Daftar penguasa Inggris
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Berikut daftar raja Inggris
Wangsa Mercia
Raja Inggris yang pertama menurut beberapa sumber adalah Offa pada 774, yang telah menjadi Raja Mercia sejak 757.[1]
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offa (+OFFA•REX+) 774-796 |
 |
anak Thingfrith | Cynethryth 5 anak |
26 atau 29 Juli 796 |
Wangsa Wessex
Daftar penguasa Inggris biasanya dimulai dari Egbert, Raja Wessex, sejak 802, yang memiliki kekuasaan atas seluruh Inggris.[2] Ia mengalahkan orang Mercia pada 825, namun persatuan tidak terwujud hingga 927.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egbert (Ecgberht) 829-839[3] |
 |
c.775[4] anak Ealhmund dari Kent[3] |
Redburga 3 anak[3] |
4 Februari 839 usia sekitar 64[3] |
| Ethelwulf (Æþelwulf) 5 Februari 839-856 |
 |
Aachen anak Egbert dan Redburga |
(1) Osburga 6 anak (2) Judith 1 Oktober 853 tidak punya anak |
13 Januari 858 62/63[2] |
| Ethelbald (Æþelbald) 856-860 |
Gambar tak tersedia |
c.831 anak Ethelwulf dan Osburga |
Judith tidak punya anak |
20 Desember 860 usia sekitar 29[2] |
| Ethelbert (Æþelberht) 21 Desember 860-865 |
Gambar tak tersedia |
c.835 anak Ethelwulf dan Osburga |
tak diketahui 2 anak |
865 usia sekitar30[2] |
| Ethelred (Æþelræd) 865-871 |
Gambar tak tersedia |
c.837 anak Ethelwulf dan Osburga |
Wulfrida 868 2 anak |
23 April 871 usia sekitar34[2] |
| Alfred (Ælfræd) 24 April 871–899[5] |
 |
c.849 Wantage anak Ethelwulf dan Osburga[6] |
Ealhswith Winchester 868 6 anak[7] |
26 Oktober 899 usia sekitar 50[5] |
| Edward (Eadweard) 27 Oktober 899–924[8] |
 |
c.871-877 anak Alfred dan Ealhswith[9] |
(1) Ecgwynn 893 3 anak (2) Aelffaed c.902 10 anak (3) Edgiva dari Kent 905 4 anak[10] |
17 Juli 924 Farndon, Cheshire usia sekitar 50[8] |
| Elfward (Ælfweard) 18 Juli - 2 Agustus 924[11] Succession uncertain / disputed |
Gambar tak tersedia |
c.902 anak Edward dan Aelffaed |
tidak menikah | 2 Agustus 924 usia sekitar 22 |
| Athelstan (Æþelstan) 3 Agustus 924–939[12] |
 |
895 anak Edward dan Ecgwynn[13] |
tidak menikah[12] | 27 Oktober 939 usia sekitar 44[12] |
| Edmund (Eadmund) 28 Oktober 939–946[14] |
Imaginary portrait of Edmund I | c.921 anak Edward dan Edgiva [14] |
(1) Elgiva 3 anak (2) Æthelflæd of Damerham 944 tidak punya anak[15] |
26 Mei 946 Pucklechurch usia sekitar 25 (dibunuh)[14] |
| Eadred (Eadred) 27 Mei 946–955[16] |
 |
c.923 anak Edward dan Edgiva[17] |
tidakk menikah[17] | 23 November 955 Frome usia sekitar 32[18] |
| Eadwig (Eadwig) 24 November 955–959[19] |
 |
c.940 anak Edmund dan Elgiva[20] |
Elgiva[19] | 1 Oktober 959 usia sekitar 19[19] |
| Edgar (Eadgar) 2 Oktober 959–975[21] |
 |
c.943 Wessex anak Edmund dan Elgiva[22] |
(1) Ethelflaed c.960 1 putra (2) Ælfthryth c.964[22] 2 putra |
8 Juli 975 Winchester usia sekitar 32[23] |
| Edward (Eadweard) 9 Juli 975–978[24] |
 |
c.962 anak Edgar dan Ethelflaed[25] |
tidak menikah | 18 Maret 978 Corfe Castle usia sekitar 16 (dibunuh)[24] |
| Ethelred (Æþelræd Unræd) 19 Maret 978–1016[26] |
 |
c.968 anak Edgar dan Ælfthryth[27] |
(1) Ælflaed dari Northumbria 4 anak (2) Aelgifu 991 6 anak (3) Emma dari Normandy 1002 3 anak[28] |
23 April 1016 London usia sekitar 48[26] |
| Edmund Ironside (Eadmund) 24 April – 30 November 1016[29] |
 |
c.993 anak Ethelred dan Ælflaed[29] |
Edith dari Anglia Timur 2 anak[30] |
30 November 1016 Glastonbury usia sekitar 23[29][30] |
Wangsa Denmark
Inggris berada di bawah kekuasaan raja-raja Denmark berikut.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweyn Forkbeard (Svend Tveskæg) 25 Desember[31] 1013–1014[32] |
 |
c.960 Denmark anak Harald Bluetooth dan Gyrid Olafsdottir[33] |
(1) Gunhilda dari Polandia c.990 7 anak (2) Sigrid c.1000 1 putri[33] |
3 Februari 1014 Gainsborough usia sekitar 54[33] |
| Canute (Knútr) 1 Desember 1016–1035[34] |
 |
c.995 anak Sweyn Forkbeard[34] |
(1) Aelgifu dari Northampton 2 anak (2) Emma dari Normandy 1017[34] |
12 November 1035 Shaftesbury usia sekitar 40[34] |
| Harold Harefoot (Harald) 13 November 1035–1040[35] |
Gambar tak tersedia |
c.1016/7 anak Canute dan Aelgifu[35] |
Aelgifu 1 putra[36] |
17 Maret 1040 Oxford usia sekitar 23 or 24[35] |
| Harthacanute (Hardeknud) 18 Juni 1040–1042[37] |
Gambar tak tersedia |
1018 anak Canute dan Emma[36] |
unknown | 8 Juni 1042 Lambeth usia sekitar 24[36] |
Wangsa Wessex (dikembalikan)
Kepenguasaan Saxon dikembalikan selama beberapa waktu, namun pada Pertempuran Hastings, William dari Normandy menang dan menjadi Raja Inggris.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward sang Pengaku (Eadweard) 9 Juni 1042–1066[38] |
Berkas:EdtheCon.jpg | c.1003 Islip, Oxfordshire anak Ethelred dan Emma[38] |
Edith dari Wessex 23 Januari 1045 tidak punya anak[38] |
5 Januari 1066 Westminster Palace usia sekitar 60[38] |
| Harold Godwinson (Harold Godwinesson) 6 Januari – 14 Oktober 1066[38] |
 |
c.1020 anak Godwin, Earl of Wessex dan Gytha Thorkelsdóttir[38] |
(1) Edith Swannesha 6 anak (2) Ealdgyth dari Mercia |
14 Oktober 1066 Hastings usia sekitar 46 (died in battle)[38] |
| Edgar the Atheling (Eadgar Æþeling) 15 Oktober – 17 Desember 1066[39] |
No image available |
c.1053 Hungary anak Edward yang Diasingkan dan Agatha[40] |
tidak menikah[40] | c.1125 usia sekitar 72[39] |
Wangsa Normandy
Pada 1066, William II, Adipati Normandy, menaklukkan Inggris. Orang-orang Norman dari Perancis yang menginvasi Inggris mendarat di pulau Inggris dan menggantikan bangsa Anglo-Saxon sebagai bangsa penguasa Inggris. Raja-raja Norman di Inggris pada mulanya merupakan vassal dari Raja Perancis. Raja Richard I (berhati Singa) yang terkenal itu hanya dapat berbicara bahasa Perancis dan lebih banyak meluangkan waktu di Aquitaine, Perancis, atau di Perang Salib daripada di Inggris.
Mulai dari saat tersebut raja-raja Inggris menggunakan angka Romawi untuk menandai raja yang bernama sama, yang diadopsi dari Perancis. Namun pemberian julukan kepada seorang penguasa masih lazim terjadi.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William I (Guillaume le Conquérant/le Bâtard) 25 Desember 1066–1087[41] |
 |
c.1028 Falaise Castle anak Robert I, Adipati Normandy dan Herleva[41] |
Matilda of Flanders Chapel Notre Dame of the castle in Eu, Normandy 1053 10 anak[41] |
9 September 1087 St. Gervais in Rouen usia sekitar 59[41]. Buried at Saint Etienne Abbey (Abbaye aux Hommes) of Caen |
| William II Rufus (Guillaume le Roux) 26 September 1087–1100[41] |
 |
c.1060 Normandy anak William I dan Matilda[41] |
tidak menikah | 2 Agustus 1100 New Forest usia sekitar 40[41] |
| Henry I (Henri Beauclerc) 5 Agustus 1100–1135[42] |
 |
September 1068 Selby anak William I dan Matilda[42] |
(1) Edith of Scotland Westminster Abbey 11 November 1100 4 anak (2) Adeliza of Louvain Windsor Castle 29 Januari 1121 tidak punya anak[42] |
1 Desember 1135 Castle of Lyons-la-Forêt (Saint-Denis-en-Lyons) usia 67[42]. Buried at Reading Abbey |
| Stephen (Étienne de Blois) 22 Desember 1135–1154[43] |
 |
c.1096 Blois anak Stephen, Count of Blois dan Adela dari Normandy[42] |
Matilda of Boulogne Westminster 1125 5 anak[42] |
25 Oktober 1154 Dover Castle usia sekitar 58[42] |
| Matilda/Maud (Mathilde ou Mahaut l'emperesse) 7 April–1 November 1141[44] Title disputed |
 |
7 Februari 1102 Sutton Courtenay only legitimate daughter of Henry I and Edith of Scotland[45] |
(1) Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor Mainz 6 Januari 1114 tidak punya anak (2) Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou Le Mans Cathedral 22 Mei1128 4 anak[44] |
10 September 1167 Notre Dame du Pré in Rouen usia 65[44] |
Wangsa Plantagenet
Stephen came to an agreement in November 1153, with the signing of the Treaty of Wallingford where Stephen recognised Henry, anak Matilda, as his heir to the throne in lieu of his own son.
The early Plantagenets ruled many territories in France, and did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses: the Angevins, the House of Lancaster, and the House of York.
Angevins
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry II (Henri Court-mantel) 19 Desember 1154–1189[46] |
 |
5 Maret 1133 Le Mans anak Geoffrey dari Anjou dan Matilda[46] |
Eleanor of Aquitaine Bordeaux Cathedral 18 Mei1152 8 anak[46] |
6 Juli 1189 Château Chinon usia 56[46]. Buried at Fontevraud Abbey |
| Henry sang Raja Muda (Henri le Jeune Roy) (coregent with his father) 14 Juni 1170–1183 |
 |
28 Februari 1155 anak Henry II dan Eleanor |
Marguerite of France Winchester Cathedral 27 Agustus 1172 1 anak |
11 Juni 1183 Martel, Limoges usia 28. Buried at Rouen Cathedral (Notre-Dame) |
| Richard I (Richard Cœur de Lion) 3 September 1189–1199[46] |
 |
8 September 1157 Beaumont Palace anak Henry II dan Eleanor[46] |
Berengaria of Navarre Limassol 12 Mei1191 tidak punya anak[46] |
6 April 1199 Chalus usia 41[46]. Buried: Heart at Rouen Cathedral. Body at Fontevraud Abbey |
| John I (Jean Sans Terre) 27 Mei 1199–1216[47] |
Gambar tak tersedia |
24 Desember 1167 Beaumont Palace anak Henry II dan Eleanor[47] |
(1) Isabel of Gloucester Marlborough Castle 29 Agustus 1189 tidak punya anak (2) Isabella of Angoulême |
19 Oktober 1216 Newark Castle usia 48[47] Buried at Worcester Cathedral |
| Henry III 28 Oktober 1216–1272[48] |
 |
1 Oktober 1207 Winchester Castle anak John dan Isabella[48] |
Eleanor of Provence Canterbury Cathedral 14 Januari 1236 9 anak[48] |
16 November 1272 Westminster Palace usia 65[48] |
| Edward I 20 November 1272–1307[49] |
Berkas:King Edward I.jpg | 17 Juni 1239 Westminster Palace anak Henry III dan Eleanor[49] |
(1) Eleanor of Castile Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas 18 Oktober 1254 17 anak (2) Marguerite of France |
7 Juli 1307 Burgh by Sands usia 68[49] |
| Edward II 7 Juli 1307 – 25 Januari 1327[50] |
 |
25 April 1284 Caernarfon Castle anak Edward I dan Eleanor[50] |
Isabella of France Boulogne Cathedral 25 Januari 1308 5 anak[50] |
21 September 1327 Berkeley Castle usia 43 (dibunuh)[50] |
| Edward III 25 Januari 1327–1377[51] |
 |
13 November 1312 Windsor Castle anak Edward II dan Isabella[51] |
Philippa of Hainault York Minster 24 Januari 1328 14 anak[51] |
21 Juni 1377 Sheen Palace usia 64[51] |
| Richard II 21 Juni 1377 – 29 September 1399[52] |
 |
6 Januari 1367 Bordeaux anak Edward, pangeran Hitam dan Joan dari Kent[52] |
(1) Anne of Bohemia 14 Januari 1382 tidak punya anak (2) Isabella of Valois |
6 Januari 1400 Pontefract Castle usia 33[52] |
Wangsa Lancaster
Wangsa ini diturunkan dari John dari Gaunt, anak ketiga Edward III yang masih hidup.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry IV 30 September 1399–1413[53] |
 |
3 April 1366/7 Bolingbroke Castle anak John dari Gaunt and Blanche dari Lancaster[53] |
(1) Mary de Bohun Arundel Castle 27 Juli 1380 7 anak (2) Joanna dari Navarre |
20 Maret 1413 Westminster Abbey usia 45 or 46[54] |
| Henry V 20 Maret 1413–1422[53] |
 |
9 Agustus 1387 Monmouth Castle anak Henry IV dan Mary[53] |
Catherine dari Valois Troyes Cathedral 2 Juni 1420 1 putra[53] |
31 Agustus 1422 Château de Vincennes usia 35[53] |
| Henry VI 31 Agustus 1422 – 4 Maret 1461[55] |
|
6 Desember 1421 Windsor Castle anak Henry V dan Catherine[55] |
Margaret dari Anjou Titchfield Abbey 22 April 1445 1 putra[55] |
21 Mei1471 Tower of London usia 49 (dibunuh)[55] |
Wangsa York
Wangsa York diturunkan dari Edmund dari Langley, Adipati York yang pertama, anak keempat Edward III yang masih hidup.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward IV 4 Maret 1461 – 2 Oktober 1470[56] |
|
28 April 1442 Rouen anak Richard Plantagenet dan Cecily Neville[56] |
Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 Mei1464 10 anak[56] |
9 April 1483 Westminster Palace usia 40[56] |
Wangsa Lancaster (dikembalikan)
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry VI 2 Oktober 1470 – 11 April 1471[55] |
|
6 Desember 1421 Windsor Castle anak Henry V dan Catherine[55] |
Margaret dari Anjou Titchfield Abbey 22 April 1445 1 putra[55] |
21 Mei 1471 Tower of London usia 49 (dibunuh)[55] |
Wangsa York (dikembalikan)
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward IV 11 April 1471 – 9 April 1483[56] |
|
28 April 1442 Rouen anak Richard Plantagenet dan Cecily Neville[56] |
Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 Mei1464 10 anak[56] |
9 April 1483 Westminster Palace usia 40[56] |
| Edward V 9 April–25 Juni 1483[57] |
 |
2 November 1470 Westminster anak Edward IV dan Elizabeth Woodville[57] |
tidak menikah | c. 1483 London usia sekitar 12 (menurut tradisi dibunuh)[58] |
| Richard III 26 Juni 1483–1485[59] |
Gambar tak tersedia |
2 Oktober 1452 Fotheringhay Castle anak Richard Plantagenet dan Cecily Neville[60] |
Anne Neville Westminster Abbey 12 Juli 1472 1 putra[60] |
22 Agustus 1485 Bosworth Field usia 32 (mati dalam perang)[60] |
Wangsa Tudor
The Tudors descended matrilineally from John Beaufort, one of the illegitimate anak of 14th Century English Prince John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (third surviving anak Edward III of England), by Gaunt's long-term mistress Katherine Swynford. The descendants of an illegitimate child of English Royalty would normally have no claim on the throne, but the situation was complicated when Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396 (25 years after John Beaufort's birth). In view of the marriage, the church retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate via a papal bull the same year (also enshrined in an Act of Parliament in 1397). A subsequent proclamation by John of Gaunt's legitimate son, King Henry IV, also recognized the Beauforts' legitimacy, but declared them ineligible to ever inherit the throne. Nevertheless, the Beauforts remained closely allied with Gaunt's other descendants, the Royal House of Lancaster.
John Beaufort's granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort, a considerable heiress, was married to Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. Tudor was the anak Welsh courtier Owain Tewdr (anglicised to "Owen Tudor") and Katherine of Valois, widowed Queen Consort of the Lancastrian King Henry V. Edmund Tudor and his siblings were either illegitimate, or the product of a secret marriage, and owed their fortunes to the goodwill of their legitimate half-brother King Henry VI. When the House of Lancaster fell from power, the Tudors followed.
With Henry VIII's break from the Roman Catholic Church, the monarch became the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Elizabeth I's title became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry VII 22 Agustus 1485–1509[61] |
 |
28 Januari 1457 Pembroke Castle anak Edmund Tudor dan Margaret Beaufort[61] |
Elizabeth of York Westminster Abbey 18 Januari 1486 8 anak[61] |
21 April 1509 Richmond Palace usia 52[61] |
| Henry VIII 21 April 1509–1547[62] |
 |
28 Juni 1491 Greenwich Palace anak Henry VII dan Elizabeth[62] |
Catherine of Aragon Greenwich 11 Juni 1509 1 putri
|
28 Januari 1547 Whitehall Palace usia 55[62] |
| Anne Boleyn Westminster Palace 25 Januari 1533 1 putri | ||||
| Jane Seymour Whitehall Palace 30 Mei1536 1 putra | ||||
| Anne of Cleves Greenwich Palace 6 Januari 1540 | ||||
| Catherine Howard Hampton Court Palace 28 Juli 1540 | ||||
| Catherine Parr Hampton Court Palace 12 Juli 1543 | ||||
| Edward VI 28 Januari 1547–1553[63] |
 |
12 Oktober 1537 Hampton Court Palace anak Henry VIII dan Jane Seymour[63] |
tidak menikah | 6 Juli 1553 Greenwich Palace usia 15[63] |
| Jane (The Nine Days' Queen) 10 Juli–19 Juli 1553[64] De facto queen; title disputed |
 |
Oktober 1537 Bradgate Park putri Henry Grey dan Frances Brandon[64] |
Lord Guildford Dudley The Strand 21 Mei1553 tidak punya anak[65] |
12 Februari 1554 Tower of London usia 16 (beheaded)[64] |
| Mary I (Bloody Mary) 19 Juli 1553–1558[63] |
 |
18 Februari 1516 Greenwich Palace putri Henry VIII dan Catherine[63] |
Philip II of Spain Winchester Cathedral 25 Juli 1554 tidak punya anak[63] |
17 November 1558 St. James's Palace usia 42[63] |
| Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen) 17 November 1558–1603[63] |
 |
7 September 1533 Greenwich Palace putri Henry VIII dan Anne Boleyn[63] |
tidak menikah | 24 Maret 1603 Richmond Palace usia 69[63] |
Wangsa Stuart
Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, the Scottish king, James VI, succeeded to the English throne as James I in what became known as the Union of the Crowns. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII. In 1604 he adopted the title King of Great Britain, although the two kingdoms remained separate.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James I 24 Maret 1603–1625[66] |
 |
19 Juni 1566 Edinburgh Castle anak Henry Stuart dan Mary[66] |
Anne of Denmark Oslo 23 November 1589 7 anak[66] |
27 Maret 1625 Theobalds House usia 58[66] |
| Charles I (Saint Charles the Martyr) 27 Maret 1625–1649[67] |
 |
19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace anak James I dan Anne[67] |
Henrietta Maria of France St Augustine's Abbey 13 Juni 1625 9 anak[67] |
30 Januari 1649 Whitehall Palace usia 48 (beheaded)[67] |
Persemakmuran
There was no reigning monarch between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Despite this, from 1653 the following individuals held power as Lords Protector, during the period known as the Protectorate.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oliver Cromwell (Old Ironsides) 16 Desember 1653–1658[68] |
 |
25 April 1599 Huntingdon[68] anak Robert Cromwell dan Elizabeth Stewart[69] |
Elizabeth Bourchier St Giles[70] 22 Agustus 1620 9 anak[68] |
3 September 1658 Whitehall usia 59[68] |
| Richard Cromwell (Tumbledown Dick) 3 September 1658 – 7 Mei1659[71] |
 |
4 Oktober 1626 Huntingdon anak Oliver Cromwell dan Elizabeth Bourchier[71] |
Dorothy Maijor Mei1649 tidak punya anak[71] |
12 Juli 1712 Cheshunt usia 85[72] |
Wangsa Stuart (dikembalikan)
Although the monarchy was restored in 1660, no stable settlement proved possible until the Glorious Revolution of 1688, when parliament finally asserted the right to choose whomsoever it pleased as monarch.
| Monarki | Foto | Lahir | Pernikahan | Meninggal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles II 30 Januari 1660-1685[73] Royalists dated his reign from 1649 |
 |
29 Mei 1630 St. James's Palace anak Charles I dan Henrietta Maria[74] |
Catherine of Braganza Portsmouth 21 Mei 1662 3 anak (semua mati waktu kecil)[74] |
6 Februari 1685 Whitehall Palace usia 54[74] |
| James II 6 Februari 1685 – 23 Desember 1688[75] |
 |
14 Oktober 1633 St. James's Palace anak Charles I dan Henrietta Maria[75] |
(1) Anne Hyde The Strand 3 September 1660 8 anak (2) Mary of Modena |
16 September 1701 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye usia 67[75] |
| William III of Orange (Willem van Oranje) 13 Februari 1689–1702[76] |
 |
4 November 1650 The Hague anak William II dari Orange dan Mary Stuart[77] |
St. James's Palace 4 November 1677 3 anak (semua mati waktu kecil)[76] |
8 Maret 1702 Kensington Palace usia 51[76] |
| Mary II 13 Februari 1689–1694[75] |
 |
30 April 1662 St. James's Palace putri James II dan Anne Hyde[75] |
28 Desember 1694 Kensington Palace usia 32[75] | |
| Anne 8 Maret 1702-1707[78] Great Britain 1 Mei1707-1714 |
 |
6 Februari 1665 St. James's Palace putri James II dan Anne Hyde[79] |
George of Denmark St. James's Palace 28 Juli 1683 17 anak[79] |
1 Agustus 1714 Kensington Palace usia 49[79] |
Acts of Union
Gelar
Catatan
- ^ Keynes, Simon (1999), "Offa", dalam Lapidge, Michael, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford, hlm. 301–341, ISBN 0-631-22492-0 Wormald, Patrick (1982), "The Age of Offa and Alcuin", dalam Campbell, James, The Anglo-Saxons, London: Phaidon, hlm. 101–128, ISBN 0-14-0143950-5 Periksa nilai: length
|isbn=(bantuan) "Charlemagne, moreover, saw England as if it were ruled by two kings only; Aethelred ruling Northumbria, and Offa everything to the south." (p. 101) - ^ a b c d e Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Æthelbald, King of Wessex and others". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-24.
- ^ "King Egbert". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-24.
- ^ a b Alfred (the Great) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 Maret 2007.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 Maret 2007.
- ^ Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b EADWEARD (Edward the Elder) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed on 15 Maret 2007.
- ^ There are various references listing Edward the Elder's birth as sometime in the 870s, being the second child of a marriage of 868. There are no sources listing his birth as after 877. Anglo-Saxons.net : Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 15 Maret 2007.
- ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 21 Januari 2007.
- ^ Note: evidence is sketchy and not all historians agree that Ælfweard became king. See his article for further details.
- ^ a b c Aethelstan @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 Maret 2007.
- ^ EBK: Aethelstan, King of the English. URL last accessed 15 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b c EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund the Elder. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b EBK: Edred, King of England. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ BritRoyals - King Edred. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b c EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b EBK: Edgar the Peacemaker, King of England. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ The Atheling. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ EBK: Edward the Martyr, King of England. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b Ethelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007
- ^ Schoolnet Spartacus: Ethelred. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007
- ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Ethelred II, the Redeless. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007
- ^ a b c EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007
- ^ a b English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund Ironside. URL last accessed 17 Maret 2007
- ^ "English Monarchs". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ "Sweyn (Forkbeard) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10242". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ a b c d CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 Maret 2007.
- ^ a b c Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. "Harold (Harefoot) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10220". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ "Harthacnut - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10218". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-26.
- ^ a b After reigning for approximately 9 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the area to the south and immediate west of London. "Eadgar (the Ætheling) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-26.
- ^ a b "thePeerage.com - Person Page 9". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10203". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "STEPHEN (of Blois) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10204". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ "MATILDA (the Empress) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10202". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10201". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10193". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10191". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d Edward II was officially deposed by Parliament on 25 Januari 1327, having been imprisoned on 16 November 1326. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10094". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10188". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father John of Gaunt. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10206". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10187". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "HENRY IV - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10186". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10164". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. "EDWARD V - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10165". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "RICHARD III - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10163". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10142". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10148". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10150". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10152". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "Lady Jane Grey: Marriage". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10137". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10138". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c d "Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "Oliver Cromwell - Faq 1". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "New Page 1". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c "Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1626-1712". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "CROMWELL, Richard - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon49.html
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10139". Diakses tanggal 2008-11-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10136". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10141". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "WILLIAM III - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ "Anne (England) - Archontology.org". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.
- ^ a b c "thePeerage.com - Person Page 10134". Diakses tanggal 2007-10-25.