Alfabet fonetik NATO
International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, biasa disebut alfabet fonetik ICAO, dan kadang juga ditulis alfabet fonetik dan kode angka ITU dan alfabet fonetik NATO, adalah alfabet eja radiotelepon yang paling banyak digunakan. Meski sering disebut "alfabet fonetik", alfabet eja tidak sama dengan sistem transkripsi fonetik seperti International Phonetic Alphabet. Alfabet International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) adalah kode akrofoni yang disesuaikan dengan huruf-huruf alfabet Inggris, jadi huruf dan angkanya harus bisa diucapkan dan dipahami oleh orang-orang yang bertukar pesan suara lewat radio atau telepon tanpa memandang bahasa ibu atau kualitas saluran komunikasinya.[1]
Berikut adalah 26 kode dalam alfabet fonetik internasional yang disesuaikan dengan 26 huruf alfabet Inggris dalam urutan abjad: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu.
Adopsi internasional
suntingSetelah alfabet fonetik dikembangkan oleh International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)[2] (lihat sejarah di bawah), alfabet ini diadopsi oleh berbagai organisasi internasional dan nasional, termasuk International Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Maritime Organization (IMO), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), International Amateur Radio Union (IARU), American Radio Relay League (ARRL), Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International (APCO); dan berbagai organisasi militer seperti Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara (NATO) dan Pakta Pertahanan Asia Tenggara (SEATO; sudah bubar).
Kode alfabet yang sama digunakan oleh semua lembaga, tetapi setiap lembaga memilih satu atau dua set kode angka yang berbeda. NATO memakai kata bilangan biasa dalam bahasa Inggris (Zero, One, dan beberapa pengucapan alternatif), sedangkan IMO memakai kata bilangan majemuk (Nadazero, Unaone, Bissotwo...). Kenyataannya, kata bilangan majemuk jarang sekali dipakai karena membingungkan penutur bahasa yang berbeda.
Penggunaan
suntingAlfabet eja dipakai untuk mengeja bagian pesan yang mengandung huruf dan angka agar menghindari kebingungan karena banyak huruf yang terdengar sama, misalnya "n" dan "m" atau "f" dan "s"; potensi kebingungan meningkat apabila suara kabur atau tidak jelas. Contohnya, pesan "proceed to map grid DH98" bisa terdengar "proceed to map grid Delta-Hotel-Niner-Ait". Mengucapkan "Delta" alih-alih "D" menghindari kebingungan antara "DH98" dan "BH98" atau "TH98". Pengucapan beberapa angka yang tidak lazim memang sengaja dirancang untuk mencegah kebingungan.
Selain militer, industri sipil menggunakan alfabet ini untuk menghindari permasalahan serupa dalam pertukaran pesan lewat sistem telepon. Contohnya, alfabet ini sering digunakan di industri ritel yang informasi pelanggan atau situsnya disampaikan lewat telepon (membuktikan transaksi kredit atau mengonfirmasi kode stok), tetapi kode buatan sendiri pun sering dipakai juga. Alfabet ini sering digunakan oleh pekerja teknologi informasi untuk menyampaikan kode seri/referensi (biasanya sangat panjang) atau informasi khusus lainnya lewat suara. Sebagian besar maskapai penerbangan dunia menggunakan alfabet ini untuk mengeja Passenger Name Record (PNR) secara internal dan kadang-kadang memberitahunya kepada penumpang. Alfabet ini juga sering digunakan di dunia kedokteran untuk menghindari kebingungan saat mengirim informasi.
Sejumlah kode huruf dan singkatan yang memakai alfabet eja ini menjadi populer, misalnya Bravo Zulu (kode huruf BZ) yang berarti "kerja bagus",[3] Checkpoint Charlie (Checkpoint C) di Berlin, dan Zulu Time untuk Greenwich Mean Time atau Coordinated Universal Time. Pada masa Perang Vietnam, pemerintah A.S. menyebut kelompok gerilya Viet Cong dengan singkatan VC, atau Victor Charlie; nama "Charlie" pun sinonim dengan Viet Cong.
Pengucapan kode
suntingSimbol | Kode | Pengucapan (AFI)[4] |
---|---|---|
A | Alfa | ˈalfa |
B | Bravo | ˈbravo |
C | Charlie | ˈtʃali atau ˈʃali |
D | Delta | ˈdɛlta |
E | Echo | ˈɛko |
F | Foxtrot | ˈfɔks.trɔt |
G | Golf | ˈɡɔlf |
H | Hotel | hoˈtɛl |
I | India | ˈɪndia |
J | Juliett | ˈdʒuliˈɛt |
K | Kilo | ˈkilo |
L | Lima | ˈlima |
M | Mike | ˈmai̯k |
N | November | noˈvɛmba |
O | Oscar | ˈɔska |
P | Papa | paˈpa |
Q | Quebec | keˈbɛk |
R | Romeo | ˈromio |
S | Sierra | siˈɛrɑ |
T | Tango | ˈtaŋɡo |
U | Uniform | ˈjunifɔm atau ˈunifɔm |
V | Victor | ˈvɪkta |
W | Whiskey | ˈwɪski |
X | Xray atau x-ray | ˈɛksrei̯ |
Y | Yankee | ˈjaŋki |
Z | Zulu | ˈzulu |
0 | Zero | ˈziro |
1 | One | ˈwan |
2 | Two | ˈtu |
3 | Three | ˈtri |
4 | Four | ˈfoa |
5 | Five | ˈfai̯f |
6 | Six | ˈsɪks |
7 | Seven | ˈsɛvən |
8 | Eight | ˈei̯t |
9 | Nine | ˈnai̯na |
(pemisah desimal) | Decimal | ˈdeˈsiˈmal |
00 | Hundred | ˈhandrɛd |
000 | Thousand | ˈtau̯ˈzand |
- | Hyphen | ˈhai̯fən |
. (tanda titik) | Stop | ˈstɔp |
Sejarah
suntingAlfabet ini didefinisikan oleh berbagai konvensi radio internasional, termasuk:
- Universal Electrical Communications Union, Washington, D.C., Desember 1920[5]
- International Radiotelegraph Convention, Washington, 1927 (pembentukan CCIR)[6]
- General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (Madrid, 1932)[7]
- Instructions for the International Telephone Service, 1932 (ITU-T E.141; dicabut tahun 1993)
- General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Kairo, 1938)[8]
- Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947),[9] where "it was decided that the International Civil Aviation Organization and other international aeronautical organizations would assume the responsibility for procedures and regulations related to aeronautical communication. However, ITU would continue to maintain general procedures regarding distress signals."
- 1959 Administrative Radio Conference (Jenewa, 1959)[10]
- International Telecommunications Union, Radio
- Final Acts of WARC-79 (Jenewa, 1979).[11] Here the alphabet was formally named "Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code".
- International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (direvisi 2003)[12]
Huruf | UECU 1920[5] | International Radiotelegraph Convention (CCIR) 1927 (Washington, D.C.)[13] | General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (CCIR/ICAN) 1932[14][15] | Kode International Radiocommunication Conference 1938 (Kairo)[16] | International Radio Conference 1947 (Atlantic City)[17] | ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti Joint Army/Navy)[18] | ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK) | Alfabet ICAO 1947 (diadopsi dari ARRL)[21] | ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947[18] | Proposal IATA ke ICAO 1947[18] | Kode ICAO 1949[18] | Kode ICAO 1951[22] | Kode final ICAO 1956[23] | Kode Administrative Radio Conference 1959 (Jenewa)[24] | Ejaan ulang 1959[24] | Kode ICAO 2008–sekarang[23] | Ejaan ulang ICAO 2008–sekarang[23] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Argentine | Amsterdam | Amsterdam | Amsterdam | Amsterdam | Able | ABLE | ADAM | ANA | ALPHA | Alfa | Alfa | Alfa | Alfa | AL FAH | Alfa | AL FAH |
B | Brussels | Baltimore | Baltimore | Baltimore | Baltimore | Baker | BAKER | BAKER | BRAZIL | BETA | Beta | Bravo | Bravo | Bravo | BRAH VOH | Bravo | BRAH VOH |
C | Canada | Canada | Casablanca | Casablanca | Casablanca | Charlie | CHARLIE | CHARLIE | COCO | CHARLIE | Coca | Coca | Charlie | Charlie | CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE | Charlie | CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE |
D | Damascus | Denmark | Danemark | Danemark | Danemark | Dog | DOG | DAVID | DADO | DELTA | Delta | Delta | Delta | Delta | DELL TAH | Delta | DELL TAH |
E | Ecuador | Eddystone | Edison | Edison | Edison | Easy | EASY | EDWARD | ELSA | EDWARD | Echo | Echo | Echo | Echo | ECK OH | Echo | ECK OH |
F | France | Francisco | Florida | Florida | Florida | Fox | FOX | FREDDIE | FIESTA | FOX | Foxtrot | Foxtrot | Foxtrot | Foxtrot | FOKS TROT | Foxtrot | FOKS TROT |
G | Greece | Gibraltar | Gallipoli | Gallipoli | Gallipoli | George | GEORGE | GEORGE | GATO | GRAMMA | Golf | Gold | Golf | Golf | GOLF | Golf | GOLF |
H | Hanover | Hanover | Havana | Havana | Havana | How | HOW | HARRY | HOMBRE | HAVANA | Hotel | Hotel | Hotel | Hotel | HOH TELL | Hotel | HOH TELL |
I | Italy | Italy | Italia | Italia | Italia | Item | ITEM | IDA | INDIA | ITALY | India | India | India | India | IN DEE AH | India | IN DEE AH |
J | Japan | Jerusalem | Jérusalem | Jérusalem | Jerusalem | Jig | JIG | JOHN | JULIO | JUPITER | Julietta | Juliett | Juliett | Juliett | JEW LEE ETT | Juliett | JEW LEE ETT |
K | Khartoum | Kimberley | Kilogramme | Kilogramme | Kilogramme | King | KING | KING | KILO | KILO | Kilo | Kilo | Kilo | Kilo | KEY LOH | Kilo | KEY LOH |
L | Lima | Liverpool | Liverpool | Liverpool | Liverpool | Love | LOVE | LEWIS | LUIS | LITER | Lima | Lima | Lima | Lima | LEE MAH | Lima | LEE MAH |
M | Madrid | Madagascar | Madagascar | Madagascar | Madagascar | Mike | MIKE | MARY | MAMA | MAESTRO | Metro | Metro | Mike | Mike | MIKE | Mike | MIKE |
N | Nancy | Neufchatel | New York | New-York | New York | Nan (later Nickel) | NAN | NANCY | NORMA | NORMA | Nectar | Nectar | November | November | NO VEM BER | November | NO VEM BER |
O | Ostend | Ontario | Oslo | Oslo | Oslo | Oboe | OBOE | OTTO | OPERA | OPERA | Oscar | Oscar | Oscar | Oscar | OSS CAH | Oscar | OSS CAH |
P | Paris | Portugal | Paris | Paris | Paris | Peter | PETER | PETER | PERU | PERU | Polka | Papa | Papa | Papa | PAH PAH | Papa | PAH PAH |
Q | Quebec | Quebec | Québec | Québec | Quebec | Queen | QUEEN | QUEEN | QUEBEC | QUEBEC | Quebec | Quebec | Quebec | Quebec | KEH BECK | Quebec | KEH BECK |
R | Rome | Rivoli | Roma | Roma | Roma | Roger | ROGER | ROBERT | ROSA | ROGER | Romeo | Romeo | Romeo | Romeo | ROW ME OH | Romeo | ROW ME OH |
S | Sardinia | Santiago | Santiago | Santiago | Santiago | Sail/Sugar | SUGAR | SUSAN | SARA | SANTA | Sierra | Sierra | Sierra | Sierra | SEE AIR RAH | Sierra | SEE AIR RAH |
T | Tokio | Tokio | Tripoli | Tripoli | Tripoli | Tare | TARE | THOMAS | TOMAS | THOMAS | Tango | Tango | Tango | Tango | TANG GO | Tango | TANG OH |
U | Uruguay | Uruguay | Upsala | Upsala | Upsala | Uncle | UNCLE | UNION | URUGUAY | URSULA | Union | Union | Uniform | Uniform | YOU NEE FORM or OO NEE FORM |
Uniform | YOU NEE FORM atau OO NEE FORM |
V | Victoria | Victoria | Valencia | Valencia | Valencia | Victor | VICTOR | VICTOR | VICTOR | VICTOR | Victor | Victor | Victor | Victor | VIK TAH | Victor | VIK TAH |
W | Washington | Washington | Washington | Washington | Washington | William | WILLIAM | WILLIAM | WHISKEY | WHISKEY | Whiskey | Whiskey | Whiskey | Whiskey | WISS KEY | Whiskey | WISS KEY |
X | Xaintrie | Xantippe | Xanthippe | Xanthippe | Xanthippe | X-ray | XRAY | X-RAY | XQUIS | X-RAY | Zebra | eXtra | X-ray | X-ray | ECKS RAY | X-ray | ECKS RAY |
Y | Yokohama | Yokohama | Yokohama | Yokohama | Yokohama | Yoke | YOKE | YOUNG | YOLANDA | YORK | Yankey | Yankee | Yankee | Yankee | YANG KEY | Yankee | YANG KEY |
Z | Zanzibar | Zululand | Zürich | Zurich | Zurich | Zebra | ZEBRA | ZEBRA | ZETA | ? | Zebra | Zulu | Zulu | Zulu | ZOO LOO | Zulu | ZOO LOO |
0 | Zero | Zero[Note 1] | Zero | Zero | Zero | (proposal A: ZE-RO; proposal B: ZERO) | Zero | ZE-RO | |||||||||
1 | One | One[Note 1] | One | Wun | One[Note 1] | (proposal A: WUN; proposal B: WUN) | Wun | WUN | |||||||||
2 | Two | Two[Note 1] | Two | Too | Two[Note 1] | (proposal A: TOO; proposal B: BIS) | Too | TOO | |||||||||
3 | Three | Three[Note 1] | Three | Thuh-ree | Three[Note 1] | (proposal A: TREE; proposal B: TER) | Tree | TREE | |||||||||
4 | Four | Four[Note 1] | Four | Fo-wer | Four[Note 1] | (proposal A: FOW-ER; proposal B: QUARTO) | Fower | FOW-er | |||||||||
5 | Five | Five[Note 1] | Five | Fi-yiv | Five[Note 1] | (proposal A: FIFE; proposal B: PENTA) | Fife | FIFE | |||||||||
6 | Six | Six[Note 1] | Six | Six | Six[Note 1] | (proposal A: SIX; proposal B: SAXO) | Six | SIX | |||||||||
7 | Seven | Seven[Note 1] | Seven | Seven | Seven[Note 1] | (proposal A: SEV-EN; proposal B: SETTE) | Seven | SEV-en | |||||||||
8 | Eight | Eight[Note 1] | Eight | Ate | Eight[Note 1] | (proposal A: AIT; proposal B: OCTO) | Eight | AIT | |||||||||
9 | Nine | Nine[Note 1] | Nine | Niner | Nine[Note 1] | (proposal A: NIN-ER; proposal B: NONA) | Niner | NIN-er | |||||||||
. | Point (proposal A: DAY-SEE-MAL; proposal B: DECIMAL) | Decimal | DAY-SEE-MAL | ||||||||||||||
Hundred | Hundred | HUN-dred | |||||||||||||||
Thousand | (Proposal A: TOUS-AND) | Thousand | TOU-SAND | ||||||||||||||
, | Comma | Comma | Comma | Comma | |||||||||||||
/ | Fraction bar | Fraction bar | Fraction bar | Fraction bar | |||||||||||||
Break signal | Break signal | Break signal | |||||||||||||||
. | Full stop | Full stop (period) | Full stop (period) | Full stop (period) |
Untuk fonetik 1938 dan 1947, setiap pengucapan angka didahului dan diikuti oleh pengucapan "as a number" sebanyak dua kali.
ITU mengadopsi alfabet eja fonetik International Maritime Organization pada tahun 1959.[25] Tahun 1969, ITU menyatakan alasannya "untuk diterapkan pada komunikasi laut saja".[26]
Pengucapan tidak ditetapkan sebelum 1959. Untuk fonetik 1959–sekarang, suku kata bergaris bawah di setiap kata-huruf harus dipertegas dan setiap suku kata kode angka (1969–sekarang) juga harus dipertegas.
Komunikasi penerbangan internasional
suntingICAO Radiotelephony Alphabet digunakan oleh International Civil Aviation Organization untuk komunikasi penerbangan internasional.[27][28]
Huruf | General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (CCIR/ICAN) 1932[14][15] | ICAO Second Session of the Communications Division 1946 (sama seperti Joint Army/Navy)[18] | ICAO 1947 (sama seperti 1943 US-UK) | Alfabet ICAO 1947 (diadopsi dari ARRL)[21] | ICAO Amerika Latin/Karibia 1947[18] | Proposal IATA ke ICAO 1947[18] | Kode ICAO 1949[18] | Kode ICAO 1951[22] | Kode ICAO 1956–sekarang[23] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Amsterdam | Able | ABLE | ADAM | ANA | ALPHA | Alfa | Alfa | Alfa |
B | Baltimore | Baker | BAKER | BAKER | BRAZIL | BETA | Beta | Bravo | Bravo |
C | Casablanca | Charlie | CHARLIE | CHARLIE | COCO | CHARLIE | Coca | Coca | Charlie |
D | Danemark | Dog | DOG | DAVID | DADO | DELTA | Delta | Delta | Delta |
E | Edison | Easy | EASY | EDWARD | ELSA | EDWARD | Echo | Echo | Echo |
F | Florida | Fox | FOX | FREDDIE | FIESTA | FOX | Foxtrot | Foxtrot | Foxtrot |
G | Gallipoli | George | GEORGE | GEORGE | GATO | GRAMMA | Golf | Gold | Golf |
H | Havana | How | HOW | HARRY | HOMBRE | HAVANA | Hotel | Hotel | Hotel |
I | Italia | Item | ITEM | IDA | INDIA | ITALY | India | India | India |
J | Jérusalem | Jig | JIG | JOHN | JULIO | JUPITER | Julietta | Juliett | Juliett |
K | Kilogramme | King | KING | KING | KILO | KILO | Kilo | Kilo | Kilo |
L | Liverpool | Love | LOVE | LEWIS | LUIS | LITER | Lima | Lima | Lima |
M | Madagascar | Mike | MIKE | MARY | MAMA | MAESTRO | Metro | Metro | Mike |
N | New York | Nan (later Nickel) | NAN | NANCY | NORMA | NORMA | Nectar | Nectar | November |
O | Oslo | Oboe | OBOE | OTTO | OPERA | OPERA | Oscar | Oscar | Oscar |
P | Paris | Peter | PETER | PETER | PERU | PERU | Polka | Papa | Papa |
Q | Québec | Queen | QUEEN | QUEEN | QUEBEC | QUEBEC | Quebec | Quebec | Quebec |
R | Roma | Roger | ROGER | ROBERT | ROSA | ROGER | Romeo | Romeo | Romeo |
S | Santiago | Sail/Sugar | SUGAR | SUSAN | SARA | SANTA | Sierra | Sierra | Sierra |
T | Tripoli | Tare | TARE | THOMAS | TOMAS | THOMAS | Tango | Tango | Tango |
U | Upsala | Uncle | UNCLE | UNION | URUGUAY | URSULA | Union | Union | Uniform |
V | Valencia | Victor | VICTOR | VICTOR | VICTOR | VICTOR | Victor | Victor | Victor |
W | Washington | William | WILLIAM | WILLIAM | WHISKEY | WHISKEY | Whiskey | Whiskey | Whisky |
X | Xanthippe | X-ray | XRAY | X-RAY | XQUIS | X-RAY | X-RAY | eXtra | X-ray |
Y | Yokohama | Yoke | YOKE | YOUNG | YOLANDA | YORK | Yankey | Yankee | Yankee |
Z | Zürich | Zebra | ZEBRA | ZEBRA | ZETA | ? | Zebra | Zulu | Zulu |
0 | Zero | Zero | Zero | ||||||
1 | One | Wun | One | ||||||
2 | Two | Too | Two | ||||||
3 | Three | Thuh-ree | Three | ||||||
4 | Four | Fo-wer | Four | ||||||
5 | Five | Fi-yiv | Five | ||||||
6 | Six | Six | Six | ||||||
7 | Seven | Seven | Seven | ||||||
8 | Eight | Ate | Eight | ||||||
9 | Nine | Niner | Niner | ||||||
. | Decimal | ||||||||
100 | Hundred | ||||||||
1000 | Thousand |
Komunikasi laut internasional
suntingITU-R Radiotelephony Alphabet digunakan oleh International Maritime Organization untuk komunikasi laut internasional.
Letter | Kode IMO 1932–1965[butuh rujukan] | Kode IMO 1965–sekarang (WRC-03)[29] | 1967 WARC code words[30] | Ejaan ulang WARC 1967[30] | Ejaan ulang ITU-R 2007–sekarang[31] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Amsterdam | Alfa | Alfa | AL FAH | AL FAH |
B | Baltimore | Bravo | Bravo | BRAH VOH | BRAH VOH |
C | Casablanca | Charlie | Charlie | CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE | CHAR LEE atau SHAR LEE |
D | Danemark | Delta | Delta | DELL TAH | DELL TAH |
E | Edison | Echo | Echo | ECK OH | ECK OH |
F | Florida | Foxtrot | Foxtrot | FOKS TROT | FOKS TROT |
G | Gallipoli | Golf | Golf | GOLF | GOLF |
H | Havana | Hotel | Hotel | HOH TELL | HOH TELL |
I | Italia | India | India | IN DEE AH | IN DEE AH |
J | Jérusalem | Juliett | Juliett | JEW LEE ETT | JEW LEE ETT |
K | Kilogramme | Kilo | Kilo | KEY LOH | KEY LOH |
L | Liverpool | Lima | Lima | LEE MAH | LEE MAH |
M | Madagascar | Mike | Mike | MIKE | MIKE |
N | New-York | November | November | NO VEM BER | NO VEM BER |
O | Oslo | Oscar | Oscar | OSS CAH | OSS CAH |
P | Paris | Papa | Papa | PAH PAH | PAH PAH |
Q | Québec | Quebec | Quebec | KEH BECK | KEH BECK |
R | Roma | Romeo | Romeo | ROW ME OH | ROW ME OH |
S | Santiago | Sierra | Sierra | SEE AIR RAH | SEE AIR RAH |
T | Tripoli | Tango | Tango | TANG GO | TANG GO |
U | Upsala | Uniform | Uniform | YOU NEE FORM or OO NEE FORM |
YOU NEE FORM atau OO NEE FORM |
V | Valencia | Victor | Victor | VIK TAH | VIK TAH |
W | Washington | Whisky | Whisky | WISS KEY | WISS KEY |
X | Xanthippe | X-ray | X-ray | ECKS RAY | ECKS RAY |
Y | Yokohama | Yankee | Yankee | YANG KEY | YANG KEY |
Z | Zurich | Zulu | Zulu | ZOO LOO | ZOO LOO |
0 | Zero | ZEERO | NADAZERO | NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH | NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH |
1 | One | WUN | UNAONE | OO-NAH-WUN | OO-NAH-WUN |
2 | Two | TOO | BISSOTWO | BEES-SOH-TOO | BEES-SOH-TOO |
3 | Three | TREE | TERRATHREE | TAY-RAH-TREE | TAY-RAH-TREE |
4 | Four | FOWER | KARTEFOUR | KAR-TAY-FOWER | KAR-TAY-FOWER |
5 | Five | FIFE | PANTAFIVE | PAN-TAH-FIVE | PAN-TAH-FIVE |
6 | Six | SIX | SOXISIX | SOK-SEE-SIX | SOK-SEE-SIX |
7 | Seven | SEVEN | SETTESEVEN | SAY-TAY-SEVEN | SAY-TAY-SEVEN |
8 | Eight | AIT | OKTOEIGHT | OK-TOH-AIT | OK-TOH-AIT |
9 | Nine | NINER | NOVENINE | NO-VAY-NINER | NO-VAY-NINER |
. | DECIMAL | DAY-SEE-MAL | DAY-SEE-MAL | ||
. | STOP | STOP | STOP | ||
1000 | TOUSAND |
Varian
suntingPenerbangan
sunting- "Delta" diganti dengan "Data", "Dixie", atau "David" di bandara yang sering dikunjungi maskapai Delta Air Lines seperti Bandar Udara Internasional Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta agar tidak membingungkan karena "Delta" juga merupakan kode panggil Delta.[32]
Lihat pula
suntingCatatan
suntingReferensi
sunting- ^ "Archived copy". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 27 April 2015.
- ^ Spelling out words Diarsipkan 17 July 2015 di Wayback Machine. Accessed 20 July 2015
- ^ "Where does the term "Bravo Zulu" originate?". 6 March 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 March 2005. Diakses tanggal 22 August 2010.
- ^ DIN 5009:2022-06, Anhang B: Buchstabiertafel der ICAO („Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet“)
- ^ a b "Draft of Convention and Regulations, Washington, D.C., December, 1920".
- ^ "International Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927". Diakses tanggal 2017-10-30.
- ^ "General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (Madrid, 1932)". Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015.
- ^ "General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (Cairo, 1938)". Diakses tanggal 2017-10-30.
- ^ "Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Atlantic City, 1947)". Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015.
- ^ "Administrative Radio Conference (Geneva, 1959)" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-12-15. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015.
- ^ "Final Acts of WARC-79 (Geneva, 1979)" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-11-08. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015.
- ^ International Code of Signals for Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications, United States Edition, 1969 (Revised 2003) (PDF), 1969
- ^ "Radiotelegraph Convention of Washington, 1927" (PDF).
- ^ a b "(Don't Get) Lost in Translation" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d Alcorn, John. "Radiotelegraph and Radiotelephone Codes, Prowords And Abbreviations" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-06-03.
- ^ "General Radiocommunication Regulations (Revision of Cairo, 1938; Additional Radiocommunication regulations (revision of Cairo, 1938); Additional Protocol" (PDF).
- ^ "Radio Regulations Annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention (Atlantic City, 1947)" (PDF).
- ^ a b c d e f g h "The Evolution and Rationale of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959" (PDF). Diakses tanggal November 1, 2017.
- ^ a b Myers, Capt., U.S.N., G. B.; Charles, Cdr., R.N.V.R., B. P. (1945-02-14). CCBP 3-2: Combined Radiotelephone (R/T) Procedure. Washington 25, D. C.: Combined Communications Board. hlm. 1, 2.
- ^ a b "FM 24-12,:Army Extract of Combined Operating Signals (CCBP 2-2)" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Item 48 in the Friedman Collection: Letter from Everett Conder to William F. Friedman, February 11, 1952" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2021-11-06.
- ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
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tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama:4
- ^ a b c d Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
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tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama:3
- ^ a b "Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (Geneva, 1959)" (PDF).
- ^ "Documents of the World Administrative Radio Conference to deal with matters relating to the maritime mobile service (WARC Mar) (Geneva, 1967)" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-07-10. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015.
- ^ "Report on the Activities of The International Telecommunication Union in 1967" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-07-10. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2015.
- ^ "Alphabet - Radiotelephony". Diakses tanggal 27 April 2015.
- ^ "Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume II Communication Procedures including those with PANS Status" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 27 April 2015.
- ^ "IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2017-11-01.
- ^ a b "Final Acts of the World Administrative Radio Conference to Deal with Matters Relating to the Maritime Mobile Service" (PDF).
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaITU
- ^ Civil Aviation Authority, "Aircraft Call Sign Confusion Evaluation Safety Study" Diarsipkan 24 December 2004 di Wayback Machine., April 2000
Pranala luar
sunting- Public ICAO site
- "NATO Declassified - The NATO Phonetic Alphabet". North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
- The Military Alphabet (Phonetic from Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta to Zulu)