Sinabar
Sinabar (/ˈsɪnəbɑːr/) dan cinnabarite (/sɪnəˈbɑːraɪt/), yang tampaknya berasal dari kata bahasa Yunani Kuno: κιννάβαρι[6] (kinnabari), merujuk kepada bebatuan bata berwarna bata merah berunsur merkuri(II) sulfida, berumur HgS, yang merupakan sumber bijih paling umum untuk mendapatkan unsur merkuri.
| Sinabar | |
|---|---|
 Sinabar | |
| Umum | |
| Kategori | Mineral sulfida |
| Rumus (unit berulang) | Merkuri(II) sulfida, HgS |
| Klasifikasi Strunz | 2.CD.15a |
| Sistem kristal | Trigonal |
| Kelas kristal | Trapezohedral (32) (same H-M symbol) |
| Grup ruang | P3121, P3221 |
| Sel unit | a = 4.145(2) Å, c = 9.496(2) Å, Z = 3 |
| Identifikasi | |
| Warna | Cochineal-red, towards brownish red and lead-gray |
| Perawakan | Rhombohedral to tabular; granular to massive and as incrustations |
| Bentuk kembaran | Simple contact twins, twin plane {0001} |
| Belahan | Prismatic {1010}, perfect |
| Fraktur | Uneven to subconchoidal |
| Sifat dalam | Slightly sectile |
| Kekerasan dalam skala Mohs | 2.0-2.5 |
| Kilau | Adamantine to dull |
| Gores | Scarlet |
| Diafaneitas | Transparan dalam pecahan tipis |
| Berat jenis | 8.176 |
| Sifat optik | Uniaxial (+) |
| Indeks bias | nω = 2.905 nε = 3.256 |
| Bias ganda | δ = 0.351 |
| Kelarutan | 1.04 x 10−25 g per 100 ml water (Ksp at 25 °C = 2 x 10−32)[1] |
| Referensi | [2][3][4][5] |
Sinabar digunakan sebagai pewarna sejak zaman kuno di Timur Dekat.
Pada zaman kuno, sinabar digunakan sebagai pengobatan sejak 2000 tahun terakhir. Beberapa rujukan tersedia dalam teks-teks Sansekerta.
Referensi
sunting- ^ Myers, R.J. (1986). "The new low value for the second dissociation constant of H2S. Its history, its best value, and its impact on teaching sulfide equilibria". J. Chem. Ed. 63: 689, 687–690.
- ^ Mineralienatlas
- ^ "Cinnabar (Hgs)" (PDF). Rruff.geo.arizona.edu. Diakses tanggal 2015-07-24.
- ^ "Cinnabar: Cinnabar mineral information and data". Mindat.org. Diakses tanggal 2015-07-24.
- ^ "Cinnabar Mineral Data". Webmineral.com. Diakses tanggal 2015-07-24.
- ^
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cinnabar". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 376.
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- Susan Stewart, 2014, "'Gleaming and deadly white': Toxic cosmetics in the Roman world," pp. 84f, 79-88, in History of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Toxicology in Antiquity II (Philip Wexler, Ed.), New York, NY, USA:Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-801634-5
Barone G., Di Bella M., Mastelloni M.A., Mazzoleni P., Quartieri S., Raneri S., Sabatino G., Vailati C.,Pottery production of the pittore di lipari: chemical and mineralogical analysis of the pigments, in 2 end European Mineralogical Conference, emc2016 “Minerals, fluids and rocks: alphabet and words of planet earth”, Rimini, 11-15 sett. 2016, p. 716
Pranala luar
sunting
- MSDS untuk sinabar Diarsipkan 2007-09-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Dartmouth Toxic Metals Research Program – Mercury Diarsipkan 2009-06-26 di Wayback Machine.
- Cinnabar visual reference