Kaisar Etiopia

Kaisar Etiopia
Bekas Kerajaan
	Lambang Kekaisaran
	Haile Selassie I
Penguasa pertama	Menelik I
Penguasa terakhir	Haile Selassie I
Kediaman resmi	Istana Menelik
Penunjuk	Warisan
Pendirian	s. 980 SM
Pembubaran	21 Maret 1975
Penuntut takhta	Zera Yacob Amha Selassie

Kaisar Etiopia (bahasa Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, nəgusä nägäst, "Raja dari Segala Raja") adalah penguasa warisan Kekaisaran Etiopia, sampai pembubaran monarki pada 1975. Kaisarnya adalah kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan, dengan kekuasaan eksekutif, yudisial dan legislatif di negara tersebut. Sebuah artikel National Geographic Magazine menyebut kekaisaran Etiopia merupakan "sebuah monarki konstitusional; pada kenyataannya [kerajaan tersebut merupakan] sebuah autokrasi benevolent".^[2]

Artikel ini mengandung teks Ethiopik. Tanpa dukungan perenderan yang baik, Anda mungkin akan melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain, bukan karakter Ethiopik.

Gelar "nəgusä nägäst", yang sering diterjemahkan secara dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai "Kaisar", berasal dari Mesopotamia kuno, kemudian digunakan oleh Raja Sembrouthes dari Kerajaan Aksum (sekitar 250 M). Namun, seorang peneliti : Yuri Kobishchanov menyebutkan tanggal penggunaan ini pada periode setelah kemenangan Persia atas Romawi pada 296–297. Gelar ini secara resmi dipakai sejak pemerintahan Yekuno Amlak dan seterusnya, dengan demikian pejabat bawahan dan penguasa bagian anak sungai, terutama gubernur dari Gojjam, Welega, provinsi ke arah laut dan daerah Shewa, hanya menerima gelar kehormatan nəgus, sebuah kata untuk "raja."

Permaisuri Kaisar disebut sebagai egetege. Permaisuri Zewditu menggunakan bentuk feminin nəgəstä nägäst ("Ratu Raja") untuk menunjukkan bahwa ia memerintah dengan haknya sendiri, dan tidak menggunakan gelar ətege.

Daftar Kaisar Etiopia

Dinasti Zagwe

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Mara Takla Haymanot				after Gudit queen of the Beta Israel destroy Axum her Zagwe cousin and ally becomes king	Zagwe
Tatadim				Son of Mara Takla Haymanot	Zagwe
Jan Seyum				Son of Mara Takla Haymanot	Zagwe
Germa Seyum				Son of Mara Takla Haymanot	Zagwe
Yemrehana Krestos				Son of Germa Seyum	Zagwe
Kedus Harbe				Son of Jan Seyum	Zagwe
Gebre Mesqel Lalibela		1189	1229	Lalibela established as capital. Son of Jan Seyum	Zagwe
Na'akueto La'ab				Son of Kedus Harbe	Zagwe
Yetbarak				Son of Gebre Mesqel Lalibela	Zagwe
Mairari					Zagwe
Harbai					Zagwe

Solomonic dynasty

Bete Amharan line

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Yekuno Amlak ይኵኖ አምላክ	Died 19 June 1285	10 August 1270	19 June 1285	Yekuno Amlak founds with help of Tekle Haymanot and Shewan troops the Solomonic Dynasty again	Solomonic
Yagbe'u Seyon ይግባ ጽዮን	Died 1294	19 June 1285	1294	Son of Yekuno Amlak	Solomonic
Senfa Ared IV ሰይፈ አርድ ፬ኛ		1294	1295	Son of Yagbe'u Seyon	Solomonic
Hezba Asgad ህዝብ አስገድ		1295	1296	Son of Yagbe'u Seyon	Solomonic
Qedma Asgad ቅድመ አስግድ		1296	1297	Son of Yagbe'u Seyon	Solomonic
Jin Asgad ጅን አሰገድ		1297	1298	Son of Yagbe'u Seyon	Solomonic
Saba Asgad ሳባ አሰገድ		1298	1299	Son of Yagbe'u Seyon	Solomonic
Wedem Arad ወደም አራድ	Died 1314	1299	1314	Brother of Yagbe'u Seyon	Solomonic
Amda Seyon I ዐምደ ፡ ጽዮን	Died 1344	1314	1344	Son of Wedem Arad	Solomonic
Newaya Krestos ንዋየ ክርስቶስ	Died 1372	1344	1372	Son of Amda Seyon I	Solomonic
Newaya Maryam ንዋየ ማርያም	Died 1382	1372	1382	Son of Newaya Krestos	Solomonic
Dawit I ዳዊት	Died 6 October 1413	1382	6 October 1413	Son of Newaya Krestos	Solomonic
Tewodros I ቴዎድሮስ	Died 1414	1413	1414	Son of Dawit I	Solomonic
Yeshaq I ይሥሓቅ	Died 1429	1414	1429	Son of Dawit I	Solomonic
Andreyas አንድሬያስ	Died 1430	1429	1430	Son of Yeshaq I	Solomonic
Takla Maryam ተክለ ማርያም	Died 1433	1430	1433	Son of Yeshaq I	Solomonic
Sarwe Iyasus ሣርወ ኢየሱስ	Died 1433	1433	1433	Son of Takla Maryam	Solomonic
Amda Iyasus ዓምደ ኢየሱስ	Died 1434	1433	1434	Son of Takla Maryam	Solomonic

Shewan line

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Zara Yaqob ዘርአ ያዕቆብ	1399 – 26 August 1468 (aged 69)	19/20 June 1434	26 August 1468	Debre Birhan established as Capital.Son of Dawit I	Solomonic
Baeda Maryam I በእደ ማርያም	1448 – 8 November 1478 (aged 30)	26 August 1468	8 November 1478	Son of Zara Yaqob	Solomonic
Eskender እስክንድር	(1471-07-15)15 Juli 1471 – 7 Mei 1494(1494-05-07) (umur 22)	1478	7 May 1494	Son of Baeda Maryam I	Solomonic
Amda Seyon II ዓምደ ፡ ጽዮን	ca 1487 – 26 October 1494 (aged ca 7)	1494	26 October 1494	Son of Eskender	Solomonic
Na'od ናዖስ	Died 31 July 1508	1494	31 July 1508	Son of Baeda Maryam I	Solomonic
Dawit II ዳዊት	1501 – 2 September 1540 (aged 39)	1508	2 September 1540	Son of Na'od	Solomonic
Gelawdewos ገላውዴዎስ	1521/1522 – 23 March 1559 (aged 38–37)	3 September 1540	23 March 1559	Son of Dawit II	Solomonic
Menas ሜናስ	Died 1 February 1563	1559	1 February 1563	Son of Dawit II	Solomonic
Sarsa Dengel ሠረጸ ድንግል	1550 – 4 October 1597 (aged 47)	1563	4 October 1597	Son of Menas	Solomonic
Yaqob ያዕቆብ	ca 1590 – 10 March 1606	1597 1604	1603 10 March 1606	Son of Sarsa Dengel	Solomonic
Za Dengel ዘድንግል	Died 24 October 1604	1603	24 October 1604	Nephew of Sarsa Dengel	Solomonic

Gondarine-Shewan line

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Susenyos I ሱስንዮስ	1572 – 17 September 1632 (aged 60)	1606	17 September 1632	Gondar established as Capital. Grandson of Dawit II	Solomonic
Fasilides ፋሲልደስ	1603 – 18 October 1667 (aged 64)	1632	18 October 1667	Fasilides palace complex built which would use the emperors as seat as far as Tewodros II. Son of Susenyos I	Solomonic
Yohannes I ዮሐንስ	ca 1640 – 19 July 1682 (aged ca 42)	1667	19 July 1682	Son of Fasilides	Solomonic
Iyasu I Iyasu the Great ኢያሱ	1654 – 13 October 1706 (aged 52)	19 July 1682	13 October 1706	Son of Yohannes I	Solomonic
Yeshaq Iyasu	Died 1685	1685	1685	Claimed to be grandson of Susenyos I	Solomonic
Tekle Haymanot I Tekle Haymanot the Cursed ተክለ ሃይማኖት	(1684-03-28)28 Maret 1684 – 30 Juni 1708(1708-06-30) (umur 24)	27 March 1706	30 June 1708	Son of Iyasu I	Solomonic
Amda Seyon	Died September 1707	September 1707	September 1707		Non-Dynastic
Tewoflos ቴዎፍሎስ	Died 14 October 1711	1 July 1708	14 October 1711	Son of Fasilides	Solomonic
Nebahne Yohannes		1709	July 1710		Non-Dynastic
Yostos ዮስቶስ	Died 1716	14 October 1711	19 February 1716	Grandson of Iyasu I	Solomonic
Dawit III Dawit the Singer ዳዊት	1695 – 18 May 1721 (aged 26)	8 February 1716	18 May 1721	Son of Iyasu I	Solomonic
Bakaffa በካፋ	Died 19 September 1730	18 May 1721	19 September 1730	Son of Iyasu I	Solomonic
Iyasu II ኢያሱ	(1723-10-21)21 Oktober 1723 – 27 Juni 1755(1755-06-27) (umur 31)	19 September 1730	27 June 1755	Son of Bakaffa	Solomonic
Hezqeyas		1736	1737		Solomonic
Iyoas I ኢዮአስ	ca 1740 – 14 May 1769 (aged ca 29)	27 June 1755	7 May 1769	Son of Iyasu II	Solomonic

Zemene Mesafint

Gondarine-Shewan line

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Yohannes II ዮሓንስ	1699 – 18 October 1769 (aged 70)	7 May 1769	18 October 1769	Son of Iyasu I	Solomonic
Tekle Haymanot II ተክለ ሃይማኖት	1754 – 7 September 1777 (aged 23)	18 October 1769 December 1770	August 1770 13 April 1777	Son of Yohannes II	Solomonic
Susenyos II ሱስንዮስ	Died ca 1771	August 1770	December 1770	Possibly the illegitimate son of Iyasu II	Solomonic
Salomon II ሣሎሞን	Died 1782	13 April 1777	20 July 1779	Son of Abeto Adigo	Solomonic
Tekle Giyorgis I ተክለ ጊዮርጊስ	ca 1751 – 12 December 1817 (aged ca 66)	20 July 1779 24 April 1788 January 1794 December 1795 4 January 1798 24 March 1800	8 February 1784 26 July 1789 15 April 1795 20 May 1796 20 May 1799 June 1800	Son of Yohannes II	Solomonic
Iyasu III	Died by 1810	16 February 1784	24 April 1788	Grandson of Iyasu II	Solomonic
Iyasu	Died May 1813	1787	1788	In opposition to Iyasu III	Non-Dynastic
Baeda Maryam		1787	1788	In opposition to Iyasu III	Non-Dynastic
Tekle Haymanot	Died before 1810	February 1788	1789	In opposition to Iyasu III	Non-Dynastic
Hezqeyas	Died 13 September 1813	26 July 1789	January 1794	Son of Iyasu III	Solomonic
Baeda Maryam II	1749 – 1833 (aged 84)	15 April 1795	December 1795	Possibly son of Salomon II	Solomonic
Salomon III		20 May 1796 20 May 1799	15 July 1797 15 July 1799	Son of Tekle Haymanot II	Solomonic
Yonas	Died May 1813	18 August 1797	4 January 1798	Grandson of Fasilides	Solomonic
Demetros	Died 1802	25 July 1799 June 1800	24 March 1800 June 1801	Son of Arqedewos	Non-Dynastic
Egwale Seyon እጓለ ጽዮን	Died 12 June 1818	June 1801	12 June 1818	Son of Hezqeyas	Solomonic
Iyoas II ኢዮአስ	Died 3 June 1821	14 June 1818	3 June 1821	Son of Hezqeyas	Solomonic
Gigar ጊጋር	ca 1745 – 26 November 1832 (aged ca 87)	3 June 1821 April 1826	April 1826 18 June 1830	Possibly son of Iyasu II	Possibly Solomonic
Baeda Maryam III		April 1826	April 1826		Non-Dynastic
Iyasu IV ኢያሱ		18 June 1830	18 March 1832	Son of Salomon III	Solomonic
Gebre Krestos ገብረ ክሪስቶስ		18 March 1832 1832	1832 8 June 1832	Allegedly a descendant of Fasilides	Solomonic
Sahle Dengel	1778 – 11 February 1855 (aged 77)	1832 October 1832 October 1841 1845 1851	1832 29 August 1840 1845 1850 11 February 1855	Brother of Gebre Krestos	Solomonic
Egwale Anbesa		1832	1832		Non-Dynastic
Yohannes III	ca 1797 – ca 1873 (aged ca 76)	30 August 1840 1845 1850	October 1841 1845 1851	Son of Tekle Giyorgis I	Solomonic

Gondarine-Qwaran dynasty

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Tewodros II ቴዎድሮስ	ca 1818 – 13 April 1868 (aged ca 47)	11 February 1855	13 April 1868	Suicide on a British expidition, in the fort of Magdala. Son of Haile Giorgis Wolde Giorgis	Claimed the Solomonic lineage later in his reign

Zagwe dynasty

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Obed Gebru I ተክለ ጊዮርጊስ	Died 1873	11 June 1868	11 July 1871	Son of Wagshum Gebre Medhin	Claimed the Zagwe lineage through his father^[3]

Solomonic dynasty

Enderta-Tigrayan line

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Yohannes IV ዮሓንስ	(1837-07-11)11 Juli 1837 – 10 Maret 1889(1889-03-10) (umur 51)	11 July 1871	10 March 1889	Mekelle established as Capital. Son of Dejazmatch Mercha	Solomonic

Shewan line

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Menelik II^[4] ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ	(1844-08-17)17 Agustus 1844 – 12 Desember 1913(1913-12-12) (umur 69)	10 March 1889	12 December 1913	Addis Ababa established as Capital. Son of Negus Haile Melekot	Solomonic
Iyasu V^[5] Lij Iyasu ኢያሱ፭ኛ	(1895-02-04)4 Februari 1895 – 25 November 1935(1935-11-25) (umur 40)	12 December 1913	27 September 1916	Grandson of Menelik II	Solomonic
Zewditu I^[6] ዘውዲቱ	(1876-04-29)29 April 1876 – 2 April 1930(1930-04-02) (umur 53)	27 September 1916	2 April 1930	Daughter of Menelik II	Solomonic
Haile Selassie I (1st reign)^[7] ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ	(1892-07-23)23 Juli 1892 – 27 Agustus 1975(1975-08-27) (umur 83)	2 April 1930	2 May 1936	Son of Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael	Solomonic

Afrika Timur Italia

Wangsa Savoy

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Victor Emmanuel III^[8] Vittorio Emanuele III	(1869-11-11)11 November 1869 – 28 Desember 1947(1947-12-28) (umur 78)	9 Mei 1936	5 Mei 1941	anak dari Umberto I	Savoy

Gubernur Jenderal Afrika Timur Italia:

Pietro Badoglio, : 9 Mei 1936 – 11 Juni 1936
Rodolfo Graziani : 11 Juni 1936 – 21 Desember 1937
Pangeran Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta: 21 Desember 1937 – 19 Mei 1941
Pietro Gazzera (pelaksana): 23 Mai 1941 – 6 Juli 1941
Guglielmo Nasi (pelaksana): 6 Juli 1941 – 27 November 1941

Restorasi Kekaisaran

Nama	Masa hidup	Naik takhta	Turun takhta	Catatan	Keluarga	Foto
Haile Selassie I (jabatan ke 2)^[9] ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ	(1892-07-23)23 Juli 1892 – 27 Agustus 1975(1975-08-27) (umur 83)	5 Mei 1941	12 September 1974	Anak dari Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael	Salomo
Amha Selassie I^[10]^[11]	(1916-07-27)27 Juli 1916 – 17 Februari 1997(1997-02-17) (umur 80)	12 September 1974	21 Maret 1975	Anak dari Haile Selassie I	Salomo

Catatan

^ "The Ark of the Covenant: The Ethiopian Tradition". Diakses tanggal 2013-02-16.
^ Nathaniel T. Kenney, "Ethiopian Adventure", National Geographic, 127 (1965), p. 555.
^ Also claimed the Solomonic lineage through his mother.
^ Previously King of Shewa from 1855 to 1856, and from 1865 to 1889. Ruled under the regency of Ras Betwoded Tessema Nadew from 1909 to 1911 and son of Gebru selassie I Lij Iyasu from 1911 to 1913.
^ Never officially crowned as Emperor. Deposed by nobility with the sanction of the Church.
^ Ruled under the regency of Ras Tafari Makonnen (future Emperor Haile Selassie I).
^ De facto ruler of the country as regent from 1916 to 1930. Crowned as King in 1928.
^ Unrecognized only by the United States and Soviet Union in 1940. Renounced title in 1943.
^ Briefly deposed during the 1960 coup d'état attempt.
^ Proclaimed Emperor by the Imperial Guards during the 1960 coup d'état attempt.
^ Designated "King" (not Emperor) by the Derg while out of the country, did not take throne.

Referensi

Buyers, Christopher. "The Solomonic Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
Buyers, Christopher. "The Tewodros Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
Buyers, Christopher. "The Tigray Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.
Buyers, Christopher. "The Zagwe Dynasty". The Royal Ark. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-25.

Pranala luar

Templat:Silsilah keluarga Templat:Kepala negara dan pemerintah negara Afrika

[1] "The Ark of the Covenant: The Ethiopian Tradition". Diakses tanggal 2013-02-16.

[2] Nathaniel T. Kenney, "Ethiopian Adventure", National Geographic, 127 (1965), p. 555.

[3] Also claimed the Solomonic lineage through his mother.

[4] Previously King of Shewa from 1855 to 1856, and from 1865 to 1889. Ruled under the regency of Ras Betwoded Tessema Nadew from 1909 to 1911 and son of Gebru selassie I Lij Iyasu from 1911 to 1913.

[5] Never officially crowned as Emperor. Deposed by nobility with the sanction of the Church.

[6] Ruled under the regency of Ras Tafari Makonnen (future Emperor Haile Selassie I).

[7] De facto ruler of the country as regent from 1916 to 1930. Crowned as King in 1928.

[8] Unrecognized only by the United States and Soviet Union in 1940. Renounced title in 1943.

[9] Briefly deposed during the 1960 coup d'état attempt.

[10] Proclaimed Emperor by the Imperial Guards during the 1960 coup d'état attempt.

[11] Designated "King" (not Emperor) by the Derg while out of the country, did not take throne.

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Kaisar Etiopia
Bekas Kerajaan


Lambang Kekaisaran


Haile Selassie I

Penguasa pertama	Menelik I
Penguasa terakhir	Haile Selassie I
Kediaman resmi	Istana Menelik
Penunjuk	Warisan
Pendirian	s. 980 SM^[1]
Pembubaran	21 Maret 1975
Penuntut takhta	Zera Yacob Amha Selassie