Diaulos (balap lari)

Diaulos (bahasa Yunani Kuno: Δίαυλος, translit. Díaulos, har. 'pipa ganda') adalah sebuah balap stadion ganda, kira-kira 400 meter, diperkenalkan pada Olimpiade Kuno ke-14 (724 SM).

Panjang setiap lomba lari beragam tergantung dari panjang stadion.^[1] Hal tersebut berbeda karena satuan panjang kaki Yunani sangat bervariasi dari satu tempat ke tempat lain, misalnya stadion di Olympia sepanjang 192,27 meter tetapi di Delfi panjangnya 177,50 meter.^[2] Para ahli memperdebatkan apakah setiap pelari memiliki tonggak "belok" atau tidak untuk babak kedua perlombaan, atau apakah semua pelari mendekati tonggak yang sama, berbelok, dan kemudian berlari kembali ke garis awal.^[3]^[4] Meskipun di Delfi, sebuah prasasti merujuk pada "berbagai tonggak belok" sebagai lawan dari hanya "tonggak belok", yang menunjukkan bahwa setiap pelari memiliki tonggak beloknya sendiri, untuk mencegah pelari luar kehilangan 3-4 meter.^[5] Tonggak itu disebut kampteres.^[2] Bukti arkeologis di Nemea juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tonggak-tonggak belokan setiap atlet.^[6]

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ Gardiner p.136
^ ^a ^b Sweet p.27
^ Miller, p. 32. "The first addition to the Olympic program was the diaulos, or double-stadion, race in 724. This race, the functional equivalent of the modern 400-meters, is difficult to identify on the vase paintings, because the runners' gait is similar to that of stadion runners. By comparing runners whose knees are slightly lower than the others' (contrast the knees in figures 3 and 11 with those in figure 30), we may be able to distinguish between the two events. The only depiction of the diaulos of which we are certain, however, is on a fragment of a Panathenaic amphora labeled, "I am a diaulos runner"."
^ Golden, pp. 51-52. "Diaulos, "double pipe" (see AULOS), one of the regular events at Greek competitive festivals. The diaulos was a footrace two lengths of the STADIUM (400 Greek feet) – up in lanes marked out by lime or gypsum, counter-clockwise around a post (KAMPTËR), and back in a parallel line. According to tradition, it joined the Olympic programme second, in 724; the first winner was HYPENUS of Pisa. Only men ran diaulos at Olympia, Isthmia and Nemea. At the Pythian games, however, it was on the original programme for both paides and men. Diaulos runners needed to be stronger than sprinters but lighter than HOPLITE racers (who ran the same distance, in armour); however (according to Galen), even a champion would be slower at this distance than a gazelle. Unchallenged by gazelles, some diaulos runners enjoyed success over many years: an Argive won at Olympia four times running (208-196), a feat matched and surpassed by LEONIDAS of Rhodes (164-152, adding victories in STADION and race in armour as well). Double victories in stadion and diaulos were not uncommon. The term is also used for a horse race of two lengths of the Greek HIPPODROME."
^ Gardiner p.137
^ Sweet p. 30

Daftar pustaka

Miller, Stephen G., Ben Schmidt, Ancient Greek Athletics: the events at Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, and Isthmia. Yale University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-300-11529-6
Golden, Mark. Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-415-24881-7
Gardiner, E. Norman. Athletics of the Ancient World. Oxford: Clarendon. Print. ISBN 978-0486424866.
Sweet, Waldo E. Sport and Recreation in Ancient Greece a Sourcebook with Translations. New York: Oxford UP, 1987. Print. ISBN 978-0300063127.

[1] Gardiner p.136

[Sweet_p.27-2] Sweet p.27

[3] Miller, p. 32. "The first addition to the Olympic program was the diaulos, or double-stadion, race in 724. This race, the functional equivalent of the modern 400-meters, is difficult to identify on the vase paintings, because the runners' gait is similar to that of stadion runners. By comparing runners whose knees are slightly lower than the others' (contrast the knees in figures 3 and 11 with those in figure 30), we may be able to distinguish between the two events. The only depiction of the diaulos of which we are certain, however, is on a fragment of a Panathenaic amphora labeled, "I am a diaulos runner"."

[4] Golden, pp. 51-52. "Diaulos, "double pipe" (see AULOS), one of the regular events at Greek competitive festivals. The diaulos was a footrace two lengths of the STADIUM (400 Greek feet) – up in lanes marked out by lime or gypsum, counter-clockwise around a post (KAMPTËR), and back in a parallel line. According to tradition, it joined the Olympic programme second, in 724; the first winner was HYPENUS of Pisa. Only men ran diaulos at Olympia, Isthmia and Nemea. At the Pythian games, however, it was on the original programme for both paides and men. Diaulos runners needed to be stronger than sprinters but lighter than HOPLITE racers (who ran the same distance, in armour); however (according to Galen), even a champion would be slower at this distance than a gazelle. Unchallenged by gazelles, some diaulos runners enjoyed success over many years: an Argive won at Olympia four times running (208-196), a feat matched and surpassed by LEONIDAS of Rhodes (164-152, adding victories in STADION and race in armour as well). Double victories in stadion and diaulos were not uncommon. The term is also used for a horse race of two lengths of the Greek HIPPODROME."

[5] Gardiner p.137

[6] Sweet p. 30

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