Wikipedia

Yahya Sinwar

milisi dan politikus asal Palestina (1962–2024)
Revisi sejak 22 November 2023 00.50 oleh Badak Jawa (bicara | kontrib) (→Kehidupan awal: Menerjemahkan subjudul kehidupan awal)

Yahya Sinwar (bahasa Arab: يحيى السنوار, translit. Yaḥyá al-Sanwār, born 1962), juga dieja Yehya Sinwar,[2] adalah seorang politisi Palestina dan pemimpin Hamas, Islam Sunni [3] organisasi politik dan militer yang mengendalikan Jalur Gaza. Dia telah menjadi pemimpin Hamas di Gaza sejak Februari 2017, ketika dia menggantikan Ismail Haniyeh.[4][5] Yahya Sinwar adalah salah satu pendiri aparat keamanan Hamas.[6][7]

Yahya Sinwar
يحيى السنوار
Sinwar in 2013
Ketua Hamas di Jalur Gaza[1]
Mulai menjabat
13 February 2017
Perdana MenteriMohammed Awad
Issam al-Da’alis
PemimpinIsmail Haniyeh
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Ismail Haniyeh
Pengganti
Petahana
Sebelum
Informasi pribadi
Lahir1962 (umur 61–62)
Khan Yunis, Jalur Gaza yang diduduki Mesir
Partai politikHamas
PendidikanUniversitas Islam Gaza
IMDB: nm15823334 Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Lahir di kamp pengungsi Khan Yunis di Gaza yang dikuasai Mesir pada tahun 1962, keluarganya diusir atau melarikan diri dari Al-Majdal Asqalan (Ashkelon) selama Perang Arab-Israel 1948. Ia menyelesaikan studinya di Universitas Islam Gaza di mana ia menerima gelar sarjana dalam bidang Studi Arab.

Mengatur penculikan dan pembunuhan dua tentara Israel dan empat warga Palestina yang ia anggap sebagai kolaborator pada tahun 1989, ia dijatuhi hukuman empat hukuman seumur hidup oleh Israel, di mana ia menjalani hukuman selama 22 tahun hingga dibebaskan di antara 1.026 orang lainnya pada tahun 2011 pertukaran tawanan dengan imbalan tentara Israel yang diculik.[4] Pada tahun 2017, ia terpilih sebagai pemimpin Hamas, dan mengaku melakukan "perlawanan damai dan populer" pada tahun berikutnya, sebuah posisi yang kemudian ditinggalkannya.[8] Dia terpilih kembali sebagai pemimpin Hamas pada tahun 2021, dan menjadi sasaran upaya pembunuhan oleh Israel pada tahun itu.

Pada bulan September 2015, Sinwar ditetapkan sebagai teroris oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat,[6] dan Hamas serta Brigade Izz ad-Din al-Qassam juga telah ditetapkan sebagai organisasi teroris oleh Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, serta negara dan organisasi lain.

Kehidupan awal

Sinwar lahir Yahya Ibrahim Hassan Sinwar pada tahun 1962, di kamp pengungsi Khan Yunis, ketika Jalur Gaza berada di bawah kekuasaan Mesir, tempat ia menghabiskan tahun-tahun awalnya. Keluarganya diusir atau melarikan diri dari Al-Majdal Asqalan (Ashkelon) selama Perang Arab-Israel 1948, dan mencari perlindungan di Jalur Gaza. Setelah dia lulus SMA di Sekolah Menengah Putra Khan Yunis, dia melanjutkan ke Universitas Islam Gaza di mana dia menerima gelar sarjana dalam bidang Studi Arab.[9][10]

Career

Sinwar was first arrested in 1982 for subversive activities and he served several months in the Far'a prison where he met other Palestinian activists, including Salah Shehade, and dedicated himself to the Palestinian cause.[9] Arrested again in 1985,[5] upon his release he together with Rawhi Mushtaha co-founded the Munazzamat al Jihad w’al-Dawa (Majd), an organization that worked, among others, to identify collaborators with Israel among the Palestinian population,[4] which in 1987 became the "police" of Hamas.[9] His killing of suspected collaborators with Israel gained him the nickname "The Butcher of Khan Yunis".[11][12][13]

In 1988, Sinwar planned the abduction and killing of two Israeli soldiers and the murder of four Palestinians whom he suspected of cooperating with Israel. He was arrested on February that year; during questioning he admitted to strangling two of the victims, inadvertently killing another during a violent interrogation, and accidentally shooting the fourth during an attempted abduction, and showed investigators an orchard where the four bodies were buried.[14] He was sentenced to four life sentences in 1989.[5][6] He tried to escape several times but was always caught. In 2008 while serving a prison sentence he was operated on by Israeli doctors[15] to remove a tumor in his brain to save his life.[10][16] [17]Sinwar served 22 years of his sentence, and was the most senior Palestinian prisoner freed among 1,026 others in a 2011 prisoner exchange for IDF soldier Gilad Shalit, who had been held hostage by Hamas for five years.[4][18]

In 2015, he is believed to have overseen the torture and execution of fellow Hamas commander Mahmoud Ishtiwi, who was accused of embezzlement and homosexuality.[11]

In February 2017 Sinwar was secretly elected Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip, taking over from Ismail Haniyeh. In March, he established a Hamas controlled administrative committee for the Gaza Strip, which meant that he opposed any power sharing with the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah. Sinwar rejects any reconciliation with Israel.[4] He has called on militants to capture more Israeli soldiers.[6] In September 2017, a new round of negotiations with the Palestinian Authority began in Egypt, and Sinwar agreed to dissolve the Hamas administrative committee for Gaza.[19] More recently he has silenced hard-line voices in Gaza overruling the use of tunnels that Muhammad Deif wanted to use to sneak fighters into Israel before they were shut down by new classified Israeli technology in 2017.[8]

On 16 May 2018, in an unexpected announcement on Al Jazeera, Sinwar stated that Hamas would pursue "peaceful, popular resistance" opening the possibility that Hamas, which is considered a terrorist organisation by many countries, may play a role in negotiations with Israel.[8] A week earlier he had encouraged Gazans to breach the Israeli siege, saying "We would rather die as martyrs than die out of oppression and humiliation", and adding, "We are ready to die, and tens of thousands will die with us."[20]

On 1 December 2020, Sinwar tested positive for COVID-19 and was reportedly following the advice of health authorities and taking precautionary measures. A spokesman for the group also said that he was in "good health and [...] pursuing his duties as usual."[21]

In March 2021, he was elected to a second four-year term as the head of Hamas Gaza branch in an election held in secret. He is the highest-ranking Hamas official in Gaza and Gaza's de facto ruler, as well as the second most powerful member of Hamas after Haniyeh.[22]

On 15 May 2021, an Israeli airstrike was reported to have hit the home of the Hamas leader, there were no immediate details of any deaths or injured. The strike took place in the Khan Yunis region of southern Gaza in the midst of evergrowing tension between Israelis and Palestinians.[23] However, in the week that followed, he appeared publicly at least four times. The most obvious and daring thereof was in a press conference on 27 May 2021, when he mentioned (on air) that he will go home after the press conference (on foot), and invited the Israeli Minister of defense to take the decision to assassinate him in the following 60 minutes, until he reaches his home. Sinwar spent the next hour wandering in Gaza streets and having selfie photos with the public.[24]

2023 Israel–Hamas war

After three weeks of conflict in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Sinwar proposed the release of all Palestinian prisoners in Israeli confinement in exchange for the release of all the hostages kidnapped in the conflict.[25][26]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Israeli occupation's threats against Hamas officials reflect political impasse". Hamas. 25 September 2022. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2023. 
  2. ^ "Israel air strikes kill 42 Palestinians, rockets fired from Gaza". Reuters. 15 May 2021. 
  3. ^ Lopez, Anthony; Ireland, Carol; Ireland, Jane; Lewis, Michael (2020). The Handbook of Collective Violence: Current Developments and Understanding. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 239. ISBN 9780429588952. Kelompok Islam Sunni radikal yang paling sukses adalah Hamas, yang dimulai sebagai cabang Ikhwanul Muslimin di Palestina pada awal tahun 1980an. Mereka menggunakan serangan teroris terhadap warga sipil – khususnya bom bunuh diri – untuk membantu membangun gerakan yang lebih besar, hingga muncul sebagai pemerintah Jalur Gaza yang diakui di Otoritas Palestina. 
  4. ^ a b c d e Beaumont, Peter (13 February 2017). "Hamas elects hardliner Yahya Sinwar as its Gaza Strip chief". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 February 2017. 
  5. ^ a b c Balousha, Hazam; Booth, William (13 February 2017). "Hamas names hard-liner as its new political leader in Gaza". The Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 February 2017. 
  6. ^ a b c d "Terrorist Designations of Yahya Sinwar, Rawhi Mushtaha, and Muhammed Deif". United States Department of State. 8 September 2015. 
  7. ^ "The Palestinians try to reconcile". The Economist. 5 October 2017. 
  8. ^ a b c "The leader of Hamas in Gaza is the most influential man in Palestine". The Economist. 26 May 2018. 
  9. ^ a b c نبذة عن حياة الأسير يحيى السنوار مؤسس الجهاز الأمني لحركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس [About the life of the prisoner Yahya Sinwar founder of the security apparatus of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas] (dalam bahasa Arab). Palestinian Information Center. 15 April 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 June 2016. 
  10. ^ a b "Yehya Ibrahim Sinwar". Ezzedeen AL-Qassam Brigades. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 September 2016. 
  11. ^ a b Keay, Lara (2023-11-09). "Who is Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar - the 'butcher of Khan Younis' Israel claims to have trapped in a bunker?". Sky News (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 9 November 2023. 
  12. ^ Squires, Nick (2023-10-09). "Hamas' leader in Gaza Yahya Sinwar at the top of Israel's kill list". The Telegraph (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0307-1235. Diakses tanggal 2023-11-11. 
  13. ^ Hubbard, Ben; Abi-Habib, Maria (2023-11-08). "Behind Hamas's Bloody Gambit to Create a 'Permanent' State of War". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal 2023-11-10. 
  14. ^ לוינסון, חיים (2023-11-08). ""חנקתי אותו. הוא הבין שמגיע לו למות": העדויות של יחיא סינוואר כשנחקר בישראל". הארץ (dalam bahasa Ibrani). Diakses tanggal 2023-11-08. 
  15. ^ Nathan Rennolds (October 22, 2023). "Hamas Mastermind of Terror Attacks Had Life-Saving Brain Op in Israel: Reports". businessinsider.com. Diakses tanggal November 8, 2023. 
  16. ^ قائد حماس بالسجون يحيى السنوار... خطط للهرب اكثر من مرة وعوقب بالعزل [Imprisoned Hamas leader Yehia Sinwar ... planned to escape more than once and was punished with solitary]. Maan News Agency. 19 October 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 February 2017. 
  17. ^ Lieber, Dov (11 May 2017). "We saved the life of Hamas's Gaza leader, says Israel's ex-prison chief, dismissing strikers' complaints". Times of Israel. 
  18. ^ editorial, TV7 news (2 December 2020). "Hamas leader tests positive for coronavirus". TV7 Israel News. 
  19. ^ "Hamas agrees to talks with Fatah, hold elections". www.aljazeera.com. 
  20. ^ Halbfinger, David M.; Abuheweila, Iyad (10 May 2018). "As Gaza Teeters on Precipice, a Hamas Leader Speaks Out". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 25 September 2018. 
  21. ^ Almughrabi, Nidal (1 December 2020). Heller, Jeffrey; Ricahrdson, Alex, ed. "Hamas Gaza chief tests positive for COVID-19, spokesman says". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 1 December 2020. 
  22. ^ "Yahya Sinwar". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Diakses tanggal 15 May 2021. 
  23. ^ Gross, Judah Ari. "Home of Hamas leader in Gaza said hit by Israeli strike". www.timesofisrael.com. 
  24. ^ محلل إسرائيلي: أي عار هذا الذي نعيشه.. السنوار تجول في شوارع غزة وتحدى إسرائيل باغتياله ورسائله بكل اتجاه [Israeli analyst: What shame is this what we live in .. Sinwar wandered in the streets of Gaza and challenged Israel by assassinating him and his messages in every direction]. Aljazeera.net. Diakses tanggal 27 May 2021. 
  25. ^ "Hamas chief in Gaza says ready for 'immediate' prisoner swap with Israel". alarabiya.netv. 2023-10-28. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2023. 
  26. ^ "Hamas chief hiding in Gaza tunnels is in Israeli crosshairs". Times of India. 16 November 2023. 


  

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