Blok D
Blok D (Rusia: Блок Д berarti Blok D) adalah tahap atas yang digunakan pada sistem peluncuran Soviet dan Rusia, termasuk N1, Proton-K dan Zenit.
Tahap (dan turunannya) telah dimasukkan dalam lebih dari 320 roket sampai diluncurkan pada 2015. Pada tahun 2002 modifikasi yang Blok DM memiliki tingkat 97% keberhasilan dalam penerbangan 218 sejak tahun 1974, dan 43 misi sukses di 1997-2002.
Varian
sunting| Varian | Penerbangan pertama | Penerbangan terakhir | Peluncuran | Roket | Keterangan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blok D | 1967 | 1976 | 44 | Proton-K N1 |
|
| Blok D-1 | 1978 | 1989 | 10 | Proton-K | Mostly used for launches to Venus |
| Blok D-2 | 1988 | 1996 | 3 | Proton-K | Launched Fobos 1, Fobos 2 and Mars 96 |
| Blok DM | 1974 | 1990 | 66 | Proton-K Energia (unflown) |
Blok D modification for Earth-based orbits |
| Blok DM-2 | 1982 | 2012 | 115 | Proton-K Proton-M |
Used with Proton-M for GLONASS launches [1] |
| Blok DM-2M | 1994 | 2005 | 15 | Proton-K | Enhanced payload thanks to the use of higher performance Syntin fuel instead of RG-1. Powered by the RD-58S engine. |
| Blok DM-03 | 2010 | active | 3 | Proton-M | Intended as a replacement for Blok DM-2 and DM-SL/SLB, first flew in 2010, only used on Proton |
| Blok DM-5 | 1997 | 2002 | 2 | Proton-K | Used for low Earth orbit launches with Arkas satellites |
| Blok DM1 | 1996 | 1996 | 1 | Proton-K | Commercial Blok DM-2, only used for one launch, with Inmarsat-3 F2 |
| Blok DM2 | 1997 | 2002 | 4 | Proton-K | Commercial Blok DM-5, used for Iridium and INTEGRAL launches |
| Blok DM3 | 1996 | 2006 | 25 | Proton-K | Commercial Blok DM-2M |
| Blok DM4 | 1997 | 1997 | 1 | Proton-K | Commercial Blok DM-2M, only used to launch Telstar 5 |
| Blok DM-SL | 1999 | active | 36 | Zenit-3SL | Used in Sea Launch missions, some flights use a version with stretched fuel tanks |
| Blok DM-SLB | 2008 | active | 5 | Zenit-3SLB | Used in Land Launch missions and other commercial Zenit-3SLB flights from Baikonur |
| References | |||||