Pengguna:PK2/Templat:Infobox Country
 | Templat ini menggunakan fitur sintaks templat yang rumit.
Anda seharusnya sudah memahami penyetelan dan fungsi parser sebelum menyunting templat ini. Jika suntingan Anda menyebabkan permasalahan yang tidak diinginkan, mohon untuk membaliknya secepatnya, karena templat ini mungkin muncul pada sejumlah besar halaman. Ingat bahwa semua percobaan dan perbaikan harus diuji terlebih dahulu di Bak pasir atau di ruang pengguna Anda sebelum mengubah sesuatu di sini. |
This Infobox template is used to generate a righthand infobox in articles of 2 specific types: Country/territory or Geopolitical organisation. The syntax (format) of parameters and examples are detailed within the show/hide collapsed sections below.
Syntax
Parameters for Country or territory
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = <!--Long-form name in native language-->
|conventional_long_name = <!--Conventional English long-form-->
|common_name = <!--Common English name (used as wikilink)-->
|image_flag = <!--* e.g. Flag of country.svg-->
|alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag-->
|image_coat = <!--* e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg-->
|alt_coat = <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|symbol_type = <!--emblem/seal/... based on image_coat-->
|national_motto = <!--"[[motto]]"-->
|national_anthem = <!--''[[name of/link to anthem]]''-->
|royal_anthem = <!--''[[name of/link to anthem]]''-->
|other_symbol_type = <!--Another symbol, e.g. Hymn-->
|other_symbol = <!--another symbol text-->
|image_map = <!--e.g. LocationCountry.svg-->
|alt_map = <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption = <!--Caption to place below map-->
|image_map2 = <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2 = <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 = <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =
|latd= | latm= | latNS = <!--capital's latitude degree/min/dir-->
|longd= |longm= |longEW = <!--capital's longitude deg/min/dir-->
|largest_city = <!--Largest city or settlement: -->
|largest_settlement = <!--(if not a city)-->
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|official_languages =
|regional_languages = <!--Officially recognized languages-->
|languages_type = <!--Other type of languages -->
|languages = <!--Other languages list-->
|ethnic_groups = <!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups-->
|ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic data (if provided)-->
|demonym =
|government_type =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
...
|leader_title6 =
|leader_name6 =
|sovereignty_type =
|sovereignty_note =
|established_event1 =
|established_date1 =
|established_event2 =
|established_date2 =
...
|established_event9 =
|established_date9 =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area_km2 = <!-- major area size (in square km) -->
|area_sq_mi = <!-- area in square mi (requires area_km2) -->
|percent_water =
|area_label = <!-- label under "Area" (default: Total) -->
|area_label2 = <!-- label below area_label (optional) -->
|area_dabodyalign = <!-- text after area_label2 (optional) -->
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP =
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini =
|Gini_rank =
|Gini_year =
|Gini_category =
|HDI =
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year =
|HDI_category =
|currency =
|currency_code =
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours-->
|time_zone_DST =
|date_format = numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (CE, AH, etc.)
|DST_note =
|utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours-->
|drives_on = vehicles drive on the left or right of the road
|cctld =
|calling_code =
|image_map3 =
|alt_map3 =
|footnotes = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
|footnote1 =
|footnote2 =
...
|footnote7 =
}}
France specific parameters
|metropole = |metropole_area = |metropole_area_rank = |metropole_area_magnitude = |metropole_areami² = |metropole_population = |metropole_population_estimate_rank = |foot = |foot2 = |foot3 = |foot4 = |foot5 =
United Kingdom specific parameters
|patron_saint =
European Union specific parameters
|accessionEUdate =
* If, on a particular page, the default widths provided for the flag and coat-of-arms/symbol images produce an unsatisfactory result, use flag_width (as % or px) to specify the width to be used for the flag image; the remaining width is then assigned to the coat-of-arms/symbol (if included).
Parameters for Geopolitical organization
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
|native_name = <!--Long-form name in native language-->
|name =
|linking_name = <!--For wikilinks, if diff from name-->
|image_flag = <!--Flag image's filename-->
|alt_flag = <!--alt text for flag-->
|symbol_type = <!--Symbol, Emblem, Logo, etc.-->
|image_symbol = <!--Symbol image's filename-->
|alt_symbol = <!--alt text for symbol-->
|symbol_width = <!--Symbol image's width (default 85px)-->
|motto = <!--"[motto]"-->
|anthem = <!--''[anthem name]''-->
|text_symbol_type = <!--for other types of text symbol-->
|text_symbol = <!--e.g. ''[hymn name]''-->
|image_map = <!--Map image's filename-->
|alt_map = <!--alt text for map image-->
|map_width = <!--Map image's width (default 250px)-->
|map_caption =
|org_type = <!--e.g. Trade bloc-->
|membership_type = <!--(default "Membership")-->
|membership = <!--Type/s and/or number/s of members-->
|admin_center_type = <!--e.g. "Administrative center" (default)-->
|admin_center = <!--Location/s of administrative center/s-->
|languages_type = <!--e.g. "[[Official language]]s" (default)-->
|languages =
|leader_title1 = <!--e.g. "Chair", "President", etc.-->
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 = <!--e.g. "Deputy chair", etc.-->
|leader_name2 =
...
|leader_title6 =
|leader_name6 =
|established = <!--Usually a date, in lieu of event/s below-->
|established_event1 =
|established_date1 =
|established_event2 =
|established_date2 =
...
|established_event9 =
|established_date9 =
|official_website =
|area_rank =
|area_magnitude =
|area_km2 = major area size (in square km)
|area_sq_mi = area in square mi (requires area_km2)
|percent_water =
|area_label = label under "Area" (default: Total)
|area_label2 = label below area_label (optional)
|area_dabodyalign = text after area_label2 (optional)
|population_estimate =
|population_estimate_rank =
|population_estimate_year =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_density_rank =
|GDP_PPP =
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal =
|GDP_nominal_rank =
|GDP_nominal_year =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini =
|Gini_year =
|Gini_category =
|HDI =
|HDI_rank =
|HDI_year =
|HDI_category =
|currency =
|currency_code =
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours -->
|footnotes = <!--For generic non-numbered footnotes-->
|footnote1 =
|footnote2 =
...
|footnote7 =
}}
Examples
Example for Country or territory
Code
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = {{lang|fr|''République du Cameroun''}}
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Cameroon
|common_name = Cameroon
|image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg
|alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red.
|image_coat = Cameroon COA.svg
|alt_coat = Tricolor shield before two crossed fasces. Its center is an inverted red kite shape covered with a purple outline of Cameroon below a gold star, with the scales of justice superimposed. Its left is green and its right is gold. Banners with fine print are above and below.
| symbol_type = Emblem
|image_map = LocationCameroon.svg
|alt_map = Political map of central Africa with Cameroon in red. An inset shows a world map with the main map's edges outlined.
|national_motto = "{{lang|fr|''Paix - Travail - Patrie''}}"{{spaces|2}}<small>([[French language|French]])<br/>"Peace - Work - Fatherland"
|national_anthem = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">{{lang|fr|''[[O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]''}}{{spaces|2}}<small>(French)<br/>''O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers'' <sup>1</sup></small></span>
|official_languages = [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]]
|demonym = Cameroonian
|capital = [[Yaoundé]]
|latd=3 |latm=52 |latNS=N |longd=11 |longm=31 |longEW=E <!--Google Maps-->
|largest_city = [[Douala]]
|government_type = [[Republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Heads of state of Cameroon|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cameroon|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Ephraim Inoni]]
|area_rank = 53rd <!--Demographic Yearbook 1.-->
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area_km2 = 475,442
|area_sq_mi = 183,568 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 1.3 <!--CIA World Factbook-->
|population_estimate = 17,795,000 <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_estimate_rank = 58th <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_estimate_year = July 2005 <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_census = 15,746,179
|population_census_year = 2003
|population_density_km2 = 37 <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|population_density_sq_mi = 97 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 167th <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
|GDP_PPP = $41.723 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=622&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=86&pr.y=14 |title=Cameroon|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2009-04-22}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year = 2008
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,152<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal = $23.243 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2008
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,199<ref name=imf2/>
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
|sovereignty_note = from [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom|UK]]
|established_event1 = Date
|established_date1 = 1 January 1960, 1 October 1961
|HDI = {{increase}} 0.532
|HDI_rank = 144th
|HDI_year = 2007
|HDI_category = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font>
|Gini = 44.5
|Gini_year = 2001
|Gini_category = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font>
|currency = [[Central African CFA franc]]
|currency_code = XAF
|country_code =
|time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = not observed
|utc_offset_DST = +1
|drives_on = right
|cctld = [[.cm]]
|calling_code = 237
|footnote1 = These are the titles as given in the ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Article X. The French version of the song is sometimes called "{{lang|fr|''Chant de Ralliement''}}", as in ''National Anthems of the World'', and the English version "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers", as in DeLancey and DeLancey 61.
}}
Result
Republic of Cameroon République du Cameroun | |
|---|---|
 Bendera
 Emblem
| |
Lagu kebangsaan: Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres (French) O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers 1 | |
 | |
| Ibu kota | Yaoundé |
| Kota terbesar | Douala |
| Bahasa resmi | French, English |
| Demonim | Cameroonian |
| Pemerintahan | Republic |
| Paul Biya | |
| Ephraim Inoni | |
| Independence | |
• Date | 1 January 1960, 1 October 1961 |
| Luas | |
- Total | 475,442 km2 (53rd) |
| 1.3 | |
| Populasi | |
- Perkiraan July 2005 | 17,795,000 (58th) |
- Sensus Penduduk 2003 | 15,746,179 |
| 37/km2 (167th) | |
| PDB (KKB) | 2008 |
- Total | $41.723 billion[1] |
| $2,152[1] | |
| PDB (nominal) | 2008 |
- Total | $23.243 billion[1] |
| $1,199[1] | |
| Gini (2001) | 44,5 sedang |
| IPM (2007) | Kenaikan 0,532 Error: Invalid HDI value · 144th |
| Mata uang | Central African CFA franc ( XAF) |
| Zona waktu | WAT (UTC+1) |
- Musim panas (DST) | UTC+1 (not observed) |
| Lajur kemudi | right |
| Kode telepon | 237 |
| Ranah Internet | .cm |
| |
Example for Geopolitical organization
Code
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
|native_name={{Collapsible list|title=<center>European Union<center>|<center>{{lang|bg|''Европейски съюз''}} {{bg icon}}<br>{{lang|cs|''Evropská unie''}} {{cs}}<br>{{lang|da|''Den Europæiske Union''}} {{da icon}}<br>{{lang|nl|''Europese Unie''}} {{nl icon}}<br>{{lang|et|''Euroopa Liit''}} {{et icon}}<br>{{lang|fi|''Euroopan unioni''}} {{fi icon}}<br>{{lang|fr|''Union européenne''}} {{fr icon}}<br>{{lang|de|''Europäische Union''}} {{de icon}}<br>{{lang|el|''Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση''}} {{el icon}}<br>{{lang|hu|''Európai Unió''}} {{hu icon}}<br>{{lang|ga|''An tAontas Eorpach''}} {{ga icon}}<br>{{lang|it|''Unione Europea''}} {{it}}<br>{{lang|lv|''Eiropas Savienība''}} {{lv icon}}<br>{{lang|lt|''Europos Sąjunga''}} {{lt icon}}<br>{{lang|mt|''L-Unjoni Ewropea''}} {{mt icon}}<br>{{lang|pl|''Unia Europejska''}} {{pl icon}}<br>{{lang|pt|''União Europeia''}} {{pt icon}}<br>{{lang|ro|''Uniunea Europeană''}} {{ro}}<br>{{lang|sk|''Európska únia''}} {{sk icon}}<br>{{lang|sl|''Evropska unija''}} {{sl}}<br>{{lang|es|''Unión Europea''}} {{es}}<br>{{lang|sv|''Europeiska unionen''}} {{sv}}<br></center>}}
|linking_name=the European Union
|image_flag=Flag of Europe.svg
|alt_flag=Circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background.
|image_coat=Czech European Union presidency 2009.svg
|alt_coat="EU2009.CZ" in multicolored bold text.
|symbol_width=95px
|symbol_type=Presidency insignia
|motto=[[Symbols of Europe#Motto|United in diversity]]<ref name="EU-Symbols">{{cite web|title=Symbols of the EU|url=http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/index_en.htm| publisher=Europa web portal|accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref>
|anthem=''[[Anthem of Europe|Ode to Joy]]''<ref name="EU-Symbols"/>{{spaces|1}}<small>(orchestral)</small>
|linking_name=the European Union
|image_map=EU27-2008 on a globe.svg
|alt_map=View of the globe with the European Union outlined.
|map_caption=
|map_width=220px
|admin_center_type=[[Location of European Union institutions|Political centres]]
|admin_center=[[Brussels]]<br>[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]]<br>[[Strasbourg]]
|largest_metropolitan_area=[[London]]
|languages_type=[[Official language]]s
|languages={{Collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=[[Languages of the European Union|23]]|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]|[[Czech language|Czech]]|[[Danish language|Danish]]|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]|[[English language|English]]|[[Estonian language|Estonian]]|[[Finnish language|Finnish]]|[[French language|French]]|[[German language|German]]|[[Greek language|Greek]]|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]|[[Irish language|Irish]]|[[Italian language|Italian]]|[[Latvian language|Latvian]]|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]|[[Maltese language|Maltese]]|[[Polish language|Polish]]|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]|[[Slovak language|Slovak]]|[[Slovene language|Slovene]]|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]}}
|membership_type=[[Member State of the European Union|Member States]]
|membership={{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=[[List of European Union member states|27]]|{{flag|Austria}}|{{flag|Belgium}}|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|{{flag|Cyprus}}|{{flag|Czech Republic}}|{{flag|Denmark}}|{{flag|Estonia}}|{{flag|Finland}}|{{flag|France}}|{{flag|Germany}}|{{flag|Greece}} |{{flag|Hungary}}|{{flag|Ireland}}|{{flag|Italy}}|{{flag|Latvia}}|{{flag|Lithuania}}|{{flag|Luxembourg}}|{{flag|Malta}}|{{flag|Netherlands}}|{{flag|Poland}}|{{flag|Portugal}} |{{flag|Romania}}|{{flag|Slovakia}}|{{flag|Slovenia}}|{{flag|Spain}}|{{flag|Sweden}}|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}}
|ethnic_groups=
|ethnic_groups_year=
|demonym=[[Citizenship of the European Union|European]]<ref>''The [[New Oxford American Dictionary]]'', Second Edn., [[Erin McKean]] (editor), 2051 pages, May 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6.</ref>
|government_type=[[Sui generis]]
|leader_title1=[[President of the European Council|{{nowrap|European Council}}]]
|leader_name1=[[Jan Fischer (Czech politician)|Jan Fischer]] <sup><small>([[Independent (politician)|Ind]], [[Czech Republic|CZE]])</small></sup>
|leader_title2=[[President of the European Parliament|Parliament]]
|leader_name2=[[Hans-Gert Pöttering]] <sup><small>[[European People's Party|(EPP)]]</small></sup>
|leader_title3=[[Presidency of the Council of the European Union|EU Council]]
|leader_name3=[[Czech Republic]]
|leader_title4=[[President of the European Commission|Commission]]
|leader_name4=[[José Manuel Barroso]] <sup><small>[[European People's Party|(EPP)]]</small></sup>
|sovereignty_type=[[History of the European Union|Formation]]
|sovereignty_note=
|established_event1=[[Treaty of Paris (1951)|Paris Treaty]]
|established_date1=18 April 1951
|established_event2=[[Treaty of Rome|Rome Treaty]]
|established_date2=25 March 1957
|established_event3=[[Maastricht Treaty]]
|established_date3=7 February 1992
|area_rank=n/a<!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|area_magnitude=1 E12
|area_km2=4,324,782
|area_sq_mi=1,669,807<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water=3.08
|population_estimate=499,673,300
|population_density_km2=115
|population_density_sq_mi=298
|population_estimate_rank=n/a<!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|population_estimate_year=2008
|population_census=
|population_census_year=
|population_density_km2=114<!--494,070,000/4,324,782=114 people/km2 (figures are those used in infobox on 21 August 2007 (2007 figures)-->
|population_density_sq_mi=289<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank=n/a<!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
<!--IMF GDP data published in April 2009; so please do not use the IMF *projections* for 2009 -->
|GDP_PPP=$15.247 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank= <!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|GDP_PPP_year=2008 ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]])
|GDP_PPP_per_capita=$30,513
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=<!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|GDP_nominal=$18.394 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank=n/a<!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|GDP_nominal_year=2008 ([[International Monetary Fund|IMF]])
|GDP_nominal_per_capita=$36,812
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=<!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|Gini=30.7 (EU25)<ref>[[European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions]] [http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/qualityoflife/eurlife/index.php?template=3&radioindic=158&idDomain=3]</ref>
|Gini_year=2009
|Gini_category=High
|HDI=0.960-0.825<ref>range from [[List of countries by Human Development Index]]</ref>
|HDI_rank=n/a<!--gives link to list--><!--For comparison only, rank order non sensical please do not add-->
|HDI_year=2006
|HDI_category=High
|currency={{Collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=[[Eurozone#Enlargement|Euro]] + 11|Euro (€) <code>([[ISO 4217|EUR]])</code> (''[[de jure]]'')|
----|[[Pound sterling|British pound]]|[[Bulgarian lev]]|[[Czech koruna]]|[[Danish krone]]|[[Estonian kroon]]|[[Hungarian forint]]|[[Latvian lats]]|[[Lithuanian litas]]|[[Polish złoty]]|[[Romanian leu]]|[[Swedish krona]]}}
|currency_code=
|time_zone=
|utc_offset=+0 to +2
|time_zone_DST-BST-GMT=
|DST_note=
|utc_offset_DST=+1 to +3
|cctld=[[.eu]]
| calling_code = [[List of calling codes in the EU|See list]]
|footnote1=
}}
Result
| |
|---|---|
 Bendera
 Presidency insignia
| |
 | |
| Political centres | Brussels Luxembourg Strasbourg |
| Official languages | |
| Demonim | European[3] |
| Member States | |
| Pemerintahan | Sui generis |
| Jan Fischer (Ind, CZE) | |
| Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) | |
| Czech Republic | |
| José Manuel Barroso (EPP) | |
| Formation | |
| 18 April 1951 | |
| 25 March 1957 | |
| 7 February 1992 | |
| Luas | |
- Total | 4,324,782 km2 (n/a) |
| 3.08 | |
| Populasi | |
- Perkiraan 2008 | 499,673,300 (n/a) |
| 114/km2 (n/a) | |
| PDB (KKB) | 2008 (IMF) |
- Total | $15.247 trillion |
| $30,513 | |
| PDB (nominal) | 2008 (IMF) |
- Total | $18.394 trillion (n/a) |
| $36,812 | |
| Gini (2009) | 30,7 (EU25)[4] Error: Invalid Gini value |
| IPM (2006) | 0,960−0,825[5] Error: Invalid HDI value · n/a |
| Mata uang | |
| Zona waktu | (UTC+0 to +2) |
- Musim panas (DST) | UTC+1 to +3 |
| Kode telepon | See list |
| Ranah Internet | .eu |
Sandbox
A sandbox has been set up so modifications to the template may be tested before being implemented in the template proper:
Template:Infobox Country/sandbox
If possible, please try to view any modifications using a variety of web browsers and on different types of computer (PC, Macintosh, etc). Thank you!
Microformat
References
- ^ a b c d "Cameroon". International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-22.
- ^ a b "Symbols of the EU". Europa web portal. Diakses tanggal 9 January 2008.
- ^ The New Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edn., Erin McKean (editor), 2051 pages, May 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6.
- ^ European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions [1]
- ^ range from List of countries by Human Development Index