Kritik terhadap Yesus

Kritik terhadap Yesus sudah ada sejak abad pertama. Yesus pada awalnya dikritisi oleh Farisi dan Ahli Taurat karena melanggar Hukum Taurat. Dia dikecam oleh agama Yahudi sebagai mesias Yahudi yang gagal dan nabi palsu oleh sebagian besar denominasi Yahudi.^[4]^[5] Yahudi juga mempertimbangkan menyembah seseorang sebagai menyembah berhala, dan menolak klaim bahwa Yesus adalah ilahi. Beberapa psikiater, ahli agama dan penulis menjelaskan bahwa keluarga dan pengikut Yesus (Yohanes 7:20) dan orang-orang sezamannya menyatakan bahwa dia sebagai orang yang delusional, dirasuki setan atau gila.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Kritikus awal terhadap Yesus dan Kekristenan termasuk Celsus di abad kedua dan Porfirios di abad ketiga.^[11]^[12] Pada abad ke-19, Friedrich Nietzsche juga merupakan seorang yang kerap mengkritisi Yesus, menyatakan bahwa ajarannya sebagai "anti-kodrat" dalam memperlakukan topik-topik seperti seksualitas. Beberapa kritikus terkini termasuk Ayn Rand, Hector Avalos, Sita Ram Goel, Christopher Hitchens, Bertrand Russell, dan Dayananda Saraswati.

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 pp. 104–108
^ Evans, Craig A. (2001). Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies ISBN 0-391-04118-5 p. 316
^ Wansbrough, Henry (2004). Jesus and the Oral Gospel Tradition ISBN 0-567-04090-9 p. 185
^ Kaplan, Aryeh (1985). The real Messiah? a Jewish response to missionaries (edisi ke-New). New York: National Conference of Synagogue Youth. ISBN 978-1879016118. The real Messiah (pdf)
^ Singer, Tovia (2010). Let's Get Biblical. RNBN Publishers; 2nd edition (2010). ISBN 978-0615348391.
^ Havis, Don (April–June 2001). "An Inquiry into the Mental Health of Jesus: Was He Crazy?". Secular Nation. Minneapolis: Atheist Alliance Inc. ISSN 1530-308X. Diakses tanggal March 16, 2023.
^ Murray, Evan D.; Cunningham, Miles G.; Price, Bruce H. (October 2012). "The Role of Psychotic Disorders in Religious History Considered". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. American Psychiatric Association. 24 (4): 410–426. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11090214. ISSN 1545-7222. OCLC 823065628. PMID 23224447.
^ Meggitt, Justin J. (June 1, 2007). "The Madness of King Jesus: Why was Jesus Put to Death, but his Followers not?". Journal for the Study of the New Testament. London: SAGE Publications. 29 (4): 379–413. doi:10.1177/0142064X07078990. ISSN 0142-064X.
^ Hirsch, William (1912). Religion and Civilization: The Conclusions of a Psychiatrist . New York: The Truth Seeker Company. hlm. 135. LCCN 12002696. OCLC 39864035. OL 20516240M. That the other members of his own family considered him insane, is said quite plainly, for the openly declare, "He is beside himself."
^ Kasmar, Gene (1995). All the obscenities in the Bible. Brooklyn Center, MN: Kas-mark Pub. Co. hlm. 157. ISBN 978-0-9645-9950-5. He was thought to be insane by his own family and neighbors in 'when his friends heard of it, they went out to lay hold on him: for they said, He is beside himself ... (Mark 3:21-22 – The Greek existemi translated beside himself, actually means insane and witless), The Greek word ho para translated friends, also means family.
^ Chadwick, Henry, ed. (1980). Contra Celsum. Cambridge University Press. hlm. xxviii. ISBN 978-0-521-29576-5.
^ Stevenson, J. (1987). Frend, W. H. C., ed. A New Eusebius: Documents illustrating the history of the Church to AD 337. SPCK. hlm. 257. ISBN 978-0-281-04268-5.

Bacaan tambahan

Toledoth Yeshu, translation of Morris Goldstein (Jesus in the Jewish Tradition) and Alan Humm.
Avalos, Hector. The Bad Jesus: The Ethics of New Testament Ethics (Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2015)

[Kostenberger104-1] The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 pp. 104–108

[Evans,_Craig_A._2001_page_316-2] Evans, Craig A. (2001). Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies ISBN 0-391-04118-5 p. 316

[Wansbrough,_Henry_2004_page_185-3] Wansbrough, Henry (2004). Jesus and the Oral Gospel Tradition ISBN 0-567-04090-9 p. 185

[KaplanA-4] Kaplan, Aryeh (1985). The real Messiah? a Jewish response to missionaries (edisi ke-New). New York: National Conference of Synagogue Youth. ISBN 978-1879016118. The real Messiah (pdf)

[SingerT-5] Singer, Tovia (2010). Let's Get Biblical. RNBN Publishers; 2nd edition (2010). ISBN 978-0615348391.

[SN-6] Havis, Don (April–June 2001). "An Inquiry into the Mental Health of Jesus: Was He Crazy?". Secular Nation. Minneapolis: Atheist Alliance Inc. ISSN 1530-308X. Diakses tanggal March 16, 2023.

[JNCN-7] Murray, Evan D.; Cunningham, Miles G.; Price, Bruce H. (October 2012). "The Role of Psychotic Disorders in Religious History Considered". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. American Psychiatric Association. 24 (4): 410–426. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11090214. ISSN 1545-7222. OCLC 823065628. PMID 23224447.

[Meggitt-8] Meggitt, Justin J. (June 1, 2007). "The Madness of King Jesus: Why was Jesus Put to Death, but his Followers not?". Journal for the Study of the New Testament. London: SAGE Publications. 29 (4): 379–413. doi:10.1177/0142064X07078990. ISSN 0142-064X.

[9] Hirsch, William (1912). Religion and Civilization: The Conclusions of a Psychiatrist . New York: The Truth Seeker Company. hlm. 135. LCCN 12002696. OCLC 39864035. OL 20516240M. That the other members of his own family considered him insane, is said quite plainly, for the openly declare, "He is beside himself."

[10] Kasmar, Gene (1995). All the obscenities in the Bible. Brooklyn Center, MN: Kas-mark Pub. Co. hlm. 157. ISBN 978-0-9645-9950-5. He was thought to be insane by his own family and neighbors in 'when his friends heard of it, they went out to lay hold on him: for they said, He is beside himself ... (Mark 3:21-22 – The Greek existemi translated beside himself, actually means insane and witless), The Greek word ho para translated friends, also means family.

[Celsus-11] Chadwick, Henry, ed. (1980). Contra Celsum. Cambridge University Press. hlm. xxviii. ISBN 978-0-521-29576-5.

[12] Stevenson, J. (1987). Frend, W. H. C., ed. A New Eusebius: Documents illustrating the history of the Church to AD 337. SPCK. hlm. 257. ISBN 978-0-281-04268-5.

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