Bencana kelaparan Soviet 1932–33
(Dialihkan dari Kelaparan Soviet 1932-33)
Bencana kelaparan Soviet 1932–33 adalah sebuah bencana kelaparan besar yang menewaskan jutaan orang di wilayah penghasil bahan pokok utama di Uni Soviet, termasuk Ukraina, Kaukasus Utara, Wilayah Volga dan Kazakhstan,[1] Pegunungan Ural Selatan, dan Barat Siberia.[2][3] Holodomor di Ukraina dan bencana kelaparan Kazakhstan 1932–1933 dipandang sebagai genosida yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan Joseph Stalin; lebih dari 3 juta orang tewas di Ukraina dan 600,000 (15% dari seluruh orang Kazakh) tewas di Kazakhstan.[4][5][6]
Catatan sunting
Referensi sunting
- ^ Engerman, David. Modernization from the Other Shore (Google Books).
- ^ "Famine on the South Siberia". Human Science. RU: NSC. hlm. 15.
- ^ "Demographic aftermath of the famine in Kazakhstan". Weekly. RU: Demoscope. Jan 1, 2003.
- ^ NICCOLÒ PIANCIOLA (2001). "The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933". Harvard Ukrainian Studies. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. 25 (3–4): 237–251. JSTOR 41036834. PMID 20034146.
- ^ Volkava, Elena (2012-03-26). "The Kazakh Famine of 1930–33 and the Politics of History in the Post-Soviet Space". Wilson Center. Diakses tanggal 2015-07-09.
- ^ Татимов М. Б. Социальная обусловленность демографических процессов. Алма-Ата,1989. С.124
Sumber sunting
- Davies, RW; Wheatcroft, SG (2004), The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–33; Harrison, Davies, Wheatcroft 2004 (PDF) (review), UK: Warwick.
- Ellman, Michael (June 2007), "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited" (PDF), Europe-Asia Studies, Routledge, 59 (4): 663–93, doi:10.1080/09668130701291899, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-04-15, diakses tanggal 2018-01-02.
- Finn, Peter (April 27, 2008), "Aftermath of a Soviet Famine", The Washington Post.
- Kuromiya, Hiroaki (June 2008), "The Soviet Famine of 1932–1933 Reconsidered", Europe-Asia Studies, 60 (4): 663–75, doi:10.1080/09668130801999912.
- Luciuk, Lubomyr Y, ed, Holodomor: Reflections on the Great Famine in Soviet Ukraine, Kingston, Kashtan Press, 2008
- Markoff, A (1933), Famine in USSR.
- Thorson, Carla (May 5, 2003), The Soviet Famine of 1931–33: Politically Motivated or Ecological Disaster?, UCLA International Institute.
- Wheatcroft, SG (April 1990), "More light on the scale of repression and excess mortality in the Soviet Union in the 1930s" (PDF), Soviet Studies, Tripod.
- Kondrashin, Viktor, ed. (2009), Famine in the Soviet Union 1929–1934 (PDF) (slide stack), Katz, Nikita B transl. docs.; Dolgova, Alexandra transl. note from compilers; Glizchinskaya, Natalia design, RU: Russian Archives, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-03-19.