Michael Behe

Michael J. Behe (/ˈbiːhiː/ BEE-hee; lahir 18 Januari 1952) adalah seorang ahli biokimia, pengarang dan pendukung intelligent design (ID) yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat. Ia menjabat sebagai profesor biokimia pada Lehigh University di Pennsylvania dan seorang senior fellow Center for Science and Culture pada Discovery Institute. Behe paling terkenal karena argumennya mengenai irreducible complexity (IC; "kerumitan tak tersederhanakan"), yang menyatakan bahwa sejumlah struktur biokimia terlalu kompleks untuk dijelaskan dengan mekanisme evolusi yang diketahui saat ini dan karenanya kemungkinan besar adalah hasil dari intelligent design ("perancangan cerdas"). Behe memberikan kesaksian ahli pada beberapa kasus pengadilan yang berhubungan dengan intelligent design, termasuk kasus pengadilan Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District yang menghasilkan keputusan bahwa intelligent design bersifat agamawi.

Michael Behe
Lahir	Michael J. Behe 18 Januari 1952 Altoona, Pennsylvania
Almamater	University of Pennsylvania
Dikenal atas	Irreducible complexity
Karier ilmiah
Bidang	Biochemistry
Institusi	Lehigh University in Pennsylvania Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture
Disertasi	"Investigation of some physical chemical factors affecting the gelation of sickle cell hemoglobin" (1978)

Publikasi

Buku

• Behe, Michael J. (1996). Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-684-82754-9. LCCN 96000695. OCLC 34150540. 
• ——; Dembski, William A.; Meyer, Stephen C. (2000). Science and Evidence for Design in the Universe: Papers Presented at a Conference Sponsored by the Wethersfield Institute, New York City, September 25, 1999. Proceedings of the Wethersfield Institute. 9. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. ISBN 0-89870-809-5. LCCN 00102374. OCLC 45720008. 
• —— (2003). "Design in the Details: The Origin of Biomolecular Machines". Dalam Campbell, John Angus; Meyer, Stephen C. Darwinism, Design and Public Education. Rhetoric and Public Affairs Series. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. hlm. 287–302. ISBN 0-87013-670-4. LCCN 2003020507. OCLC 53145654. 
• —— (2003). "The modern intelligent design hypothesis: breaking rules". Dalam Manson, Neal A. God and Design: The Teleological Argument and Modern Science. London; New York: Routledge. hlm. 277–291. ISBN 0-415-26344-1. LCCN 2002027548. OCLC 50447710. 
• —— (2004). "Irreducible Complexity: Obstacle to Darwinian Evolution". Dalam Dembski, William A.; Ruse, Michael. Debating Design: From Darwin to DNA. New York: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 352–370. ISBN 0-521-82949-6. LCCN 2004047363. OCLC 54826160.  "Papers from a conference, entitled Design and its Critics, held at Concordia University, Mequon, Wis., June 22–24, 2000."
• ——; Singh, Thoudam Damodara (2005). God, Intelligent Design & Fine-Tuning: A Discussion Between Michael J. Behe and T.D. Singh. Kolkata, West Bengal: Bhaktivedanta Institute. ISBN 81-89635-01-8. LCCN 2006554901. OCLC 70631564. 
• —— (2007). The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-9620-6. LCCN 2007298379. OCLC 136958644. 
• —— (2013). "Getting There First: An Evolutionary Rate Advantage for Adaptive Loss-of-Function Mutations". Dalam Marks II, Robert J.; Behe, Michael J.; Dembski, William A.; Gordon, Bruce L.; Sanford, John C. Biological Information--New Perspectives: Proceedings of a Symposium Held May 31, 2011 Through June 3, 2011 at Cornell University. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. hlm. 450–473. ISBN 978-981-4508-71-1. LCCN 2013016707. OCLC 858441131. 

Artikel Jurnal

Struktur DNA

• Behe, Michael J.; Felsenfeld, Gary; Szu, Shousun Chen; Charney, Elliot (February 1985). "Temperature-dependent conformational transitions in poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-m⁵dC)". Biopolymers. New York: Wiley InterScience. 24 (2): 289–300. doi:10.1002/bip.360240202. ISSN 0006-3525. PMID 3978220. 
• —— (March 1986). "Vacuum UV CD of the low-salt Z-forms of poly(rG-dC).poly(rG-dC), and poly(dG-m⁵dC).poly(dG-m⁵dC)". Biopolymers. New York: Wiley InterScience. 25 (3): 519–523. doi:10.1002/bip.360250310. ISSN 0006-3525. PMID 3754471. 
• —— (December 1987). "The DNA sequence of the human β-globin region is strongly biased in favor of long strings of contiguous purine or pyrimidine residues". Biochemistry. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 26 (24): 7870–7875. doi:10.1021/bi00398a050. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 3427110. 
• ——; Beasty, Anne M. (1991). "Co-polymer tracts in eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and organellar DNA". DNA Sequence. Zug, Switzerland: Informa. 1 (5): 291–302. doi:10.3109/10425179109020785. ISSN 1940-1736. OCLC 474190174. PMID 1799681. 
• —— (February 25, 1995). "An overabundance of long oligopurine tracts occurs in the genome of simple and complex eukaryotes". Nucleic Acids Research. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 23 (4): 689–695. doi:10.1093/nar/23.4.689. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 306739 . PMID 7899090. 
• —— (1998). "Tracts of adenosine and cytidine residues in the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes". DNA Sequence. Zug, Switzerland: Informa. 8 (6): 375–383. doi:10.3109/10425179809020898. ISSN 1940-1736. PMID 10728822. 

Protein structure

• Behe, Michael J.; Englander, S. Walter (July 1978). "Sickle hemoglobin gelation. Reaction order and critical nucleus size". Biophysical Journal. Cambridge, MA: Cell Press. 23 (1): 129–145. Bibcode:1978BpJ....23..129B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(78)85438-1. ISSN 0006-3495. PMC 1473549 . PMID 667302. 
• ——; —— (September 5, 1979). "Mixed gelation theory. Kinetics, equilibrium and gel incorporation in sickle hemoglobin mixtures". Journal of Molecular Biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 133 (1): 137–160. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(79)90254-7. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 93643. 
• ——; —— (September 18, 1979). "Quantitative assessment of the noncovalent inhibition of sickle hemoglobin gelation by phenyl derivatives and other known agents". Biochemistry. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 18 (19): 4196–4201. doi:10.1021/bi00586a025. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 486417. 
• ——; Lattman, Eaton E.; Rose, George D. (May 15, 1991). "The protein-folding problem: the native fold determines packing, but does packing determine the native fold?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. 88 (10): 4195–4199. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.4195B. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.10.4195. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 51625 . PMID 2034665. 

Evolusi

• Behe, Michael J. (October 1990). "Histone deletion mutants challenge the molecular clock hypothesis". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. Cambridge, MA: Cell Press. 15 (10): 374–376. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(90)90231-Y. ISSN 0968-0004. PMID 2251727. 
• —— (March 2000). "Self-Organization and Irreducibly Complex Systems: A Reply to Shanks and Joplin". Philosophy of Science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 67 (1): 155–162. doi:10.1086/392766. ISSN 0031-8248. JSTOR 188618. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-30. 
• —— (November 2001). "Reply to My Critics: A Response to Reviews of Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution" (PDF). Biology and Philosophy. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 16 (5): 685–709. doi:10.1023/A:1012268700496. ISSN 0169-3867. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-12-05. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-30. 
• ——; Snoke, David W. (October 2004). "Simulating evolution by gene duplication of protein features that require multiple amino acid residues". Protein Science. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. 13 (10): 2651–2664. doi:10.1110/ps.04802904. ISSN 0961-8368. PMC 2286568 . PMID 15340163. 
• —— (December 2010). "Experimental evolution, loss-of-function mutations, and 'the first rule of adaptive evolution'" (PDF). The Quarterly Review of Biology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 85 (4): 419–445. doi:10.1086/656902. ISSN 0033-5770. JSTOR 656902. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-06-28. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-30. 

Artikel media

• Behe, Michael J. (October 29, 1996). "Darwin Under the Microscope". The New York Times (Op-ed). hlm. A25. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-30. 
• —— (August 13, 1999). "Teach Evolution—And Ask Hard Questions". The New York Times (Op-ed). hlm. A21. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-30. 
• —— (April 2002). "The Challenge of Irreducible Complexity". Natural History. New York: American Museum of Natural History. 111 (3): 74. ISSN 0028-0712. 
• —— (February 7, 2005). "Design for Living". The New York Times (Op-ed). hlm. A21. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-30. 

Kemunculan dalam film dan video

• Behe, Michael J. (1997). Irreducible Complexity: The Biochemical Challenge to Darwinian Theory (Public lecture). Pasadena, CA: Reasons to Believe. OCLC 827561263. 
• —— (2001). Intelligent Design: From the Big Bang to Irreducible Complexity: An Interview with Dr. Michael Behe (Interview). Colorado Springs, CO: Access Research Network. OCLC 49254259. 
• —— (2002). Unlocking the Mystery of Life (Interview). Colorado Springs, CO: Focus on the Family; Illustra Media. OCLC 51949578. 
• —— (2003). Where Does the Evidence Lead?: Exploring the Theory of Intelligent Design (Interview). Murrieta, CA: Illustra Media. OCLC 60849776. 
• Olson, Randy (Writer, Director); Carlisle, Ty (Producer); Behe, Michael J. (Interviewee) (2006). Flock of Dodos: The Evolution-Intelligent Design Circus (Motion picture). New York: Docurama Films. ISBN 978-0-767-09819-9. LCCN 2011604915. OCLC 162139273. 

Pustaka

• Coulter, Ann H. (2007) [Originally published 2006; New York: Crown Forum]. Godless: The Church of Liberalism (edisi ke-1st pbk.). New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-1-4000-5421-3. LCCN 2007280683. OCLC 148652646. 
• Forrest, Barbara (2001). "The Wedge at Work: How Intelligent Design Creationism Is Wedging Its Way into the Cultural and Academic Mainstream". Dalam Pennock, Robert T. Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics: Philosophical, Theological, and Scientific Perspectives. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-66124-1. LCCN 2001031276. OCLC 46729201. Diakses tanggal 2008-09-27. 

Pranala luar

• Michael Behe Biography Diarsipkan 2006-09-06 di Wayback Machine. from Lehigh University
• Michael Behe Biography from the Discovery Institute
• Michael Behe Biography from the Access Research Network
• Irreducible Complexity and Michael Behe on intelligent design from the TalkOrigins Archive
• Michael Behe di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)