkata: "''Kalau begitu, aku (seorang) Yahudi!''". He circumcised his sons and himself and declared that his community was Jewish. According to Henry Lubega,<ref>[http://www.ugandamission.org/news/Abayudaya.htm Mbale’s Jews By Henry Lubega] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040517085541/http://www.ugandamission.org/news/Abayudaya.htm |date=2004-05-17 }}</ref> "he fled to the foot of [[Mt. Elgon]] and settled in a place called Gangama where he started a separatist sect known as Kibina Kya Bayudaya Abesiga Katonda (the Community of Jews who trust in the Lord)." The British were infuriated by this action and they effectively severed all ties with him and his followers.
The arrival of a foreign Jew known as "Yosef", presumably of Ashkenazi background, in 1920 contributed much towards the community's acquisition of knowledge about the seasons in which [[Jewish Festivals]] such as [[Pesach]], [[Shavuot]], [[Rosh Hashanah]], [[Yom Kippur]], [[Succot]], and others take place. A source in the Abayudaya community confirms that the first Jew to visit the community was Yosef, who stayed with and taught the community for about six months, and would appear to have first brought the Jewish calendar to the Abayudaya community.<ref name="tjoa">[http://www.thejewsofuganda.org/history.php The Committee To Save Ugandan Jewry - A First Hand Account of The History of the Abayudaya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211225854/http://thejewsofuganda.org/history.php |date=2007-12-11 }}</ref>
Furthermore, the laws concerning [[kashrut]] were first introduced to the community by Yosef. The community continues to practice kashrut today. Yosef's teachings influenced Semei Kakungulu to establish a school that acted as a type of [[Yeshiva]], with the purpose of passing on and teaching the skills and knowledge first obtained from Yosef.
After Kakungulu's death from [[tetanus]] in 1928, Samson Mugombe Israeli, one of his disciples, became the spiritual leader of the community. They isolated themselves for self-protection.
In 1962, [[Arye Oded]], an Israeli studying at [[Makerere University]], visited the Abayudaya and met Samson Mugombe. This was the first time the Abayudaya had ever met an Israeli and the first Jew they had met since Yosef. Oded had many long interviews with Mugombe and other leaders and explained to them how Jews in Israel practised Judaism. Oded then wrote a book ("Religion and Politics in Uganda,") and numerous articles on the community and their customs which introduced them to world Jewry.
However, in the 1970s they were persecuted by [[Idi Amin]], who outlawed Jewish rituals and destroyed [[synagogue]]s. Some of the Abayudaya community converted to either Christianity or [[Islam]] in the face of [[religious persecution]]. A core group of roughly 300 members remained, however, committed to Judaism, worshipping secretly, fearful that they would be discovered by their neighbors, and reported to the authorities. This group later named itself "[[She'erit Yisrael]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcholmim.org/uganda7.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-08-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006105348/http://www.kcholmim.org/uganda7.php |archivedate=2007-10-06 }}</ref> — the [[Remnant of Israel]] — meaning the surviving (Ugandan) Jews.
The community underwent a revival in the 1980s.
"Approximately 400 Abayudaya community members were formally converted by five rabbis of the Conservative branch of Judaism in February 2002<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.religioscope.com/info/notes/2002_030_abayudaya.htm JUDAÏSME : LES ABAYUDAYA DE L'OUGANDA ENFIN RECONNUS COMME JUIFS]</ref>", and conversions by Conservative rabbis continued during the following years.<ref>Jerusalem Post, RUTH EGLASH, August 3, 2008, [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/1526900791.html?dids=1526900791:1526900791&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3%2C+2008&author=RUTH+EGLASH&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Conservative+Movement+opens+Africa%27s+first-ever Conservative Movement opens Africa's first-ever].</ref>
== Adat-istiadat dan kehidupan beragama ==
| |||