L. Ron Hubbard
Pendiri Agama Scientology
Lafayette Ronald "L. Ron" Hubbard, (13 Maret 1911 – 24 Januari 1986) (/ˈhʌbərd/ HUB-ərd)[2] yang sering disebut dengan inisialnya LRH, adalah seorang pengarang Amerika dan pendiri Gereja Scientology. Setelah menghimpun karier sebagai penulis, menjadi dikenal karena cerita-cerita fiksi ilmiah dan fantasi buatannya, ia mengembangkan sebuah sistem yang disebut Dianetics yang pertama kali muncul dalam bentuk buku pada Mei 1950.
| L. Ron Hubbard | |
|---|---|
 Hubbard di Los Angeles, 1950 | |
| Lahir | Lafayette Ronald Hubbard 13 Maret 1911 Tilden, Nebraska, Amerika Serikat |
| Meninggal | 24 Januari 1986 (umur 74) Creston, California, Amerika Serikat |
| Pendidikan | George Washington University (keluar pada 1932) |
| Pekerjaan | Pengarang, pemimpin agama |
| Dikenal atas | Pendiri Scientology dan gerejanya |
| Karya terkenal | Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health Battlefield Earth |
| Kekayaan bersih | US$600 juta[1] |
| Gugatan kejahatan | Pencurian (pada 1948), Penipuan (in absentia, 1978) |
| Hukuman kriminal | Denda ₣35,000 dan empat tahun penjara (tak dijalani) |
| Suami/istri | Margaret "Polly" Grubb (1933–1947) Sara Northrup Hollister (1946–1951) Mary Sue Whipp (1952–1986) |
| Anak | 7:
Dengan Margaret Grubb:
Dengan Sara Hollister
Dengan Mary Sue Whipp:
|
| Kerabat | Jamie DeWolf (cicit) |
| Tanda tangan | |
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| Penghargaan
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Catatan
sunting- ^ Von Dehsen, Christian D. "L. Ron Hubbard," in Philosophers and religious leaders, p. 90. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. ISBN 978-1-57356-152-5
- ^ Church of Scientology International. L. Ron Hubbard: A Profile. Diakses tanggal November 26, 2012.
Referensi
sunting- Atack, Jon. A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics, and L. Ron Hubbard exposed. Carol Publishing Group, 1990. ISBN 978-0-8184-0499-3, OCLC 20934706
- Behar, Richard Pushing Beyond the U.S.: Scientology makes its presence felt in Europe and Canada
- Bromley, David G. "Making Sense of Scientology: Prophetic, Contractual Religion," in Lewis, James R. (ed.), Scientology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-533149-3 OCLC 232786014
- Christensen, Dorthe Refslund. "Inventing L. Ron Hubbard: On the Construction and Maintenance of the Hagiographic Mythology of Scientology's Founder," pp. 227–258 in Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard: Controversial new religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-515683-6, OCLC 53398162, available through Oxford Scholarship Online, DOI:10.1093/019515682X.003.0011
- Evans, Christopher. Cults of Unreason. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1974. ISBN 0-374-13324-7, OCLC 863421
- Gardner, Martin. Fads and fallacies in the name of science. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1957. ISBN 978-0-486-20394-2, OCLC 18598918
- Jacobsen, Jeff Day, Robert RJ. What the Church of Scientology Doesn't Want You To Know
- Lamont, Stewart. Religion Inc.: The Church of Scientology. London: Harrap, 1986. ISBN 978-0-245-54334-0, OCLC 23079677
- Malko, George. Scientology: The Now Religion. New York: Delacorte Press, 1970. OCLC 115065
- Melton, J. Gordon. Encyclopedic handbook of cults in America. Taylor & Francis; 1992. ISBN 978-0-8153-1140-9
- Miller, Russell. Bare-faced Messiah: the true story of L. Ron Hubbard. London: Joseph, 1987. ISBN 0-7181-2764-1, OCLC 17481843
- O'Brien, Helen. Dianetics in Limbo: A Documentary About Immortality. Philadelphia: Whitmore Publishing, 1966. OCLC 4797460
- Pendle, George. Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons. Orlando, FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006. ISBN 978-0-15-603179-0, OCLC 55149255
- Reitman, Janet. "Inside Scientology," pp. 305–348 of American Society of Magazine Editors (Ed.) The Best American Magazine Writing 2007. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-231-14391-2, OCLC 154711228
- Reitman, Janet. Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011. ISBN 978-0-618-88302-8, OCLC 651912263
- Rolph, Cecil Hewitt Believe What You Like: what happened between the Scientologists and the National Association for Mental Health. London: Deutsch, 1973. ISBN 978-0-233-96375-4, OCLC 815558
- Rothstein, Mikael. "Scientology, scripture and sacred traditions," in Lewis, James R.; Hammer, Olav (eds.): The invention of sacred tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-521-86479-4, OCLC 154706390
- Streeter, Michael. Behind closed doors: the power and influence of secret societies. London: New Holland Publishers, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84537-937-7, OCLC 231589690
- Streissguth, Thomas. Charismatic cult leaders. Minneapolis: The Oliver Press, 1995. ISBN 978-1-881508-18-2, OCLC 30892074
- Tucker, Ruth A. Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2004. ISBN 978-0-310-25937-4, OCLC 19354219
- Wallis, Roy. The road to total freedom: a sociological analysis of Scientology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977. ISBN 978-0-231-04200-0, OCLC 2373469
- Whitehead, Harriet. Renunciation and reformulation: a study of conversion in an American sect. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987. ISBN 978-0-8014-1849-5, OCLC 14002616
- Winter, Joseph A. A Doctor's Report on Dianetics: Theory and Therapy. New York: Julian Press, 1951. OCLC 1572759
Pranala luar
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Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: L. Ron Hubbard.
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai L. Ron Hubbard.
- Sites run by Church of Scientology International
- Publishers' sites
- Author Services Inc.[1] Publisher of L. Ron Hubbard's fiction
- Bridge Publications Inc.[2] Publisher of L. Ron Hubbard's Scientology and Dianetics works
- Writers of the Future[3] A contest founded in the early 1980s by L. Ron Hubbard to encourage upcoming fiction and fantasy writers
- Further mention of Hubbard
- Bare Faced Messiah by Russell Miller
- Biographical documentation from The New Yorker
- Operation Clambake. Critical material on Hubbard and Scientology
- U.S. Government FBI Files for Hubbard via The Smoking Gun
- 'The Shrinking World of L. Ron Hubbard': Rare interview with Hubbard by an external documentary team di YouTube – World in Action, Granada TV, directed & produced by Charlie Nairn, 1967.
- Frenschkowski, Marco, L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology: An annotated bibliographical survey of primary and selected secondary literature, Marburg Journal of Religion, Vol. 1. No. 1. July 1999, ISSN 1612-2941
- L. Ron Hubbard di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
- (Inggris) L. Ron Hubbard di Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- L. Ron Hubbard Diarsipkan 2007-06-09 di Wayback Machine. at the Internet Book List
- Hubbard, L Ron at the Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
- Hubbard, L Ron Diarsipkan 2018-10-04 di Wayback Machine. at the Encyclopedia of Fantasy