Orde Merit
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Order of Merit adalah sebuah tanda kehormatan yang ada di Britania Raya dan Persemakmuran yang diberikan oleh Ratu Elizabeth II dari Britania Raya. Tanda kehormatan ini diberikan untuk pertama kali pada tahun 1902 oleh Raja Edward VII (yang didasarkan pada Prussian Pour le Mérite) sebagai sebuah penghargaan untuk pekerjaan yang mengagumkan di dunia kemiliteran, ilmu pengetahuan, seni, literatur, atau untuk promosi budaya. Tanda kehormatan ini berada setingkat lebih rendah daripada Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath; dan walaupun tidak memberikan tambahan gelar apapun, penerimanya berhak untuk menambahkan "O.M." setelah nama keluarganya.
Order of Merit | |
---|---|
Dianugerahkan oleh Monarki dari Britania Raya | |
Tipe | Order |
Dibentuk | 1902 |
Motto | FOR MERIT |
Dianugerahkan kepada | At the monarch's pleasure |
Status | Currently constituted |
Tingkat | Anggota |
Prioritas | |
Tingkat lebih tinggi | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |
Tingkat lebih rendah | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath |
Lencana-nya terbentuk dari sebuah palang merah dengan sebuah mahkkota emas diatasnya. Untuk versi militernya sedikit berbeda dengan untuk orang sipil, dimana versi militer ditambahkan dengan sepasang pedang bersilang di belakang dari tengah-teengah medalinya. Pitanya untuk lencana ini berwarna merah dan biru.
Tanda Kehormatan ini terbatas diberikan pada beberapa orang tertentu yang bisa dilihat pada Daftar dari Monarki dari Britania Raya dan dua puluh empat anggota khusus, namun ada juga beberapa orang asing bisa mendapatkannya dan mereka masuk pada daftar yang dikenal sebagai "anggota kehormatan". Dari awalnya, tanda kehormatan ini juga diberikan untuk wanita, dan Florence Nightingale adalah orang pertama yang menerimanya di tahun 1907.
Para anggotanya sekarang
- Sovereign: HM The Queen
- Anggota:
- The Duke of Edinburgh KG KT OM GBE AC QSO CD PC (1968), Royal Consort
- Owen Chadwick OM KBE (1983), Theological Historian
- Sir Andrew Huxley OM FRS (1983), Physiologist, Nobel Laureate (Medicine) dan President of the Royal Society (1980 - 1985)
- Dr Frederick Sanger OM CH CBE FRS (1986), Biochemist and Double Nobel Laureate (Chemistry)
- Baroness Thatcher LG OM PC FRS (1990), British Prime Minister (1979-1990)
- Dame Joan Sutherland OM AC DBE (1991), Coloratura Soprano
- Sir Michael Atiyah OM FRS (1992), Mathematician, Fields medalist, Abel Laureate and President of the Royal Society (1990 - 1995)
- Lucian Freud OM CH (1993), Painter
- Sir Aaron Klug OM FRS (1995), Biophysicist, Nobel Laureate (Chemistry) and President of the Royal Society (1995 - 2000)
- Lord Foster of Thames Bank OM RA (1997), Architect and Pritzker Laureate
- Sir James Black OM FRS (2000), Pharmacologist and Nobel Laureate (Medicine)
- Sir Anthony Caro OM CBE (2000), Sculptor
- Sir Roger Penrose OM FRS (2000), Mathematical physicist
- Sir Tom Stoppard OM CBE (2000), Playwright
- The Prince of Wales KG KT GCB OM AK QSO CD PC ADC (2002), Heir to the Throne
- Lord May of Oxford OM AC FRS (2002), Ecologist and President of the Royal Society (2000 - 2005)
- Lord Rothschild OM GBE FBA (2002), Philanthropist
- Sir David Attenborough OM CH CVO CBE FRS (2005), Broadcaster
- Baroness Boothroyd OM PC (2005), Wanita pertama Speaker of the House of Commons
- Sir Michael Howard OM CH CBE MC (2005), Military historian
- Sir Timothy Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA (2007), Inventor of the World Wide Web, Director of the W3C
- Lord Rees of Ludlow OM PRS (2007), Astronomer Royal (1995 - ) and President of the Royal Society (2005 - )
- Lord Eames OM (2007), Anglican Primate of All Ireland and Archbishop of Armagh (1986 - 2006)
- There is one vacancy, following the death of Sir Denis Rooke di bulan September 2008.
- Anggota Kehormatan:
Para anggota yang sekarang sebelum tahun 2002 sudah digaris bawahi; tanggal yang ditampilkan adalah tanggal dimana yang bersangkutan mendapatkan penghargaannya; gelar di bidang formalnya dan penghargaannya lainnya juga dicantumkan disini.
1. Field Marshal Right Hon. Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC., KG., KP., GCB., OM., GCSI., GCIE. (1832 - 1914) 26 Juni 1902
2. Field Marshal Right Hon. Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley. KP, GCB., OM., GCMG. (1833 - 1913) 26 Juni 1902
3. Field Marshal Right Hon. Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener KG., KP., GCB., OM., GCSI., GCMG., GCIE. (1850 - 1916) 26 Juni 1902
4. Right Hon. John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, OM., FRS. (1842 - 1919) 26 Juni 1902
5. Right Hon. William, Lord Kelvin, OM., GCVO., FRS. (1824 - 1907) 26 Juni 1902
6. Right Hon. Joseph, Lord Lister, OM., FRS. (1827 - 1912) 26 Juni 1902
7. Admiral of the Fleet Right Hon. Sir Henry Keppel, GCB., OM. (1809 - 1904) 26 Juni 1902
8. Right Hon. John, Viscount Morley of Blackburn, OM., FBA. (1838 - 1923) 26 Juni 1902
9. Right Hon. William Edward Hartpole Lecky, OM., FBA. (1838 - 1903) 26 Juni 1902
10. Admiral of the Fleet Right Hon. Sir Edward Hobart Seymour, GCB., OM., GCVO. (1840 - 1929) 26 Juni 1902
11. Sir William Huggins, OM., KCB., FRS. (1824 - 1910) 26 Juni 1902
12. George Frederick Watts, OM., RA. (1817 - 1904) 26 Juni 1902
13. Field Marshal Sir George White, VC., GCB., OM., GCSI., GCMG., GCIE., GCVO. (1835 - 1912) 30 Juni 1905
14. Admiral of the Fleet John Arbuthnot, Lord Fisher, GCB., OM., GCVO. (1841 - 1920) 30 Juni 1905
15. Sir Richard Jebb, OM., FBA. (1841 - 1905) 30 Juni 1905
16. Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, OM., RA. (1836 - 1912) 30 Juni 1905
17. George Meredith, OM. (1828 - 1909) 30 Juni 1905
18. William Holman Hunt, OM. (1827 - 1910) 30 Juni 1905
19. Right Hon. Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, GCB., OM., GCMG., KCSI., CIE., FRS., FBA. (1841 - 1917) 29 Juni 1906
20. Right Hon. James, Viscount Bryce, OM., GCVO., FRS., FBA. (1838 - 1922) 11 Pebruari 1907
21. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, OM., GCSI., CB., FRS. (1817 - 1911) 30 Juni 1907
22. Florence Nightingale, OM., RRC. (1820 - 1910) 29 November 1907
23. Henry Jackson (classicist), OM., FBA. (1839 - 1921) 26 Juni 1908
24. Alfred Russel Wallace, OM., FRS. (1823 - 1913) 26 Juni 1908
25. Sir William Crookes, OM., FRS. (1832 - 1919) 8 Juli 1910
26. Thomas Hardy, OM. (1840 - 1928) 8 Juli 1910
27. Right Hon. Sir George Otto Trevelyan, BT., OM., FBA. (1838 - 1928) 19 Juni 1911
28. Sir Edward Elgar, BT., OM., GCVO. (1857 - 1934) 19 Juni 1911
29. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson, BT., VC., GCB., OM., GCVO. (1842 - 1921) 8 Maret 1912
30. Sir Joseph John Thomson, OM., FRS. (1856 - 1940) 15 Maret 1912
31. Sir Archibald Geikie, OM., KCB., FRS. (1835 - 1924) 1 Januari 1914
32. Field Marshal Right Hon. John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, KP., GCB., OM., GCVO., KCMG. (1852 - 1925) 3 Desember 1914
33. Right Hon. Richard Burdon Sanderson Viscount Haldane, KT., OM., FRS. (1856 - 1928) 26 Mei 1915
34. Henry James, OM. (1843 - 1916) 1 Januari 1916
35. Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, GCB., OM., GCVO. (1859 - 1935) 31 Mei 1916
36. Right Hon. Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, KG., OM., FRS., FBA. (1848 - 1930) 3 Juni 1916
37. Admiral of the Fleet Right Hon. David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty , GCB., OM., GCVO., DSO. (1871 - 1936) 3 Juni 1919
38. Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, KT., GCB., OM., GCVO., KCIE. (1861 - 1928) 3 Juni 1919
39. Right Hon. David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd-George, OM. (1863 - 1945) 5 Agustus 1919
40. Sir James Matthew Barrie, BT., OM. (1860 - 1937) 2 Januari 1922
41. Francis Herbert Bradley, OM., FBA. (1846 - 1924) 3 Juni 1924
42. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, OM., GBE., FRS. (1857 - 1952) 3 Juni 1924
43. Sir James George Frazer, OM., FRS., FBA. (1854 - 1941) 1 Januari 1925
44. Ernest, Lord Rutherford of Nelson, OM., FRS. (1871 - 1937) 1 Januari 1925
45. Hon. Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, OM., KCB., FRS. (1854 - 1931) 3 Juni 1927
46. Sir George Abraham Grierson, OM., KCIE., FBA. (1851 - 1941) 4 Juni 1928
47. Robert Seymour Bridges, OM. (1844 - 1930) 3 Juni 1929
48. John Galsworthy, OM. (1867 - 1933) 3 Juni 1929
49. Samuel Alexander, OM., FBA. (1859 - 1938) 3 Juni 1930
50. Montague Rhodes James, OM., FBA. (1862 - 1936) 3 Juni 1930
51. George Macaulay Trevelyan, OM., CBE., FRS., FBA. (1876 - 1962) 3 Juni 1930
52. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Edward Madden, 1st Baronet, BT., GCB., OM, GCVO., KCMG. (1862 - 1935) 1 Januari 1931
53. Philip Wilson Steer, OM. (1860 - 1942) 1 Januari 1931
54. Sir William Henry Bragg, OM., KBE., FRS. (1862 - 1942) 3 Juni 1931
55. John William Mackail, OM., FBA. (1859 - 1945) 1 Januari 1935
56. John Edward Masefield, OM. (1878 - 1967) 3 Juni 1935
57. Ralph Vaughan Williams, OM. (1872 - 1958) 3 Juni 1935
58. Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, OM., FRS. (1861 - 1947) 3 Juni 1935
59. Field Marshal Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode, GCB., OM., GCSI., KCMG., DSO. (1869 - 1950) 1 Januari 1936
60. Right Hon. Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher, OM., FRS., FBA. (1865 - 1940) 1 Pebruari 1937
61. Lieutenant General Robert Stephenson Smyth, Lord Baden Powell, BT., OM., GCMG., GCVO., KCB. (1857 - 1941) 11 Mei 1937
62. Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, OM., FRS. (1882 - 1944) 9 Juni 1938
63. Admiral of the Fleet Right Hon. Albert Montacute, Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield, GCB., OM., KCMG., CVO. (1873 - 1967) 2 Januari 1939
64. Sir James Jeans, OM., FRS. (1877 - 1946) 2 Januari 1939
65. Marshal of the Royal Air Force Cyril Newall, 1st Baron Newall, GCB., OM., GCMG., CBE., AM. (1886 - 1963) 29 Oktober 1940
66. George Gilbert Aimé Murray, OM., FBA. (1866 - 1957) 1 Januari 1941
67. Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM., KCIE., RA. (1869 - 1944) 1 Januari 1942
68. Augustus Edwin John, OM., RA. (1878 - 1961) 11 Juni 1942
69. Edgar Adrian, Lord Adrian, OM., FRS. (1889 - 1977) 11 Juni 1942
70. Sir William Searle Holdsworth, OM., KC., FBA (1871 - 1944) 1 Januari 1943
71. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pound, GCB., OM., GCVO. (1877 - 1943) 3 September 1943
72. Right Hon. Sidney James Webb, Lord Passfield, OM. (1859 - 1947) 8 Juni 1944
73. Sir Henry Hallett Dale, OM., GBE., FRS. (1875 - 1968) 8 Juni 1944
74. Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, OM., RA. (1880 - 1960) 8 Juni 1944
75. Alfred North Whitehead, OM., FRS., FBA. (1861 - 1947) 1 Januari 1945
76. Right Hon. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, KG., OM., CH., FRS., FBA. (1874 - 1965) 1 Januari 1946
77. Marshal of the R.A.F. Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford, KG., GCB., OM., DSO., MC. (1893 - 1971) 1 Januari 1946
78. Field Marshal Alan Francis, Viscount Alanbrooke, KG., GCB., OM., GCVO., DSO. (1883 - 1963) 13 Juni 1946
79. Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, KT., GCB., OM., DSO. (1883 - 1963) 13 Juni 1946
80. Right Hon. E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, KG., OM., GCSI., GCMG., GCIE. (1881 - 1959) 13 Juni 1946
81. Field Marshal Right Hon. Jan Christian Smuts, OM., CH., FRS. (1870 - 1950) 1 Januari 1947
82. Right Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King, OM., CMG. 17 November 1947
83. Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM. (1888 - 1965) 1 Januari 1948
84. Sir Robert Robinson, OM., FRS. (1886 - 1975) 9 Juni 1949
85. Bertrand Russell, Earl Russell, OM., FRS., FBA. (1872 - 1970) 9 Juni 1949
86. Right Hon. Sir Alexander Cadogan, OM., GCMG., KCB. (1884 - 1968) 1 Januari 1951
87. Marshal of the Royal Air Force Hugh Trenchard, Viscount Trenchard, GCB., OM., GCVO., DSO. (1873 - 1956) 1 Januari 1951
88. George Edward Moore, OM., FBA. (1873 - 1958) 7 Juni 1951
89. Right Hon. Clement Attlee, Earl Attlee, KG., OM., CH., FRS. (1883 - 1967) 5 November 1951
90. Wilder Graves Penfield, CC., OM., CMG., FRS. (1891 - 1976) 1 Januari 1953
91. Walter John De La Mare, OM., CH. (1873 - 1956) 1 Juni 1953
92. Right Hon. William Hailey, Lord Hailey, OM., GCSI., GCMG., GCIE. (1872 - 1969) 31 Mei 1956
93. Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, OM., KCB., CBE., FRS. (1897 - 1967) 1 Januari 1957
94. Right Hon. John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley, GCB., OM., GCSI., GCIE., FRS. (1882 - 1958) 8 Desember 1957
95. Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, OM., AK., KBE., FRS. (1899 - 1985) 12 Juni 1958
96. Right Hon.Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel, GCB., OM., GBE. (1870 - 1963) 21 November 1958
97. Field Marshal Right Hon. Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, KG., GCB., OM., GCMG., CSI., DSO., MC. (1891 - 1969) 23 April 1960
98. Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, OM., FRS. (1897 - 1967) 23 April 1960
99. Graham Vivian Sutherland, OM. (1903 - 1980) 23 April 1960
100. Sir Geoffrey De Havilland, OM., CBE., AFC. (1882 - 1965) 23 November 1962
101. Sir Basil Urwin Spence, OM., OBE., RA. (1907 - 1976) 23 November 1962
102. Right Hon. Sir Owen Dixon, OM., GCMG., FBA. (1886 - 1972) 29 Mei 1963
103. George Peabody Gooch, OM., CH., FBA. (1873 - 1968) 16 Agustus 1963
104. Henry Moore, OM., CH., FBA. (1898 - 1986) 16 Agustus 1963
105. Edward Benjamin Britten, Lord Britten, OM., CH. (1913 - 1976) 23 Maret 1965
106. Dorothy Mary Hodgkin, OM., FRS. (1910 - 1994) 23 Maret 1965
107. Admiral of the Fleet Right Hon. Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, Lord Mountbatten of Burma, KG., GCB., OM., GCSI., GCIE., GCVO., DSO., FRS. (1900 - 1979) 15 Juli 1965
108. Howard Florey, Lord Florey, OM., FRS. (1898 - 1968) 15 Juli 1965
109. Patrick Blackett, Lord Blackett, OM., CH., FRS. (1897 - 1974) 20 November 1967
110. Sir William Turner Walton, OM. (1902 - 1983) 20 November 1967
111. Ben Nicholson, OM. (1894 - 1982) 23 April 1968
112. Solly, Lord Zuckerman, OM., KCB., FRS. (1904 - 1993) 23 April 1968
113. The Duke of Edinburgh, KG., KT., OM., GBE., AC., QSO., FRS. (b. 1921) 10 Juni 1968
114. Edward Morgan Forster, OM., CH. (1879 - 1970) 1 Januari 1969
115. Right Hon. Malcolm John MacDonald, OM. (1901 - 1981) 14 Juli 1969
116. William George Penney, Lord Penney, OM., KBE., FRS. (1909 - 1991) 14 Juli 1969
117. Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, OM., FRS. (1886 - 1975) 14 Juli 1969
118. Dame Cicely Veronica Wedgwood, OM., DBE., FBA. (1910 - 1997) 14 Juli 1969
119. John Cawte Beaglehole, OM., CMG. (1901 - 1971) 21 Maret 1970
120. Right Hon. Lester Bowles Pearson, CC., OM., OBE. (1897 - 1972) 20 Mei 1971
121. Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM., CBE., FBA. (1909 - 1997) 20 Mei 1971
122. Sir George Edwards, OM., CBE., FRS. (1908 - 2003) 20 Mei 1971
123. Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM., KBE., FRS. (1914 - 1998) 17 April 1973
124. Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM., FRS. (1902 - 1984) 17 April 1973
125. Right Hon. Harold Macmillan, Earl of Stockton, OM., FRS. (1894 - 1986) 2 April 1976
126. Christopher Hinton, Lord Hinton of Bankside, OM., KBE., FRS. (1901 - 1983) 2 April 1976
127. Kenneth Clark, Lord Clark, OM., CH., KCB., FBA. (1903 - 1983) 2 April 1976
128. Sir Ronald Syme, OM., FBA. (1903 - 1989) 2 April 1976
129. Alexander Robertus, Lord Todd, OM., FRS. (1907 - 1997) 24 Oktober 1977
130. Right Hon. Oliver Shewell, Lord Franks, OM., GCMG., KCB., KCVO., CBE., FBA. (1905 - 1992) 24 Oktober 1977
131. Sir Frederick Ashton, OM., CH., CBE. (1904 - 1988) 24 Oktober 1977
132. J B Priestley, OM. (1894 - 1984) 24 Oktober 1977
133. Laurence Kerr, Lord Olivier, OM. (1907 - 1989) 6 Pebruari 1981
134. Sir Peter Brian Medawar, OM., CH., CBE., FRS., FBA. (1915 - 1987) 6 Pebruari 1981
135. Group Captain Geoffrey Leonard Cheshire, Lord Cheshire, VC., OM., DSO., DFC. (1917 - 1992) 6 Pebruari 1981
136. Reverend William Owen Chadwick, OM., KBE., FBA. (b. 1916) 11 November 1983
137. Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley, OM., FRS. (b. 1917) 11 November 1983
138. Sir Sidney Robert Nolan, OM., AC., CBE., ARA. (1917 - 1992) 11 November 1983
139. Sir Michael Tippett, OM., CH., CBE. (1905 - 1998) 11 November 1983
140. Henry Graham Greene, OM., CH. (1904 - 1991) 11 Pebruari 1986
141. Frederick Sanger, OM., CH., CBE., FRS. (b. 1918) 11 Pebruari 1986
142. Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM., KBE., CB., FRS. (1907 - 1996) 11 Pebruari 1986
143. Yehudi, Lord Menuhin, OM., KBE. (1916 - 1999) 25 Pebruari 1987
144. Sir Ernst Gombrich, OM., CBE., FBA. (1909 - 2001) 15 Pebruari 1988
145. Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM., CH., CBE., FRS. (1914 - 2002) 15 Pebruari 1988
146. Dame Cicely Saunders, OM., DBE. (1918 - 2005) 30 November 1989
147. George Porter, Lord Porter of Luddenham, OM., FRS. (1920 - 2002) 30 November 1989
148. Right Hon. Margaret Thatcher, Lady Thatcher of Kesteven, OM., FRS. (b. 1925) 7 Desember 1990
149. Dame Joan Sutherland, OM., AC., DBE. (b. 1926) 27 November 1991
150. Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM., FRS. (1916 - 2004) 27 November 1991
151. Dame Ninette de Valois, OM., CH., DBE. (1898 - 2001) 17 November 1992
152. Sir Michael Francis Atiyah, OM., PRS. (b. 1929) 17 November 1992
153. Lucian Freud, OM., CH. (b. 1922) 6 Desember 1993
154. Right Hon. Roy Harris, Lord Jenkins of Hillhead, OM., FBA. (1920 - 2003) 6 Desember 1993
155. Sir Aaron Klug, OM., FRS. (b. 1926) 23 Oktober, 1995
156. Sir John Gielgud, OM., CH. (1904 - 2000) 9 Desember, 1996
157. Alfred Thompson, The Lord Denning, OM. (1899 - 1999) 25 November, 1997]]
158. Norman Robert, The Lord Foster of Thamesbank, OM., RA. (b. 1935) 25 November, 1997
159. Sir Denis Rooke, OM., CBE., FRS., FEng. (1924 - 2008) 25 November, 1997
160. Edward James Ted Hughes, OM., OBE. (1930 - 1998) 10 Agustus, 1998
161. His Eminence Cardinal George Basil Hume, OM., OSB. Archbishop of Westminster (1923 - 1999) 25 Mei, 1999
162. Sir James Whyte Black, OM., FRCP., FRS. (b. 1924) 9 Mei, 2000
163. Sir Anthony Caro, OM., CBE. (b. 1924) 9 Mei, 2000
164. Sir Roger Penrose, OM., FRS. (b. 1931) 9 Mei, 2000
165. Sir Tom Stoppard, OM., CBE., FRSL. (b. 1937) 9 Mei, 2000
166. The Prince of Wales , K.G., K.T., G.C.B., O.M., A.K., Q.S.O., A.D.C. (b. 1948) 27 Juni, 2002
167. Lord May of Oxford, OM. (b. 1936) 28 Oktober, 2002
168. Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild OM., GBE., GM., FRS. (b. 1936) 28 Oktober, 2002
Referensi
- Martin, Stanley (2007). The Order of Merit. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-848-7.
Pranala luar
- Sebuah sejarah dari Order of Merit [A history of the Order of Merit];