Pierre Charles L'Enfant

Pierre Charles L'Enfant (bahasa Prancis: [pjɛʁ ʃɑʁl lɑ̃fɑ̃]; 2 Agustus 1754 – 14 Juni 1825), yang mengidentifikasikan dirinya sendiri sebagai Peter Charles L'Enfant saat tinggal di Amerika Serikat, adalah seorang insinyur militer Prancis-Amerika yang mendesain rencana dasar untuk Washington, D.C. (ibu kota AS) yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Rencana L'Enfant (1791).

Pierre Charles L'Enfant

Biografi
Kelahiran	2 Agustus 1754 Paris
Kematian	14 Juni 1825 (70 tahun) Chillum (en)
Tempat pemakaman	Permakaman Nasional Arlington, Section 2, Grave S-3 1909 (1909) – {{{4}}} ({{{4}}}) 38.8811°N 77.0723°W / 38.8811; -77.0723 Chillum (en) Januari 1825 (1825-1909) – {{{4}}} ({{{4}}}) 38.9722°N 76.9767°W / 38.9722; -76.9767
Data pribadi
Kelompok etnik	French Americans (en)
Pendidikan	Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (1771–1776)
Kegiatan
Spesialisasi	Arsitektur
Pekerjaan	arsitek, zeni, Perencana kota
Bekerja di	Akademi Militer Amerika Serikat (1813–1817)
Murid dari	Pierre L'Enfant (en)
Cabang militer	Angkatan Bersenjata Kontinental
Pangkat militer	major (en)  (1783–)
Konflik	Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat
Karya kreatif
Karya terkenal (1790) Washington, D.C. (1842) Federal Hall
Keluarga
Ayah	Pierre L'Enfant (en)

Masa kecil dan pendidikan

L'Enfant lahir di Paris, Prancis pada 2 Agustus 1754.

Referensi

• Berg, Scott W. (2007). Grand Avenues: The Story of the French Visionary Who Designed Washington, D.C. Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-375-42280-5. OCLC 70267127. 
• Bowling, Kenneth R (2002). Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University. ISBN 0972761101. LCCN 2003385101. OCLC 606900534. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2017 – via Google Books. 
  • Sterling, Christopher (May 2003). "Revisiting an Old Controversy: Review of Bowling, Kenneth R. (2002), Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic". H-DC: H-Net Reviews: H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences Online. East Lansing, Michigan: The Center for Humane Arts, Letters, and Social Sciences Online: Department of History: Michigan State University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 24, 2017. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2017. 
• Bryan, Wilhelmus Bogart (1914). A History of the National Capital from its Foundation through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act. 1: 1790-1814. New York: The MacMillan Company. OCLC 902842081. Diakses tanggal December 27, 2017 – via HathiTrust Digital Library. 
• Caemmerer, H. Paul (1970). The Life of Pierre Charles L'Enfant. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306713810. OCLC 99500. 
• Jusserand, Jean Jules (1916). Major L'Enfant and the Federal City. With Americans of Past and Present Days. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. hlm. 137–195. OCLC 1075914 – via Google Books. 
• Kite, Elizabeth Sarah (1929). L'Enfant and Washington, 1791–1792. Johns Hopkins University Press. OCLC 2898164. 
• Morgan, James Dudley, M.D. (1899). "Maj. Pierre Charles L'Enfant, The Unhonored and Unrewarded Engineer". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Historical Society. 2: 118–157. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2011 – via Google Books. 
• Stewart, John (1899). "Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D.C." Records of the Columbia Historical Society. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Historical Society. 2: 48–71. Diakses tanggal August 15, 2011 – via Google Books. 
• Worthington, Glen (May 1, 2005). "The Vision of Pierre L'Enfant: A City to Inspire, A Plan to Preserve". Georgetown Law Historic Preservation Papers Series. Paper 9. Diakses tanggal September 2, 2011. 

Bacaan tambahan

• Mann, Nicholas, The Sacred Geometry of Washington, D.C.: The Integrity and Power of the Original Design, Green Magic 2006. ISBN 0-9547230-7-4, ISBN 978-0-9547230-7-1
• Ovason, David, The Secret Architecture of Our Nation's Capital: the Masons and the building of Washington, D.C., New York City: Perennial, 2002. ISBN 0-06-019537-1 ISBN 978-0060195373
• Stephenson, Richard W. (1993). A Plan Whol[l]y new : Pierre Charles L'Enfant's Plan of the City of Washington. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. ISBN 0844406996. LCCN 92028798. OCLC 606533104. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2017 – via Google Books. 

Pranala luar

• (Inggris) Pierre Charles L'Enfant di Find a Grave