Supergrup SAR

Supergrup SAR ;
	Sar
	;
Taksonomi
Superkerajaan	Eukaryota
Tanpa nilai	Sar ; Adl, 2012
Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010;
Filum
	Heterokontophyta (= Stramenopila); Alveolata; Rhizaria;

Sar atau Harosa (informal supergrup SAR) adalah klad yang mencakup stramenopila (heterokontophyta), alveolata, dan rhizaria.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Huruf pertama dari setiap kelompok memberikan nama "SAR" (alternatif dieja "RAS").^[5]^[6]

Istilah "Harosa" (di tingkat subkingdom) juga telah digunakan untuk pengelompokan ini oleh Cavalier-Smith (2010).^[7] Adl et al. (2012) memformalkan supergrup SAR sebagai takson berbasis simpul Sar. Mereka mendefinisikannya sebagai:^[5]

Sar: the least inclusive clade containing Bigelowiella natans Moestrup & Sengco 2001 (Rhizaria), Tetrahymena thermophila Nanney & McCoy 1976 (Alveolata), and Thalassiosira pseudonana Cleve 1873 (Stramenopiles). This is a node-based definition in which all of the specifiers are extant.

Anggota supergrup SAR yang pernah dimasukkan di bawah supergrup terpisah Chromalveolata dan Rhizaria, sampai studi filogenetik menegaskan bahwa stramenopila dan alveolata menyimpang bersama dengan rhizaria. Ini tampaknya mengecualikan haptophyta dan cryptomonad, membuat Okamoto et al. (2009) mengusulkan klad Hacrobia untuk menampung mereka.^[8]

Filogeni

Berdasarkan kompilasi dari karya berikut.^[9]^[10]

Harosa

Rhizaria

Phytomyxea Engler & Prantl 1897 em. Cavalier-Smith 1993

Vampyrellida West 1901 emend. Hess et al. 2012

Filosa Leidy 1879 s.s.

Retaria Cavalier-Smith 2002

Gromiidea Cavalier-Smith 2003

	Mikrocytida Hartikainen et al. 2014

	Ascetosporea Sprague 1979 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2009

Halvaria

Alveolata

	Ciliophora Doflein 1901 stat. n. Copeland 1956

	Miozoa Cavalier-Smith 1987

Heterokonta

Platysulcidae Shiratori, Nkayama & Ishida 2015

Sagenista Cavalier-Smith 1995 stat. n. 2006

Bikosea Cavalier-Smith 2013

Placidozoa Cavalier-Smith 2013

Gyrista

Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1998

Oomycota Arx 1967

Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker 1969

	Pirsoniales Cavalier-Smith 1998

	Ochrophyta Cavalier-Smith 1986 (Alga coklat, emas & kuning)

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Archibald JM (January 2009). "The puzzle of plastid evolution". Curr. Biol. 19 (2): R81–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067. PMID 19174147.
^ Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M; et al. (2007). Butler, Geraldine, ed. "Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups". PLoS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790. PMC 1949142  . PMID 17726520.
^ Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW; et al. (March 2009). "Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (10): 3859–64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106. PMC 2656170  . PMID 19237557.
^ Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H; et al. (December 2008). "Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (12): 2653–67. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206. PMID 18799712.
^ ^a ^b Sina M. Adl, Alastair G.B. Simpson, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukeš, David Bass, Samuel S. Bowser, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Micah Dunthorn, Vladimir Hampl, Aaron Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, Hilary McManus, Edward A.D. Mitchell, Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge, Laura W. Parfrey, Jan Pawlowski, Sonja Rueckert, Laura Shadwick, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, & Frederick W. Spiegel (2012). "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–493. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872  . PMID 23020233. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-08-25. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-01.
^ Sandra L. Baldauf (2008). "An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263–273. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060.
^ T. Cavalier-Smith (June 2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060  . PMID 20031978. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-20. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-01.
^ Fabien Burki (2014). "The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6: 1–17. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147.
^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLoS ONE, 10 (4), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
^ Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL archives-ouvertes: 1–462

Templat:Heterokontophyta

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[pmid19174147-1] Archibald JM (January 2009). "The puzzle of plastid evolution". Curr. Biol. 19 (2): R81–8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067. PMID 19174147.

[pmid17726520-2] Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M; et al. (2007). Butler, Geraldine, ed. "Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups". PLoS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790. PMC 1949142  . PMID 17726520.

[pmid19237557-3] Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW; et al. (March 2009). "Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (10): 3859–64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106. PMC 2656170  . PMID 19237557.

[pmid18799712-4] Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H; et al. (December 2008). "Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (12): 2653–67. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206. PMID 18799712.

[adl2012-5] Sina M. Adl, Alastair G.B. Simpson, Christopher E. Lane, Julius Lukeš, David Bass, Samuel S. Bowser, Matthew W. Brown, Fabien Burki, Micah Dunthorn, Vladimir Hampl, Aaron Heiss, Mona Hoppenrath, Enrique Lara, Line Le Gall, Denis H. Lynn, Hilary McManus, Edward A.D. Mitchell, Sharon E. Mozley-Stanridge, Laura W. Parfrey, Jan Pawlowski, Sonja Rueckert, Laura Shadwick, Conrad L. Schoch, Alexey Smirnov, & Frederick W. Spiegel (2012). "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–493. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872  . PMID 23020233. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-08-25. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-01.

[J1-6] Sandra L. Baldauf (2008). "An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263–273. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060.

[pmid20031978-7] T. Cavalier-Smith (June 2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060  . PMID 20031978. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-05-20. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-01.

[burki2014-8] Fabien Burki (2014). "The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6: 1–17. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147.

[9] Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLoS ONE, 10 (4), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248

[10] Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL archives-ouvertes: 1–462

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Supergrup SAR
Sar

Taksonomi

Superkerajaan	Eukaryota
Tanpa nilai	Sar Adl, 2012


Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010
Filum
Heterokontophyta (= Stramenopila) Alveolata Rhizaria