Perang Pasifik

Perang Pasifik
	Bagian dari Perang Dunia II
	; Pesawat Amerika Serikat terbang di atas kapal perang Jepang, Mikuma, yang terbakar.
Tanggal	7 Juli 1937 - 9 September 1945
Lokasi	Asia, Samudra Pasifik, kepulauan dan negara-negara sekitarnya.
Hasil	Kemenangan Sekutu
Pihak terlibat
Republik Tiongkok; Amerika Serikat (1941); Britania Raya (1941); Australia (1941); Netherlands (1941); Selandia Baru (1941); Kanada (1941); Uni Soviet (1945)	Kekaisaran Jepang ; Thailand
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Chiang Kai-shek; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Winston Churchill; Josef Stalin (1945)	Hideki Tojo; Konoe Fumimaro; Isoroku Yamamoto ; Pibulsonggram

Perang Pasifik atau Perang Asia Pasifik, atau yang dikenal di Jepang dengan nama Perang Asia Timur Raya (Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争code: ja is deprecated , Dai Tō-A Sensō)) adalah perang yang terjadi di Samudra Pasifik, pulau-pulaunya, dan di Asia. Konflik ini terjadi antara tahun 1937 dan 1945, namun peristiwa-peristiwa yang lebih penting terjadi setelah 7 Desember 1941, ketika Jepang menyerang Amerika Serikat serta wilayah-wilayah yang dikuasai Britania Raya dan banyak negara lain serta yang dikuasai oleh sekutu.

Perang ini dimulai lebih awal dari Perang Dunia II yaitu pada tanggal 8 Juli 1937 oleh sebuah insiden yang disebut Insiden Jembatan Marco Polo Peristiwa tersebut menyulut peperangan antara Tiongkok dengan Jepang.Konflik antara Jepang dan Tiongkok dan beberapa dari peristiwa dan serangannya yang penting juga merupakan bagian dari perang tersebut. Perang ini terjadi antara pihak Sentral diantaranya Jepang, Jerman Nazi, dan Italia dengan pihak Sekutu (termasuk Tiongkok), Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, Filipina, Australia, Belanda dan Selandia Baru. Uni Soviet berhasil memukul mundur Jepang pada 1939, dan tetap netral hingga 1945, saat ia memainkan pernanan penting di pihak Sekutu pada masa-masa akhir perang.

Setelah dijajah pada tahun 1941, Thailand dipaksa bergabung dengan pihak Jepang. Jerman Nazi dan Italia yang juga merupakan sekutu Jepang, mengeoperasikan armada Angkatan Laut mereka di Samudra Pasifik dan Hindia antara tahun 1940 dan 1945.

Antara tahun 1942 dan 1945, terdapat 4 wilayah otorita Sekutu yang berperang melawan Jepang: Tiongkok, wilayah Samudra Pasifik, Asia Tenggara dan wilayah Pasifik Barat Daya.

Perang Pasifik berakhir pada 15 Agustus 1945 dan perjanjian menyerahnya Jepang ditandatangani oleh wakil dari sekutu yaitu Jendral Douglas McArthur dan Jepang diwakili oleh Mamoru Shigemitsu di atas kapal USS Missouri.

Akibat Perang Pasifik

Berikut ini adalah beberapa akibat dari Perang Asia Pasifik yang terjadi antara tahun 1937 sampai 1945 ini:

Kekalahan Jepang membuatnya kehilangan wilayah jajahannya seperti Manchuria, Korea, Asia Tenggara dan daerah mandat di kepulauan Pasifik yang diberikan pada akhir Perang Dunia II.
Beberapa negara yang sebelumnya dijajah oleh negara-negara Eropa berhasil memperoleh kemerdekaan seperti Indonesia.
Kaisar Jepang kehilangan statusnya sebagai dewa. Amerika Serikat sebagai pemenang perang di Pasifik tidak ingin mengadili Hirohito, kaisar Jepang saat itu. Amerika Serikat membutuhkan daerah penyangga (buffer) untuk menahan arus pengaruh komunisme karena Rusia sudah mencapai kawasan timur Asia.
Jepang tidak diperbolehkan mempunyai angkatan perang, kecuali pasukan pembela diri.

Referensi

Sumber

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Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945 M. E. Sharpe, 1992
Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945 University of Michigan Press, 1982
Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.
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Harries, Meirion; Harries, Susie (1994). Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75303-6.
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, The Soviet factor in ending the Pacific War (2003)

Sumber primer

United States War Department. TM 30-480 Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, 1942 (1942) online; 384pp; highly detailed description of wartime IJA by U.S. Army Intelligence.

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Werner Gruhl (31 December 2011). Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-0926-9.

Pranala luar

"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia" compiled by Kent G. Budge, 4000 short articles
Film Footage of the Pacific War
Animated History of the Pacific War
The Pacific War Series – at The War Times Journal
Morinoske: Japanese Pilot testimonials – and more
Imperial Japanese Navy Page
"Japan's War in Colour" di YouTube

Templat:States in the sphere of influence of Imperial Japan during World War II