Pengguna:Natsukusha/bak pasir
{{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Tiongkok | common_name = Taiwan
| native_name =
| image_flag = Flag of the Republic of China.svg | flag_type = Bendera | image_coat = National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg
| other_symbol = Cap negara
中華民國之璽
Cap Republik Tiongkok
Puspa bangsa
梅花
Bunga Prem
| symbol_type = Lambang
| national_anthem = 中華民國國歌
Lagu Kebangsaan Republik Tiongkok
| flag_anthem = 中華民國國旗歌
Lagu Bendera Kebangsaan Republik Tiongkok
| image_map =
.svg)
.svg)
| map_caption =
| largest_city = Taipei Baru
| capital = Taipei[h][2]
| coordinates = 25°04′N 121°31′E / 25.067°N 121.517°E
| ethnic_groups = >95% Tionghoa Han
—70% [[Orang Hoklo Taiwan|Hoklo]]
—14% Hakka
—14% Waishengren
2% [[Penduduk asli Taiwan|Pribumi]][23][i]
| official_languages = Bahasa Mandarin Taiwan[j][25][26][27]
| languages_type = Aksara resmi
| languages = Hanzi Tradisional[28]
| languages2_type = Bahasa nasional[k]
| languages2 =
| religion =
| demonym = Taiwan[13]
| government_type = republik demokratis, negara kesatuan, semipresidensial
| leader_title1 = Presiden
| leader_name1 = Tsai Ing-wen
| leader_title2 = Wakil Presiden
| leader_name2 = Lai Ching-te
| leader_title3 = Perdana Menteri
| leader_name3 = Su Tseng-chang
| leader_title4 = Kepala Yuan Legislatif
| leader_name4 = Yu Shyi-kun
| leader_title5 = Kepala Yuan Pengawas
| leader_name5 = Chen Chu
| leader_title6 = Ketua Yuan Yudisial
| leader_name6 = Hsu Tzong-li
| leader_title7 = Kepala Yuan Ujian
| leader_name7 = Huang Jong-tsun
| legislature = 立法院
Yuan Legislatif
| sovereignty_type = Pembentukan
| sovereignty_note =
| established_event1 = Revolusi Xinhai
| established_date1 = 10 Oktober 1911
| established_event2 = Pengambilalihan Taiwan dan Penghu[l]
| established_date2 = 25 Oktober 1945
| established_event3 = Konstitusi saat ini
| established_date3 = 25 Desember 1947
| established_event4 = Pembentukan pemerintahan
| established_date4 = 20 Mei 1948
| established_event5 = Hijrah ke Taipei
| established_date5 = 7 Desember 1949
| established_event6 = Status ditentukan oleh hukum
| established_date6 = 16 Juli 1992
| area_km2 = 36.197
| area_footnote = [14][13]
| area_rank =
| population_estimate = 23.451.837[15]
| population_census = 23.123.866[31]
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 56
| population_census_year = 2010
| population_census_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 650
| population_density_rank = 10
| GDP_PPP = 
$1,403 triliun[17]
| GDP_PPP_year = 2021
| GDP_PPP_rank = 19
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $56.959[17]
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 13
| GDP_nominal = $759,104 miliar[17]
| GDP_nominal_year = 2021
| GDP_nominal_rank = 21
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $32.123[32]
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 29
| Gini = 34,1
| Gini_year = 2017
| Gini_change = increase
| Gini_ref = [33]
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0,916
| HDI_year = 2019
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref = [20]
| HDI_rank = 23
| currency = Dolar Baru Taiwan (NT$)
| currency_code = TWD
| time_zone = Waktu Standar Nasional
| utc_offset = +8
| date_format =
- TTTT-BB-HH
- TTT-BB-HH (Kalender Minguo)
| electricity = 110 V–60 Hz[m] | drives_on = Kanan | calling_code = +886
| cctld =
}}
Penanggalan
Kalender Gregorius digunakan untuk berbagai macam keperluan di Taiwan. Berbeda dengan kalender Gregorius pada umumnya, kalender Gregorius di Taiwan menggunakan sistem penomoran tahun Minguo, yang dimulai sejak berdirinya RT tahun 1912. Tahun 2021 adalah tahun ke-110 Minguo (Hanzi: 民國110年).
The standard Gregorian calendar is used for most purposes in Taiwan. The year is often denoted by the Minguo era system which starts in 1912, the year the ROC was founded. 2021 is year 110 Minguo The East Asian date format is used in Chinese.[35]
Prior to standardisation in 1929, the Chinese calendar was officially used. It is a Lunisolar calendar system which remains in use today for traditional festivals such as the Lunar New Year, the Lantern Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival.[36]
See also
Notes
- ^ Taipei is the official seat of government of the Republic of China although the Constitution of the Republic of China does not specify the de jure capital.[1]
- ^ Bahasa Mandarin Taiwan[3]
Vernacular Chinese (used in most occasions)
Classical Chinese (used in formal or ceremonial occasions, religious or cultural rites, official documents, legal and court rulings and judiciary documents)[4] - ^ a b c d e f g Not designated but meets legal definition
- ^ A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the Taiwan Sign Language".[11]
- ^ Mixed indigenous-Han ancestry is included in the figure for Han Chinese.
- ^ Interpretations on whether this entails a complete transfer of the territory’s sovereignty to the Republic of China vary. Japan renounced the claims to Taiwan and Pescadores in the Treaty of San Francisco in 1952; see Retrocession Day, Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan and political status of Taiwan.
- ^ 220 V is also used for high power appliances such as air conditioners
- ^ Taipei is the official seat of government of the Republic of China although the Constitution of the Republic of China does not specify the de jure capital.[22]
- ^ Mixed indigenous-Han ancestry is included in the figure for Han Chinese.
- ^ Mandarin[3]
Vernacular Chinese (used in most occasions)
Classical Chinese (used in formal or ceremonial occasions, religious or cultural rites, official documents, legal and court rulings and judiciary documents)[24] - ^ A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the Taiwan Sign Language".[11]
- ^ Interpretasi tentang apakah ini memerlukan penyerahan kedaulatan wilayah sepenuhnya kepada Republik Tiongkok bervariasi. Jepang melepaskan klaim atas Taiwan dan Penghu dalam Perjanjian San Francisco pada tahun 1952.
- ^ 220 V juga digunakan untuk peralatan berdaya tinggi seperti AC
Words in native languages
References
Citations
- ^ "Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理敎科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: "Location of the Central Government"". 4 December 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Interior minister reaffirms Taipei is ROC's capital". Taipei Times. 5 December 2013. Diakses tanggal 7 December 2013.
- ^ a b "推動雙語國家政策問題研析". www.ly.gov.tw (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 25 May 2021.
- ^ "法律統一用語表-常見公文用語說明" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 2 June 2021.
- ^ Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) (2012). "Chapter 2: People and Language". The Republic of China Yearbook 2012 (dalam bahasa Inggris). hlm. 24. ISBN 9789860345902. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2013-12-18.
- ^ Government Information Office (2010). "Chapter 2: People and Language" (PDF). The Republic of China Yearbook 2010 (dalam bahasa Inggris). hlm. 42. ISBN 9789860252781. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-08-05.
- ^ Liao, Silvie (2008). "A Perceptual Dialect Study of Taiwan Mandarin: Language Attitudes in the Era of Political Battle". Dalam Chan, Marjorie K. M.; Kang, Hana. Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20) (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. hlm. 393. ISBN 9780982471500. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-12-24.
- ^ "行政院第3251次院會決議". www.ey.gov.tw (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 25 May 2021.
- ^ "Indigenous Languages Development Act". law.moj.gov.tw. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2019.
- ^ "Hakka Basic Act". law.moj.gov.tw. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2019.
- ^ a b 國家語言發展法. law.moj.gov.tw (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 22 May 2019.
- ^ The Republic of China Yearbook 2016. Executive Yuan, R.O.C. 2016. hlm. 10. ISBN 9789860499490. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2020.
Ethnicity: Over 95 percent Han Chinese (including Holo, Hakka and other groups originating in mainland China); 2 percent indigenous Austronesian peoples
- ^ a b c d e f Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamacia-factbook - ^ a b "TAIWAN SNAPSHOT". Diakses tanggal 15 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Statistics from Statistical Bureau". National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan). Diakses tanggal 26 September 2021.
- ^ "General Statistical analysis report, Population and Housing Census" (PDF). National Statistics, ROC (Taiwan). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 26 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 23 October 2020.
- ^ "GDP: Preliminary Estimate for 2020Q4 and Outlook for 2021" (PDF). dgbas.gov.tw. Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Percentage share of disposable income by quintile groups of income recipients and measures of income distribution". stat.gov.tw. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2019.
- ^ a b "國情統計通報（第 014 號）" (PDF). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC). 21 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2021.
- ^ "ICANN Board Meeting Minutes". ICANN. 25 June 2010.
- ^ "Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理敎科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: "Location of the Central Government"". 4 December 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 November 2019. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2019.
- ^ The Republic of China Yearbook 2016. Executive Yuan, R.O.C. 2016. hlm. 10. ISBN 9789860499490. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2020.
Ethnicity: Over 95 percent Han Chinese (including Holo, Hakka and other groups originating in mainland China); 2 percent indigenous Austronesian peoples
- ^ "法律統一用語表-常見公文用語說明" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 2 June 2021.
- ^ Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) (2012). "Chapter 2: People and Language". The Republic of China Yearbook 2012 (dalam bahasa Inggris). hlm. 24. ISBN 9789860345902. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2013-12-18.
- ^ Government Information Office (2010). "Chapter 2: People and Language" (PDF). The Republic of China Yearbook 2010 (dalam bahasa Inggris). hlm. 42. ISBN 9789860252781. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-08-05.
- ^ Liao, Silvie (2008). "A Perceptual Dialect Study of Taiwan Mandarin: Language Attitudes in the Era of Political Battle". Dalam Chan, Marjorie K. M.; Kang, Hana. Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20) (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. hlm. 393. ISBN 9780982471500. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-12-24.
- ^ "行政院第3251次院會決議". www.ey.gov.tw (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diakses tanggal 25 May 2021.
- ^ "Indigenous Languages Development Act". law.moj.gov.tw. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2019.
- ^ "Hakka Basic Act". law.moj.gov.tw. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2019.
- ^ "General Statistical analysis report, Population and Housing Census" (PDF). National Statistics, ROC (Taiwan). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 26 December 2016. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2016.
- ^ "GDP: Preliminary Estimate for 2020Q4 and Outlook for 2021" (PDF). dgbas.gov.tw. Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2021.
- ^ "Percentage share of disposable income by quintile groups of income recipients and measures of income distribution". stat.gov.tw. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2019.
- ^ "ICANN Board Meeting Minutes". ICANN. 25 June 2010.
- ^ "Chinese (Traditional Han, Taiwan) (zh-Hant-TW)". IBM Knowledge Center. Diakses tanggal 8 May 2019.
- ^ "Holidays and Festivals in Taiwan". Government Information Office, ROC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 October 2009. Diakses tanggal 28 May 2009.
Works cited
- Andrade, Tonio (2008). How Taiwan Became Chinese. Gutenberg-e E-book. New York, NY; Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-50368-6.
- Bird, Michael I; Hope, Geoffrey; Taylor, David (2004). "Populating PEP II: the dispersal of humans and agriculture through Austral-Asia and Oceania" (PDF). Quaternary International. 118–119: 145–163. Bibcode:2004QuInt.118..145B. doi:10.1016/s1040-6182(03)00135-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 12 February 2014. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2007.
- Chang, Maukuei (2005). "The Movement to Indigenize to Social Sciences in Taiwan: Origin and Predicaments". Dalam Makeham, John; Hsiau, A-chin. Cultural, Ethnic, and Political Nationalism in Contemporary Taiwan: Bentuhua. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7020-6.
- Davidson, James W. (1903). The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. London and New York: Macmillan. OL 6931635M.
- DoIT (2008). "2008 White Paper on Taiwan Industrial Technology" (PDF). Department of Industrial Technology. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 29 April 2011.
- Exec. Yuan (2014). The Republic of China Yearbook 2014 (PDF). Executive Yuan, R.O.C. ISBN 978-986-04-2302-0.
- Fenby, Jonathan (2009). The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850–2009. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-7139-9832-0.
- Fung, Edmund S. K. (2000). In search of Chinese democracy: civil opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949. Cambridge modern China series. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77124-5.
- Hill, Catherine; Soares, Pedro; Mormina, Maru; Macaulay, Vincent; Clarke, Dougie; Blumbach, Petya B.; Vizuete-Forster, Matthieu; Forster, Peter; Bulbeck, David; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Richards, Martin (January 2007). "A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1086/510412. PMC 1876738
. PMID 17160892. - Hsiau, A-Chin (2005). "The Indigenization of Taiwanese Literature: Historical Narrative, Strategic Essentialism, and State Violence". Dalam Makeham, John; Hsiau, A-chin. Cultural, Ethnic, and Political Nationalism in Contemporary Taiwan: Bentuhua. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7020-6.
- Jiao, Tianlong (2007). The Neolithic of southeast China: cultural transformation and regional interaction on the coast. Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1-934043-16-5.
- Makeham, John (2005). "Indigenization Discourse in Taiwanese Confucian Revivalism". Dalam Makeham, John; Hsiau, A-chin. Cultural, Ethnic, and Political Nationalism in Contemporary Taiwan: Bentuhua. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-7020-6.
- Makinen, Gail E.; Woodward, G. Thomas (1989). "The Taiwanese hyperinflation and stabilization of 1945–1952". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 21 (1): 90–105. doi:10.2307/1992580. JSTOR 1992580.
- Thompson, Lawrence G. (1964). "The earliest eyewitness accounts of the Formosan aborigines". Monumenta Serica. 23: 163–204. doi:10.1080/02549948.1964.11731044. JSTOR 40726116.
- Valentijn, François (1903) [First published 1724 in Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën]. "History of the Dutch Trade". Dalam Campbell, William. Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island. London: Kegan Paul. hlm. 25–75. ISBN 9789576380839. OCLC 644323041.
- Wills, John E., Jr. (2006). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". Dalam Rubinstein, Murray A. Taiwan: A New History (edisi ke-expanded). M.E. Sharpe. hlm. 84–106. ISBN 978-0-7656-1495-7.
- Winckler, Edwin (1994). Harrell, Stevan; Huang, Chun-chieh, ed. Cultural Policy in Postwar Taiwan. Cultural Change in Postwar Taiwan ( 10–14 April 1991; Seattle). Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-8632-4.
- Yip, June (2004). Envisioning Taiwan: Fiction, Cinema and the Nation in the Cultural Imaginary. Durham, N.C. and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3357-9.
Further reading
- "Taiwan Flashpoint". BBC News. 2005.
- Bush, R.; O'Hanlon, M. (2007). A War Like No Other: The Truth About China's Challenge to America. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-98677-5.
- Bush, R. (2006). Untying the Knot: Making Peace in the Taiwan Strait. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-1290-9.
- Carpenter, T. (2006). America's Coming War with China: A Collision Course over Taiwan
. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6841-8. - Clark, Cal; Tan, Alexander C. (2012). Taiwan's Political Economy: Meeting Challenges, Pursuing Progress. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58826-806-8.
- Cole, B. (2006). Taiwan's Security: History and Prospects. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-36581-9.
- Copper, J. (2006). Playing with Fire: The Looming War with China over Taiwan. Praeger Security International General Interest. ISBN 978-0-275-98888-3.
- Copper, John F. ed. Historical dictionary of Taiwan (1993) online
- Federation of American Scientists; et al. (2006). "Chinese Nuclear Forces and US Nuclear War Planning" (PDF).
- Feuerwerker, Albert (1968). The Chinese Economy, 1912–1949. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Fravel, M. Taylor (2002). "Towards Civilian Supremacy: Civil-military Relations in Taiwan's Democratization". Armed Forces & Society. 29 (1): 57–84. doi:10.1177/0095327x0202900104.
- Gill, B. (2007). Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-3146-7.
- Selby, Burnard (Mar 1955). "Formosa: The Historical Background". History Today. 5 (3): 186–194.
- Shirk, S. (2007). China: Fragile Superpower: How China's Internal Politics Could Derail Its Peaceful Rise. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530609-5.
- Taeuber, Irene B. "Population Growth in a Chinese Microcosm: Taiwan." Population Index 27#2 (1961), pp. 101–126 online
- Tsang, S. (2006). If China Attacks Taiwan: Military Strategy, Politics and Economics. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-40785-4.
- Tucker, N.B. (2005). Dangerous Strait: the US-Taiwan-China Crisis. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13564-1.
External links
| Cari tahu mengenai Republic of China pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
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Definisi dan terjemahan dari Wiktionary |
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Gambar dan media dari Commons |
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Berita dari Wikinews |
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Kutipan dari Wikiquote |
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Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
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Buku dari Wikibuku |
|
Panduan wisata di Taiwan dari Wikivoyage |
| Sumber pustaka mengenai Natsukusha/bak pasir |
Overviews and data
- Taiwan. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Taiwan from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- Taiwan country profile BBC News
- Background Note: Taiwan US Department of State
- Taiwan's 400 years of history New Taiwan, Ilha Formosa
- Key Development Forecasts for Taiwan from International Futures
- Chinese Taipei OECD
Peta Taiwan di Wikimedia Atlas
Government agencies
- Office of the Government
- Office of the President
- Executive Yuan
- Judicial Yuan
- Control Yuan
- Examination Yuan
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Republic of China (Taiwan) Embassies and Missions Abroad
- Taiwan, The Heart of Asia Diarsipkan 23 December 2016 di Wayback Machine., Tourism Bureau, Republic of China (Taiwan)