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Perang Saudara Libya Kedua

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(Dialihkan dari Perang Saudara Libya (2014–sekarang))

Perang Saudara Libya Kedua adalah perang saudara multi-sisi yang berlangsung dari 2014 hingga 2020 di Afrika Utara di negara Libya yang bertempur antara kelompok bersenjata yang berbeda, terutama Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Pemerintah Kesepakatan Nasional.[111]

Perang Saudara Libya Kedua
Bagian dari Kekerasan pascaperang saudara di Libya
Tanggal16 May 2014 – 23 Oktober 2020
LokasiLibya
Hasil

Gencatan senjata

Main belligerents

Libya Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (basis-Tobruk)[1][2]

Others:

Grup Wagner
(sejak 2018)
[12][13][14][15][16]
Mesir Egypt[17][18][19]
Uni Emirat Arab Uni Emirat Arab[17][20][21][22]
 Sudan (RSF)[23] (since 2019)
 Syria
(since 2020)[24][25][26]

Support:

Libya Pemerintah Kesepakatan Nasional (basis-Tripoli) (sejak 2016)

Others:

Templat:Country data oposisi Suriah Tentara Nasional Suriah (sejak 2019)[54]
 Turki (sejak 2020)[55][56][57]

Support:

Libya Pemerintah Keselamatan Nasional
(2014–2017)[72][73]

Support:

Dewan Syura
Revolusioner Benghazi
(2014–2017)[82][83]
al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
(2014–2017)[84]

SCBR
militia:
Others:

ISIS
(from 2014)[89]

Support:
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Libya Aguila Saleh Issa
(Presiden Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat)
Libya Abdullah al-Thani
(Perdana Menteri)[97]
FM Khalifa Haftar
(Komandan Tertinggi LNA)
Gen. Abdulrazek al-Nadoori (Chief of the General Staff of the LNA)
Col. Wanis Abu Khamada
(Commander of Libyan Special Forces)
Brig. Gen. Almabrook Suhban
(Chief of Staff of the Libyan Ground Forces)
Brig. Gen. Saqr Geroushi
(Chief of Staff of the Libyan Air Force) (LNA-aligned)
Adm. Faraj al-Mahdawi
(Chief of Staff of the Libyan Navy) (LNA-aligned)
Libya Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
(Candidate for President of Libya)		 Libya Fayez al-Sarraj
(Ketua Dewan Presiden dan Perdana Menteri)
Libya Fathi Bashagha
(Menteri dalam Negwri)
Libya Salah Eddine al-Namrush
(Menteri Pertahanan)
Jenderal. Mohammad Ali al-Haddad
(Kepala Staf Umum Tentara Libya)
Abdul Hakim Abu Hawliyeh (Chief of the Libyan Navy) (GNA-aligned)
Col. Rida Issa (Commander of Libyan Navy) (GNA-aligned)
Maj. Gen. Osama Juwaili
(Commander of the Western Military Zone)
Maj. Gen. Abubaker Marwan
(Commander of Tripoli Military Zone)
Maj. Gen. Mohamed Elhadad
(Commander of the Central Military Zone)
Gen. Ali Kanna
(Commander of the Southern Military Zone)

Libya Nouri Abusahmain (2014–16)
(President of the GNC)
Libya Khalifa al-Ghawil (2015–2017)
(Prime Minister)[98]
Libya Sadiq Al-Ghariani
(Grand Mufti)

Abu Khalid al Madani †
(Ansar al-Sharia Leader)[99]
Mokhtar Belmokhtar
(Commander of Al-Mourabitoun, believed dead)[100]
Musa Abu Dawud † (AQIM southern Zone commander)[84]

Mohamed al-Zahawi †[101]
(Former Ansar al-Sharia Leader)
Ateyah Al-Shaari DMSC / DPF leader
Wissam Ben Hamid †[102]
(Libya Shield 1 Commander)
Salim Derby †
(Commander of Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade)[103]		 Abu Nabil al-Anbari † (Top ISIL leader in Libya)[104][105]
Templat:Country data Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Abu Hudhayfah al-Muhajir[106]
(ISIL governor of Wilayat Tripolitania)
Korban
10,168+ terbunuh[107][108][109][110]

Kongres Nasional Umum (GNC), yang berbasis di Libya barat dan didukung oleh berbagai milisi dengan beberapa dukungan dari Qatar dan Turki,[112][113][114][115] awalnya menerima hasil pemilu 2014, tetapi menolaknya setelah Mahkamah Konstitusi Agung membatalkan amandemen terkait peta jalan untuk transisi Libya dan pemilu HoR.[13] Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (atau Dewan Deputi) mengendalikan Libya timur dan tengah dan memiliki loyalitas dari Tentara Nasional Libya (LNA), dan telah didukung oleh serangan udara oleh Mesir dan Uni Emirat Arab.[112] Karena kontroversi tentang amandemen konstitusi, HoR menolak untuk menjabat dari GNC di Tripoli,[116] yang dikendalikan oleh kelompok-kelompok Islam bersenjata dari Misrata. Sebaliknya, HoR mendirikan parlemennya di Tobruk, yang dikendalikan oleh pasukan Jenderal Haftar. Pada bulan Desember 2015,Perjanjian Politik Libya[117] ditandatangani setelah pembicaraan di Skhirat, sebagai hasil dari negosiasi yang berlarut-larut antara kubu politik saingan yang berbasis di Tripoli, Tobruk, dan di tempat lain yang sepakat untuk bersatu sebagai Pemerintah Kesepakatan Nasional. Pada 30 Maret 2016, Fayez Sarraj, kepala GNA, tiba di Tripoli dan mulai bekerja dari sana meskipun ada tentangan dari GNC.[118]

Selain ketiga faksi tersebut, ada: Islamis Dewan Syura Revolusioner Benghazi, yang dipimpin oleh Ansar al-Sharia, yang mendapat dukungan dari GNC dan kekalahan di Benghazi pada tahun 2017;[119][120][121] the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant's (ISIL's) Libyan provinces;[122] Dewan Syura Mujahidin di Derna yang mengusir ISIS dari Derna pada Juli 2015 dan kemudian dikalahkan di Derna oleh pemerintah Tobruk pada 2018;[123] as well as other armed groups and militias whose allegiances often change.[112]

Pada Mei 2016, GNA dan GNC meluncurkan serangan bersama untuk merebut area di dalam dan sekitar Sirte dari ISIS. Serangan ini mengakibatkan ISIS kehilangan kendali atas semua wilayah penting yang sebelumnya dikuasai di Libya.[124][125] Kemudian pada tahun 2016, pasukan yang setia kepada Khalifa al-Ghawil mencoba kudeta melawan Fayez al-Sarraj dan Dewan Presiden dari GNA.[126]

Pada 23 Oktober 2020, 5+5 Komisi Militer Gabungan Libya yang mewakili LNA dan GNA mencapai "perjanjian gencatan senjata permanen di semua wilayah Libya". Perjanjian tersebut, yang berlaku segera, mengharuskan semua pejuang asing meninggalkan Libya dalam waktu tiga bulan sementara pasukan polisi gabungan akan berpatroli di daerah-daerah yang disengketakan. Penerbangan komersial pertama antara Tripoli dan Benghazi berlangsung pada hari yang sama.[127][128] Pada 10 Maret 2021, sebuah pemerintah persatuan sementara dibentuk, dan dijadwalkan akan tetap berlaku sampai Pemilu umum Libya 2021 pada bulan Desember.[96]

Referensi

sunting
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    ONE YEAR OF DESTRUCTIVE WAR IN LIBYA, UNSMIL RENEWS CALLS FOR IMMEDIATE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES AND UNITY TO COMBAT COVID-19
    Negotiated Solution in Libya Crucial as Foreign Interference Grows, Thousands Flee Homes, Secretary-General Warns Security Council, Stressing Time ‘Not on Our Side’
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