Daftar organisme menurut jumlah kromosom
Daftar organisme berikut disusun berdasarkan jumlah kromosom dalam sel berbagai tumbuhan, binatang, protista, dan makhluk hidup lain, termasuk manusia. Diberikan dalam jumlah diploid (2n). Ini bukan daftar lengkap, melainkan sebagai perbandingan antara jenis-jenis makhluk.
| Organisme | Nama ilmiah | Jumlah diploid kromosom (2n = x) | Catatan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciliated Protozoa | Oxytricha trifallax | 15600 [1] | ||
| Adders-tongue | Ophioglossum reticulatum | 1260 [2] | Jenis tumbuhan paku ini dikenal mempunyai jumlah kromosom tertinggi di antara semua bentuk kehidupan. Jumlah yang diberikan di sini adalah yang terbanyak, menunjukkan banyak varian. | |
| Agrodiaetus (kupu-kupu) | Agrodiaetus shahrami | 268 [3] | Serangga ini mempunyai kromosom terbanyak di antara semua binatang. | |
| Field Horsetail | Equisetum arvense | 216 | ||
| Rattlesnake fern | Botrypus virginianus | 184[4] | ||
| Northern Lamprey | Petromyzontinae | 174[1] | ||
| Carp | 104 | |||
| Red viscacha rat | Tympanoctomys barrerae | 102 [5] | Highest number known in mammals, formerly thought to be a tetraploid.[6] | |
| Kamraj (fern) | Helminthostachys zeylanica | 94 | ||
| Aquatic Rat | Anotomys leander | 92[7] | Dahulu dikira jumlah kromosom tertinggi di antara mamalia, sama dengan Ichthyomys pittieri. | |
| Udang | Penaeus semisulcatus | 86–92 [8] | ||
| Tikus pemakan kepiting (roden semiakuatik) | Ichthyomys pittieri | 92[7] | Dahulu dikira jumlah kromosom tertinggi di antara mamalia, sama dengan Anotomys leander. | |
| Grape fern | Sceptridium | 90 | ||
| Landak susu genus Atelerix (landak Afrika) | 90 | |||
| Moonworts | Botrychium | 90 | ||
| Landak susu genus Erinaceus (landak Woodland) | 88 | |||
| Nagaho-no-natsu-no-hana-warabi | Botrypus strictus | 88 | B. strictus dan B. virginianus ditunjukkan sebagai paraphyletic dalam genus Botrypus | |
| Burung merpati (pigeon) | 80 | |||
| Kalkun | 80[9] | |||
| African Wild Dog | Lycaon pictus | 78[10] | ||
| Ayam | Gallus gallus domesticus | 78 | ||
| Koyote | Canis latrans | 78[10] | ||
| Dhole | Cuon alpinus | 78 | ||
| Dingo | Canis lupus dingo | 78[10] | ||
| Anjing | Canis lupus familiaris | 78[11] | 76 autosomal dan 2 seksual.[12] | |
| Burung merpati (dove) | 78[13] | Berdasarkan burung merpati African collared | ||
| Golden Jackal | Canis aureus | 78[10] | ||
| Serigala | Canis lupus | 78 | ||
| Maned Wolf | Chrysocyon brachyurus | 76 | ||
| Beruang hitam Amerika | Ursus americanus | 74 | ||
| Beruang hitam Asia | Ursus thibetanus | 74 | ||
| Beruang cokelat | Ursus arctos | 74 | ||
| Beruang kutub | Ursus maritimus | 74 | ||
| Sloth | Melursus ursinus | 74 | ||
| Beruang madu | Helarctos malayanus | 74 | ||
| Musang bat-eared | Otocyon megalotis | 72[10] | ||
| Black nightshade | Solanum nigrum | 72[14] | ||
| Rusa berekor putih | Odocoileus virginianus | 70 | ||
| Elk (Wapiti) | Cervus canadensis | 68 | ||
| Rusa merah | Cervus elaphus | 68 | ||
| Gray Fox | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | 66[10] | ||
| Anjing rakun | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 66 | Some variation in the number of chromosomes between individuals [15] | |
| Chinchilla | Chinchilla lanigera | 64 [16] | ||
| Echidna | 63/64 | 63 (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5, jantan) dan 64 (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5, betina)[17] | ||
| Fennec Fox | Vulpes zerda | 64[10] | ||
| Kuda | Equus ferus caballus | 64 | ||
| Spotted Skunk | Spilogale x | 64 | ||
| Bagal | 63 | semi-infertile | ||
| Keledai | Equus africanus asinus | 62 | ||
| Jerapah | Giraffa camelopardalis | 62 | ||
| Gypsy moth | 62 | |||
| Bengal Fox | Vulpes bengalensis | 60 | ||
| Bison amerika | Bison bison | 60 | ||
| Sapi | Bos primigenius | 60 | ||
| Kambing | 60 | |||
| Woolly Mammoth | Mammuthus primigenius | 58 | punah; jaringan dari karkas beku | |
| Gajah | 56 | |||
| Kera Capuchin | Cebus x | 54[18] | ||
| Hyrax | Hyracoidea | 54[19] | Hyraxes are considered to be the closest living relative to the Elephant.[20] | |
| Domba | 54 | |||
| Ngengat sutra | Bombyx mori | 54 | ||
| Kapas | Gossypium hirsutum | 52[21] | 2n=4x; Cultivated upland cotton is derived from an allotetraploid | |
| Platipus | Ornithorhynchus anatinus | 52 [22] | Ten sex chromosomes. | |
| Spectacled Bear | Tremarctos ornatus | 52 | ||
| Kit Fox | 50 | |||
| Nanas | Ananas comosus | 50[21] | ||
| Striped skunk | Mephitis mephitis | 50 | ||
| Zebrafish | Danio rerio | 50[23] | ||
| Beaver (Eurasian) | Castor fiber | 48 | ||
| Simpanse | Pan troglodytes | 48[24] | ||
| Deer Mouse | Peromyscus maniculatus | 48 | ||
| Gorila | 48 | |||
| Terwelu[25][26] | 48 | |||
| Orang utan | Pongo x | 48 | ||
| Kentang | Solanum tuberosum | 48[21] | This is a tetraploid; wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.[21] | |
| Tembakau | Nicotiana tabacum | 48[21] | Cultivated species is a tetraploid.[21] | |
| Manusia | Homo sapiens | 46[27] | 44 autosomal and 2 sex | |
| Reeves's Muntjac | Muntiacus reevesi | 46 | ||
| Sable Antelope | Hippotragus niger | 46 | ||
| Lumba-lumba | Delphinidae Delphis | 44 | ||
| Eurasian Badger | Meles meles | 44 | ||
| Kelinci | 44 | |||
| Fossa | Cryptoprocta ferox | 42 | ||
| Panda raksasa | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | 42 | ||
| Haver | Avena sativa | 42[21] | This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.[21] | |
| Anjing rakun | Nyctereutes viverrinus | 42 | sejumlah sumber mengatakan sub-spesies berbeda dengan 38, 54, dan bahkan 56 kromosom | |
| Rat | 42 | |||
| Kera Rhesus | 42[28] | |||
| Gandum | Triticum aestivum | 42[21] | This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.[21] | |
| Wolverine | Gulo gulo | 42 | ||
| Beaver (American) | Castor canadensis | 40 | ||
| European Polecat | Mustela putorius | 40 | ||
| Ferret | Mustela putorius furo | 40 | ||
| Hyena | 40 | |||
| Mangga | Mangifera indica | 40[21] | ||
| Tikus | Mus musculus | 40[29] | ||
| American Marten | Martes americana | 38 | ||
| Beech Marten | Martes foina | 38 | ||
| Kucing | Felis catus | 38 | ||
| Coatimundi | 38 | |||
| European Mink | Mustela lutreola | 38 | ||
| Fisher (animal) | 38 | a type of marten | ||
| Singa | Panthera leo | 38 | ||
| Oriental Small-clawed Otter | Aonyx cinerea | 38 | ||
| Babi | 38 | |||
| Pine Marten | Martes martes | 38 | ||
| Rakun | Procyon lotor | 38[30] | ||
| Sable | Martes zibellina | 38 | ||
| Sea Otter | 38 | |||
| Tanuki/Raccoon Dog | Nyctereutes procyonoides albus | 38 | ||
| Harimau | Panthera tigris | 38 | ||
| Cacing tanah | Lumbricus terrestris | 36 | ||
| Long-nosed Cusimanse (a type of mongoose) | 36 | |||
| Meerkat | Suricata suricatta | 36 | ||
| Red Panda | 36 | |||
| Bintang laut | 36 | |||
| Tibetan sand fox | Vulpes ferrilata | 36 | ||
| Yellow Mongoose | Cynictis penicillata | 36 | ||
| Porcupine | Erethizon dorsatum | 34 [16] | ||
| Red Fox | Vulpes vulpes | 34[10] | Plus 3-5 microsomes. | |
| Alfalfa | Medicago sativa | 32[21] | Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.[21] | |
| American Badger | Taxidea taxus | 32 | ||
| European honey bee | Apis mellifera | 32 | 32 untuk betina, jantan adalah haploid maka hanya punya 16. | |
| Ragi | Saccharomyces cerivisiae | 32 | ||
| American Mink | Neovison vison | 30 | ||
| Pill millipede | Arthrosphaera magna attems | 30 | [31] | |
| Bittersweet nightshade | Solanum dulcamara | 24[32][33] | ||
| Husk Tomato | Physalis pubescens | 24[34] | ||
| Silverleaf nightshade | Solanum elaeagnifolium | 24[35] | ||
| Beras | Oryza sativa | 24[21] | ||
| Siput | 24 | |||
| Kacang-kacangan | Phaseolus sp. | 22[21] | Semua spesies dalam genus ini mempunyai jumlah kromosom yanbg sama, termasuk P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolis, dan P. lunatus.[21] | |
| Virginia Opossum | Didelphis virginiana | 22[36] | ||
| Cannabis | Cannabis sativa | 20 | ||
| Jagung | Zea mays | 20[21] | ||
| Kubis | Brassica oleracea | 18[21] | Broccoli, kubis, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, dan cauliflower semuanya adalah spesies yang sama dan mempunyai jumlah kromosom yang sama.[21] | |
| Lobak | Raphanus sativus | 18[21] | ||
| Kanguru | 16 | Ini termasuk beberapa anggota genus Macropus, tetapi tidak termasuk kanguru merah (M. rufus, 40)[37] | ||
| Koala | Phascolarctos cinereus | 16 | ||
| Barley | Hordeum vulgare | 14[21] | ||
| Ercis | Pisum sativum | 14[21] | ||
| Rye | Secale cereale | 14[21] | ||
| Setan Tasmania | Sarcophilus harrisii | 14 | ||
| Jamur lendir | Dictyostelium discoideum | 12 [38] | ||
| Swamp Wallaby | Wallabia bicolor | 10/11 | 11 untuk jantan, 10 untuk betina[39] | |
| Nematoda | Caenorhabditis elegans | 12/11 | 12 untuk hermafrodit, 11 untuk jantan | |
| Thale Cress | Arabidopsis thaliana | 10 | ||
| Lalat buah | Drosophila melanogaster | 8[40] | 6 autosomal, dan 2 seksual | |
| Hawkweed | 8 | |||
| Muntjac India | Muntiacus muntjak | 6/7[41] | female/male | |
| Nyamuk | Aedes aegypti | 6[42] | The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana which has 2n=8.[42] | |
| Spider mite | 4–14[43] | Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploidy (males are haploid, while females are diploid)[43] | ||
| Jack jumper ant | Myrmecia pilosula | 2[44] | 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.[44] |
Lihat pula
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Pranala luar
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- An atlas of the chromosome numbers in animals (1951)
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