Kurdistan

Kurdistan
کوردستان
	; Wilayah yang didiami Kurdi (1992)
Bahasa	Kurdi
Lokasi	Mesopotamia Atas, dan Pegunungan Zagros, termasuk bagian-bagian dari Region Anatolia Timur (Dataran Tinggi Armenia) dan Anatolia tenggara, Suriah utara, Irak utara, dan Dataran Tinggi Iran barat laut.
Bagian	Kurdistan Utara (Turki) ; Kurdistan Selatan (Irak) ; Kurdistan Timur (Iran) ; Kurdistan Barat (Suriah)
Negara	Turki; Irak; Iran; Suriah
Populasi	36,4 juta (perkiraan 2016)
Kota terbesar	Erbil (Hawler); Diyarbakır (Amed); Kermanshah (Kirmashan); Kirkuk (Kerkuk); Sulaymaniyah (Slemani); Urfa (Riha); Sanandaj (Sine); Van (Wan)
TLD internet	.krd

Koordinat: 37°00′N 43°00′E / 37.000°N 43.000°E / 37.000; 43.000

Kurdistan (/ˌkɜːrdɪˈstæn, ˈstɑːn/; bahasa Kurdi: کوردستان [ˌkʊɾdɯˈstɑːn] ( simak); lit. "tanah air orang Kurdi")^[4] atau Kurdistan Raya adalah sebuah region bersejarah geo-budaya yang didefinisikan secara kasar di mana orang Kurdi membentuk populasi mayoritas yang mencolok^[5] dan berdasarkan budaya, bahasa, dan identitas nasional Kurdi secara historis.^[6] Kurdistan kira-kira mencakup Zagros barat laut dan Pegunungan Taurus timur.^[7] Wilayah ini sesuai dengan klaim golongan iredentis Kurdi.

Penggunaan kontemporer istilah ini mengacu pada wilayah-wilayah berikut: tenggara Turki (Kurdistan Utara), utara Irak (Kurdistan Selatan), barat laut Iran (Kurdistan Timur) dan utara Suriah (Rojava atau Kurdistan Barat).^[8]^[9] Beberapa organisasi nasionalis Kurdi berusaha untuk membentuk sebuah negara kebangsaan merdeka yang terdiri dari beberapa atau seluruh wilayah ini dengan mayoritas orang Kurdi, sementara yang lainnya berkampanye untuk otonomi yang lebih besar dalam batas-batas nasional yang ada.^[10]^[11]

Kurdistan Irak pertama kali memperoleh status otonom dalam sebuah perjanjian tahun 1970 dengan pemerintah Irak, dan statusnya ditegaskan kembali sebagai suatu entitas otonom dalam republik Irak federal pada tahun 2005.^[12]

Referensi

^ "Kurdistan – Definitions from Dictionary.com". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-21.
^ "The Kurdish population". Fondation-Institut kurde de Paris. 20 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 2017-10-15.
^ A rough estimate by the CIA Factbook has populations of 14.5 million in Turkey, 6 million in Iran, about 5 to 6 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to close to 28 million Kurds living in these countries (i.e. in Kurdistan proper and in other parts of the states comprising the area taken together). CIA Factbook estimates as of 2014; Turki: "18% orang Kurdi [dari 81,6 juta]", Iran: "orang Kurdi 10% [dari 80,8 juta]", Irak: "orang Kurdi 15%-20% [dari 32,6 juta]" Suriah: "orang Kurdi, Armenia, dan 9,7% lainnya [dari 17,9 juta]".
^ "Kurdistan". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-29.
^ Zaken, Mordechai (2007). Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival. Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. hlm. 1–2. ISBN 9789004161900. Kurdistan was never a sovereign state, though the area with an ethnic and linguistic majority of Kurdish population is defined as Kurdistan.
^ M. T. O'Shea, Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan, 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p.77)
^ Kurdistan^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, Britannica Concise.
^ Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland, (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press
^ "The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2005". bartleby.com.
^ "The Kurdish Conflict: Aspirations for Statehood within the Spirals of International Relations in the 21st Century". Kurdishaspect.com. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-13.
^ Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal” in Olivier Roy, ed. Turkey Today: A European Country?.
^ Iraqi Constitution, Article 113.

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Besikci, Ismail. Selected Writings [about] Kurdistan and Turkish Colonialism. London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 44 p. Without ISBN
King, Diane E. Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq (Rutgers University Press; 2014) 267 pages; Scholarly study of traditional social networks, such as patron-client relations, as well as technologically mediated communication, in a study of gender, kinship, and social life in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Öcalan, Abdullah, Interviews and Speeches [about the Kurdish cause]. London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 46 p. Without ISBN
Reed, Fred A. Anatolia Junction: a Journey into Hidden Turkey. Burnaby, B.C.: Talonbooks [sic], 1999. 320 p., ill. with b&w photos. N.B.: Includes a significant coverage of the Turkish sector of historic Kurdistan, the Kurds, and their resistance movement. ISBN 0-88922-426-9

Pranala luar

Media terkait Kurdistan di Wikimedia Commons

[borders-1] "Kurdistan – Definitions from Dictionary.com". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-21.

[2] "The Kurdish population". Fondation-Institut kurde de Paris. 20 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 2017-10-15.

[3] A rough estimate by the CIA Factbook has populations of 14.5 million in Turkey, 6 million in Iran, about 5 to 6 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to close to 28 million Kurds living in these countries (i.e. in Kurdistan proper and in other parts of the states comprising the area taken together). CIA Factbook estimates as of 2014; Turki: "18% orang Kurdi [dari 81,6 juta]", Iran: "orang Kurdi 10% [dari 80,8 juta]", Irak: "orang Kurdi 15%-20% [dari 32,6 juta]" Suriah: "orang Kurdi, Armenia, dan 9,7% lainnya [dari 17,9 juta]".

[BritannicaKurdistan-4] "Kurdistan". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-29.

[Zaken-5] Zaken, Mordechai (2007). Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival. Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. hlm. 1–2. ISBN 9789004161900. Kurdistan was never a sovereign state, though the area with an ethnic and linguistic majority of Kurdish population is defined as Kurdistan.

[6] M. T. O'Shea, Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan, 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p.77)

[7] Kurdistan^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}, Britannica Concise.

[8] Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland, (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press

[9] "The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2005". bartleby.com.

[10] "The Kurdish Conflict: Aspirations for Statehood within the Spirals of International Relations in the 21st Century". Kurdishaspect.com. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-13.

[11] Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal” in Olivier Roy, ed. Turkey Today: A European Country?.

[12] Iraqi Constitution, Article 113.

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Wilayah yang didiami Kurdi (1992)
Bahasa	Kurdi
Lokasi	Mesopotamia Atas, dan Pegunungan Zagros, termasuk bagian-bagian dari Region Anatolia Timur (Dataran Tinggi Armenia) dan Anatolia tenggara, Suriah utara, Irak utara, dan Dataran Tinggi Iran barat laut.^[1]
Bagian	Kurdistan Utara (Turki) Kurdistan Selatan (Irak) Kurdistan Timur (Iran) Kurdistan Barat (Suriah)
Negara	Turki Irak Iran Suriah
Populasi	36,4 juta (perkiraan 2016)^[2]^[3]
Kota terbesar	Erbil (Hawler) Diyarbakır (Amed) Kermanshah (Kirmashan) Kirkuk (Kerkuk) Sulaymaniyah (Slemani) Urfa (Riha) Sanandaj (Sine) Van (Wan)
TLD internet	.krd