Boeing 737 Classic adalah nama yang diberikan kepada seri -300/-400/-500 dari Boeing 737 mengikuti perkenalan dari seri -600/-700/-800/-900. Mereka adalah short- to medium- range, narrow-body aircraft jet airliner yang diproduksi oleh Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Seri klasik diperkenalkan sebagai 'Generasi baru' dari 737.[2] Diproduksi dari 1984 sampai 2000, 1,988 pesawat telah dikirim.

Boeing 737 Classic
TipeAirliner
Terbang perdanaFebruary 24, 1984
StatusOut of production, in service
Tahun produksi1981–2000[1]
Jumlah produksi1,998[1]
Acuan dasarBoeing 737
VarianBoeing 737 Next Generation

Pengembangan dan desain

Mengikuti sukses dari Boeing 737-200, Boeing menginginkan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan Jarak jangkau, menggabungkan perbaikan untuk meng-upgrade pesawat itu kepada spesifikasi modern, yang juga mempertahankan kesamaan dengan varian 737 terdahulu. Pengembangan dimulai pada 1979, dan pada 1980 spesifikasi pesawat awal dirilis pada Farnborough Airshow.[3] Pada bulan Maret 1981, USAir dan Southwest Airlines memesan masing-masing 10 pesawat, dengan opsi 20.

 
Transaero 737-400 in planform view at takeoff

Seri terbaru menampilkan mesin CFM International CFM56 turbofan, menghasilkan keuntungan yang signifikan dalam efisiensi bahan bakar dan pengurangan dalam kebisingan, tetapi juga berpose sebuah tantangan teknik yang diberikan kepada jarak dari tanah dari 737. Boeing dan pemasok mesin CFMI menyelesaikan masalah itu dengan menempatkan mesinnya di depan (bukan di bawah) sayap, dan dengan memindahkan aksesoris mesin ke depan (bukan di belakang) dari pod mesin, memberi 737 sebuah yang khas yaitu udara masuk yang tidak melingkar.[4]

Sayapnya dimasukkan sejumlah perubahan untuk perbaikan aerodinamika. Ujung sayap diperpanjang 9 inci (23 cm). Slot terdepan dan Sirip sayap telah disesuaikan.[4] Dek penerbangan ditingkatkan dengan pilihan EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrumentation System), dan kabin penumpang incorporated improvements similar to those on the Boeing 757.

Variants

737-300

 
An Air Malta Boeing 737-300

The prototype of the -300 rolled out of the Renton plant on January 17, 1984, and first flew on 24 February 1984.[5] After it received its flight certification on November 14, 1984, USAir received the first aircraft on 28 November.[1] A very popular aircraft, Boeing received 252 orders for it in 1985, and over 1000 throughout its production.[6] The 300 series remained in production until 1999 when the last aircraft was delivered to Air New Zealand on 17 December 1999, registration ZK-NGJ.

In December 2008, Southwest Airlines selected Boeing to retrofit the 737-300 with a new set of instruments, hardware and software, in order to improve commonality with the 737-700, as well as to support the Required Navigation Performance initiative.[7]

The 737-300 can be retrofitted with Aviation Partners Inc. Boeing winglets. The 737-300 retrofitted with winglets is designated the -300SP (Special Performance). Used passenger -300 aircraft have also been converted to freighter versions. The 737-300 is now replaced by the 737-700 in the Boeing 737 Next Generation family.

737-400

 
A 737-400 of the now defunct Centralwings airline

The 737-400 design was launched in 1985 to fill the gap between the 737-300 and the 757-200, and competed with the Airbus A320 and McDonnell Douglas MD-80. It stretched the 737-300 another 10 ft (3.45 m) to carry up to 168 passengers. It included a tail bumper to prevent tailscrapes during take-off (an early issue with the 757), and a strengthened wing spar.[8] The prototype rolled out on January 26, 1988, and flew for the first time on 19 February 1988.

The aircraft entered service on September 15, 1988, with launch customer Piedmont Airlines (25 aircraft ordered).[1]

The 737-400F was not a model delivered by Boeing but a converted 737-400 to an all cargo aircraft. Alaska Airlines was the first to convert one of their 400s from regular service to an aircraft with the ability to handle 10 pallets.[9] The airline has also converted five more into fixed combi aircraft for half passenger and freight. These 737-400 Combi aircraft are now in service.[10] The 737-400 is now replaced by the 737-800 in the Boeing 737 Next Generation family.

737-500

The -500 series was offered, due to customer demand, as a modern and direct replacement of the 737-200, incorporating the improvements of the 737 Classic series in a model that allowed longer routes with fewer passengers to be more economical than with the 737-300. The fuselage length of the -500 is 1 ft 7 in (47 cm) longer than the 737-200, accommodating up to 132 passengers. Both glass and older style mechanical cockpits arrangements were available.[11] Using the CFM56-3 engine also gave a 25% increase in fuel efficiency over the older -200s P&W engines.[11]

 
LOT Polish Airlines 737-500

The 737-500 was launched in 1987, by Southwest Airlines, with an order for 20 aircraft,[12] and flew for the first time on 30 June 1989.[11] A single prototype flew 375 hours for the certification process,[11] and on February 28, 1990 Southwest Airlines received the first delivery.[1] The 737-500 has become a favorite of some Russian airlines, with Nordavia, Rossiya Airlines, S7 Airlines, Sky Express, Transaero, and Yamal Airlines all buying second-hand models of the aircraft to replace aging Soviet-built aircraft and/or expand their fleets. Aerolíneas Argentinas is replacing its 737-200s with second-hand 737-500s. The 737-500 is now replaced by the 737-600 in the Boeing 737 Next Generation family. However, unlike the 737-500, the 737-600 has been a slow seller for Boeing since its introduction, with only 69 aircraft delivered.

Operators

 
A British Midland Boeing 737-300 at Dublin Airport in 1994.
 
Cockpit of a 737-300
 
All-economy cabin interior of a 737-300 previously operated by Norwegian Air Shuttle

Civilian

As of July 2010, 1,651 Boeing 737 Classic aircraft were in commercial service. This includes 879 -300s, 419 -400s, and 353 -500s.[13]

Military

Many countries operate the 737 passenger and cargo variants in government or military applications.

Deliveries

Type Total 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984
B737-300 1113 29 52 65 37 52 54 54 57 69 67 89 141 137 120 83 7
B737-400 486 2 9 33 33 21 13 32 68 82 56 63 57 17
B737-500 389 4 31 34 18 24 35 30 79 90 44
Total 1988 2 42 116 132 76 89 121 152 218 215 174 146 158 137 120 83 7

Accidents and incidents

The Boeing 737 Classic were involved in 26 Hull-loss Accidents with a total of 1,040 fatalities as of January 2010.[15] Notable accidents and incidents involving the 737 Classics (-300/-400/-500) include:

 
Adam Air Penerbangan 172, showing the collapsed rear fuselage.

Specifications

Measurement 737-300[3][27] 737-400 737-500
Cockpit crew Two
Seating capacity[28] 149 (1-class, dense)
140 (1-class, typical)
128 (2-class, typical)
168 (1-class, dense)
159 (1-class, typical)
146 (2-class, typical)
132 (1-class, dense)
122 (1-class, typical)
108 (2-class, typical)
Seat pitch 30 in (76 cm) (1-class, dense)
32 in (81 cm) (1-class, typical)
36 in (91 cm) & 32 in (81 cm) (2-class, typical)
Seat width 17.2" (1-class, 6 abreast seating)
Overall length 33.4 m
(109 ft 7 in)
36.5 m
(119 ft 6 in)
31.1 m
(101 ft 8 in)
Wingspan 28.88 m
(94 ft 8 in)
28.9 m
(94 ft 9 in)
Overall height 11.13 m
(36 ft 6 in)
11.1 m
(36 ft 5 in)
Wing sweepback 25°
Aspect ratio 9.11 9.16
Fuselage width 3.76 m (12 ft 4 in)
Fuselage height 4.11 m (13' 6")
Cabin width 3.54 m (11 ft 7 in)
Cabin height 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in)
Operating empty weight, typical 32,700 kg
(72,100 lb)
33,200 kg
(73,040 lb)
31,300 kg
(68,860 lb)
Maximum Takeoff Weight 62,820 kg
(138,500 lb)
68,050 kg
(149,710 lb)
60,550 kg
(133,210 lb)
Maximum landing weight 51,700 kg
(114,000 lb)
56,200 kg
(124,000 lb)
50,000 kg
(110,000 lb)
Maximum zero-fuel weight 48,410 kg
(106,500 lb)
53,100 kg
(117,000 lb)
46,700 kg
(103,000 lb)
Cargo capacity 23.3 m³
(822 ft³)
38.9 m³
(1,373 ft³)
23.3 m³
(822 ft³)
Takeoff field length (MTOW, SL, ISA) 2,300 m (7,546 ft) 2,540 m (8,483 ft) 2,470 m (8,249 ft)
Service ceiling 37,000 ft
Cruising speed (Mach) 0.74 0.74
Maximum speed (Mach) 0.82
Range fully loaded 4,204 km (2,270 NM) 4,204 km (2,270 NM) 4,444 km (2,402 NM)
Maximum fuel capacity 23,170 L
6,130 USG
23,800 L
6,296 USG
23,800 L
6,296 USG
Engine manufacturer CFM International
Engine type (x2) CFM56-3B-1 CFM56-3B-2 CFM56-3B-1
Takeoff thrust 90 kN (20,000 lbf) 98 kN (22,000 lbf) 90 kN (20,000 lbf)
Cruising thrust 21,810 N (4,902 lbf) 21,900 N (4,930 lbf) 21,810 N (4,902 lbf)
Fan tip diameter 1.52 m (60 in) 1.52 m (60 in)
Engine bypass ratio 5.0:1 4.9:1 5.0:1
Engine length 2.36 m (93 in)
Engine weight (dry) 1,950 kg (4,301 lb)
Engine ground clearance 46 cm (18 in)

Sources: Boeing[29][30]

See also

Pengembangan yang berhubungan
Pesawat sebanding dalam peran, konfigurasi, dan era

Daftar terkait

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e Endres, 2001, p.129.
  2. ^ Shaw, 1999, pg. 7.
  3. ^ a b Endres, 2001, p.126.
  4. ^ a b Endres, 2001, p.128.
  5. ^ Shaw, 1999, pg.10.
  6. ^ Shaw, 1999, pg.7
  7. ^ "Boeing Press Release, December 22, 2008". Boeing.com. 2008-12-22. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  8. ^ Shaw, 1999, pg. 13.
  9. ^ "Boeing 737-400 Freighter". Aircraft Information. Alaska Airlines. Diakses tanggal 2011-06-29. 
  10. ^ "Boeing 737-400 Combi (73Q)". Aircraft Information. Alaska Airlines. Diakses tanggal 29 June 2011. 
  11. ^ a b c d Shaw, 1999, pg 14.
  12. ^ Shaw, 1999, pg 40.
  13. ^ "World Airliner Census". Flight International, pp. 26–49. August 24–30, 2010.
  14. ^ "Orders and Deliveries search page". Boeing. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2011. 
  15. ^ "JACDEC's Airliner Safety Statistics: Aircraft". JACDEC. 2007-05-17. 
  16. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-524 N20643 Guadalajara-Miguel Hidal Airport (GDL)". Aviation-safety.net. 1998-09-16. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  17. ^ "Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 03032001". Airdisaster.com. 2001-03-03. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  18. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-4D7 HS-TDC Bangkok International Airport (BKK)". Aviation-safety.net. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  19. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-566 SU-GBI Tunis-Carthage Airport (TUN)". Aviation-safety.net. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  20. ^ "Боинг-737-500 VP-BKO 14.09.2008." Interstate Aviation Committee. Retrieved on 19 February 2009.
  21. ^ "737 Bursts into Flames, All Survive". NPR. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-21. 
  22. ^ "Recent accidents / incidents worldwide". JACDEC. Diakses tanggal 17 January 2010. 
  23. ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Merpati B733 at Manokwari on Apr 13th 2010, overran runway and broke up in river". Aviation Herald. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2010. 
  24. ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Lion Air B734 at Pontianak on Nov 2nd 2010, overran runway on landing". Aviation Herald. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2010. 
  25. ^ "Six-foot hole opens in 737 during Penerbangan". King5 News. Diakses tanggal April 2, 2011. 
  26. ^ "Engineer sucked into engine aftermath". Live Journal. Diakses tanggal January 27, 2012. 
  27. ^ shaw, 1999, p 20.
  28. ^ "Boeing 737 Description" (PDF). Boeing. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  29. ^ "Commercial Airplanes - 737 - Technical Information". Boeing. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
  30. ^ "Commercial Airplanes - 737 737 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning". Boeing. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-20. 
Bibliography