Kontroversi penciptaan-evolusi: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

 

Perselisihan muncul ketika [[Charles Darwin]] pada tahun [[1850-an]] memaparkan bahwa makhluk hidup ber[[evolusi]] dan mengalami [[seleksi alam]].

{{See also|Gap creationism|Day-age creationism|Progressive creationism}}

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<!--{{Main|Neo-creationism}}

{{See also|Intelligent design}}-->

{{See also|Naturalism (philosophy)|Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church|Clergy Letter Project}}

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This position generally accepts the viewpoint of [[naturalism (philosophy)|methodological naturalism]], a long standing convention of the [[scientific method]] in [[science]].

Theistic evolutionists have frequently been prominent in opposing creationism (including intelligent design). Notable examples have been biologist [[Kenneth R. Miller]] and theologian [[John Haught]], who testified for the plaintiffs in [[Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District]]. Another example is the Clergy Letter Project, an organization that has created and maintains a statement signed by American Christian clergy of different denominations rejecting creationism, with specific reference to points raised by intelligent design proponents. Theistic evolutionists have also been active in Citizens Alliances for Science that oppose the introduction of creationism into public school science classes (one example being evangelical Christian geologist [[Keith B. Miller]], who is a prominent board member of [[Kansas Citizens for Science]]).

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=== Evolusi Agnostik ===

Evolusi Agnostik ({{lang-en|Agnostic evolution}}) adalah posisi yang menerima evolusi biologi, digabungkan dengan pandangan bahwa tidaklah penting apakah Allah itu ada atau tidak, atau apakah Allah itu pernah, sedang atau akan terlibat.<ref>Scott (2005), p. 65.</ref>

 

=== Evolusi Materialistik ===

 

== Lihat pula ==

* [[Penciptaan menurut Kitab Kejadian]]

 

== Referensi ==

== Pustaka ==

;Buku

* {{cite book|last = Dawkins|first = Richard|authorlink = Richard Dawkins|year= 1986|title = [[The Blind Watchmaker]]|publisher = W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.|isbn = 0-393-31570-3|ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last = Dawkins|first = Richard|authorlink = Richard Dawkins|year= 1995|title = [[River Out of Eden]]|publisher = Basic Books|isbn = 0-465-06990-8|ref=harv}}

;Jurnal

* {{cite journal| last = Dobzhansky| first = Theodosius| authorlink = Theodosius Dobzhansky| year= 1973| title = Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution| journal = American Biology Teacher| volume = 35| pages = 125–129| publisher = National Association of Biology Teachers| url = http://www.2think.org/dobzhansky.shtml| accessdate = 2007-01-14| ref=harv| doi=10.2307/4444260}}

* {{cite journal| last = Huxley| first = Thomas H.| authorlink = Thomas Huxley| year= 1902| title = An Episcopal Trilogy 1887| journal = Collected Essays Science and Christian Tradition| volume = V| pages = 126–159| url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15905/15905-8.txt| publisher = Kessinger Publishing| isbn = 978-1-4179-7372-9 | accessdate = 2007-01-14| ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal| last = Kofahl| first = Robert E.| date = 22 May 1981| title = Popper on Darwinism| journal = Science (New Series)| volume = 212| issue = 4497| ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal| last = Morris| first = Henry M.| authorlink = Henry M. Morris|date=January 1982| title = Bible-Believing Scientists of the Past| journal = Impact| volume = 103| publisher = Institute for Creation Research| url = http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=185| accessdate = 2007-01-20| ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal| last = Popper| first = Karl| authorlink = Karl Popper| year= 1980| title = Letter to the Editor| journal = New Scientist| volume = 87| ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal| last = Wiker| first= Benjamin D.| authorlink = Benjamin Wiker| date = July/August 2003| title = Does Science Point to God? Part II: The Christian Critics| journal = Crisis Politics, Culture, and the Church| publisher = CRISIS Magazine| url = http://catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0055.html| accessdate = 2007-01-21| ref=harv}}

;Berita

* {{cite news|last=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=Bush Remarks Roil Debate on Teaching of Evolution|periodical=[[The New York Times]]|issue=2005-08-03|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/03/politics/03bush.html?ex=1280721600&en=8bbf73d2f5204260&ei=5088&partner=r|ref=harv|accessdate = 2007-02-03|date=2005-08-03}}

* {{cite news|last = Einstein|first = Albert|authorlink = Albert Einstein|title = Religion and Science|journal = The New York Times Magazine|date = 1930-11-09|pages = 1–4|url = http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/einstein/einsci.htm|accessdate = 2007-01-30|ref=harv}}

* {{cite news|last = Martz|first = Larry|last2 = McDaniel|first2 = Ann|date = 1987-06-29|title = Keeping God out of the Classroom (Washington and bureau reports)|journal = Newsweek|pages = 23–24|volume = CIX|issue = 26|publisher = Newsweek Inc.|issn = 0028-9604|ref=harv}}

* {{cite news|last = Tolson|first= Jay|date = 2005-09-05|title = Religion in America: Intelligent Design on Trial|journal = U.S. News & World Report|chapter = Religion in America|url = http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/050928/28religion.htm|accessdate = 2007-01-06|ref=harv}}

;Web

* {{cite web|last = AAAS| first = American Association for the Advancement of Science| authorlink = American Association for the Advancement of Science| date = 2006-02-16| title = Statement on the Teaching of Evolution| publisher = aaas.org| url = http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2006/pdf/0219boardstatement.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = 2007-01-14| ref=harv}}

* {{cite web| last = Clark| year = 1996|month=01-30| title = Transcription of McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education Decision by U.S. District Court Judge William R. Overton| publisher = TalkOrigins Archive Foundation| url = http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mclean-v-arkansas.html| accessdate = 2007-01-31| ref=harv}}

* {{cite web| last = Moran| first = Laurence| year= 1993| title = Evolution is a Fact and a Theory| publisher = TalkOrigins Archive Foundation| url = http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/cre-error.html| accessdate = 2007-01-23| ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal| last = Myers| first = P.Z.| authorlink = PZ Myers| date = 2006-06-18| title = Ann Coulter: No Evidence for Evolution?| journal = [[Pharyngula (blog)|Pharyngula]]| publisher = [[ScienceBlogs]]| url = http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/06/18/ann-coulter-no-evidence-for-ev/| accessdate = 2013-05-10| ref=harv|format=blog}}

* {{cite web| last = Pieret| first = John| year= 2006| title = The Quote Mine Project Or, Lies, Damned Lies and Quote Mines| publisher = TalkOrigins Archive Foundation| url = http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/quotes/mine/project.html| accessdate = 2007-01-23| ref=harv}}

* {{cite web| last=van Wyhe| first= John| year= 2006| title = Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch| url = http://darwin-online.org.uk/darwin.html| accessdate = 2007-01-24|ref=harv}}

* {{cite web| last = Verderame| first= John| year= 2007| title = Creation evangelism: cutting through the excess| publisher = answersingenesis.org| url = http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2001/0510news.asp| accessdate = 2007-02-07| ref=harv}}

* {{wayback|url=http://www.biolsocwash.org/id_statement.html | title=Statement from the Council of the Biological Society of Washington |date=20070926214521}}, {{cite web|title=primary source|ref={{harvid|Biological Society of Washington|2007}} }}

;Court

 

 

* {{cite book|author=Butler, Samuel|title=Evolution, Old And New: Or The Theories Of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin And Lamarck, As Compared With That Of Charles Darwin (1911)|publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC|location=|year=2007|pages=|isbn=0-548-64132-3|oclc=|doi=}}

* {{cite book|author=Beer, Gillian; Darwin, Charles|title=The origin of species|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]|year=1996|pages=|isbn=0-19-283438-X|oclc=|doi=}}

* {{cite book|author=Gould, Stephen Jay; Dobzhansky, Theodosius Grigorievich|title=Genetics and the origin of species|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|year=1982|pages=|isbn=0-231-05475-0|oclc=|doi=}}

* {{cite journal |author=Kutschera U, Niklas KJ |title=The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=91 |issue=6 |pages=255–76 |year=2004 |pmid=15241603 |doi=10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y|bibcode = 2004NW.....91..255K }}

* {{cite book|author=Mayr, Ernst|title=The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance|publisher=Belknap Press|location=Cambridge, Mass|year=1985|pages=|isbn=0-674-36446-5|oclc=|doi=}}

* {{cite journal |last=Morris |first=Steven L. |title=Creationism and the Laws of Thermodynamics |journal=Reports of the National Center for Science Education |volume=25 |number=5–6 | pages = 31–32 |date=September–December 2005 |url=http://ncse.com/rncse/25/5-6/creationism-laws-thermodynamics}}

* {{cite journal |author=Pennock RT |title=Creationism and intelligent design |journal=Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet |volume=4 |issue= |pages=143–63 |year=2003 |pmid=14527300 |doi=10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110400}}

* {{cite book|author=Sagan, Carl|title=The demon-haunted world: science as a candle in the dark|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|year=1997|pages=|isbn=0-345-40946-9|oclc=|doi=}}

* {{cite journal | author = Scott, E.C. | year = 1997 | title = Antievolution And Creationism In The United States | journal = Annual Review of Anthropology | volume = 26 | issue = 1 | pages = 263–289 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.263}}

* Maynard Smith, "The status of neo-Darwinism", in "Towards a Theoretical Biology" (C.H. Waddington, ed., University Press, Edinburgh, 1969.

* {{cite book|author=Strobel, Lee|title=The case for a Creator: a journalist investigates scientific evidence that points toward God|publisher=Zondervan/Willow Creek Resources|location=Grand Rapids, Mich|year=2004|pages=|isbn=0-310-24050-6|oclc=|doi=}}

 

{{Wikibooks|Introduction to Paleoanthropology}}

* [http://www.gallup.com/poll/21814/Evolution-Creationism-Intelligent-Design.aspx Gallup public opinion poll in regards to the concepts of Evolution, Creationism, and Intelligent Design as of May 2007]

* [http://ncse.com/taking-action/ten-major-court-cases-evolution-creationism National Center for Science Education. Ten Major Court Cases about Evolution and Creationism]

 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kontroversi Penciptaan-Evolusi}}