McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II

McDonnell Douglas (sekarang Boeing) AV-8B Harrier II adalah sebuah keluarga generasi kedua lepas landas vertikal / pendek dan arahan atauV/STOL ground-attack aircraft akhir abad ke-20. Ini adalah pengembangan Anglo-Amerika dari Hawker Siddeley Harrier dan Sea Harrier. Hal ini terutama digunakan untuk tugas serangan ringan atau multi-peran, biasanya dioperasikan dari operator pesawat kecil,kapal amfibi serang besar dan selama pertempuran, basis operasi depan.

McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II

An AV-8B+ Harrier II Plus on the assault ship USS Nassau
Tipe	V/STOL ground-attack aircraft
Terbang perdana	YAV-8B: 9 November 1978
Diperkenalkan	August 1985
Status	Active
Pengguna utama	United States Marine Corps
Pengguna lain	Spanish Navy Italian Navy
Tahun produksi	AV-8B/B+: 1981-2003
Harga satuan	US$30-35 million in 1997 (AV-8B+)
Acuan dasar	Hawker Siddeley Harrier BAE Sea Harrier
Varian	BAE Harrier II

Meskipun AV-8B Harrier II saham peruntukan dengan sebelumnya Harrier AV-8A / C, AV-8B yang didesain ulang luas dari generasi sebelumnya Harrier GR.1A/AV-8A/C oleh McDonnell Douglas. British Aerospace bergabung dengan proyek Harrier pada awal 1980-an, dan telah dikelola oleh Boeing /BAE Systems sejak tahun 1990.

The AV-8B digunakan oleh United States Marine Corps. Versi Harrier GR7/GR9 Inggris digunakan oleh Royal Air Force dan Royal Navy. Versi ini juga digunakan oleh negara NATO : Spanyol dan Italia. Model keluarga Harrier biasa disebut sebagai "Harrier Jump Jet".

A YAV-8B Harrier II tests a ski jump at Naval Air Station Patuxent River.

Design

An AV-8B from VMA-231 at Oshkosh 2003.

Schematic drawing of the Rolls-Royce Pegasus

Varian

A US Marine Corps TAV-8B Harrier II.

An AV-8B Harrier II Plus from the Spanish aircraft carrier Principe de Asturias (R11) prepares to land.

An Italian TAV-8B Harrier II aboard Giuseppe Garibaldi (551).

YAV-8B

AV-8B Harrier II

AV-8B Harrier II Night Attack

AV-8B Harrier II Plus

TAV-8B Harrier II

TAV-8B Harrier II+

EAV-8B Matador II

EAV-8B Matador II+

Operator

Italia

• Italian Navy
  • Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati "The Wolves"

Spanyol

• Spanish Navy
  • 09th Squadron

An AV-8B Harrier II landing aboard the USS Bataan.

Amerika Serikat

• United States Marine Corps
  • VMA-211
  • VMA-214
  • VMA-223
  • VMA-231
  • VMA-311
  • VMA-513
  • VMA-542
  • VMAT-203
  • VX-31
  • VX-9

Spesifikasi (AV-8B+ Harrier II Plus)

Orthographic projection of the AV-8B Harrier II.

AV-8 Harrier II being refueled by a KC-10 Extender.

Gambar pada pranala luar
Armament and vectored nozzles
	Underside of AV-8 Harrier II

Ciri-ciri umum

• Kru: 1 pilot
• Panjang: 46 ft 4 in
• Rentang sayap: 30 ft 4 in
• Tinggi: 11 ft 8 in
• Luas sayap: 243.4 ft²
• Airfoil: supercritical airfoil
• Berat kosong: 13,968 lb
• Berat isi: 22,950 lb
• Berat maksimum saat lepas landas:
  
  • Rolling: 31,000 lb (14,100 kg)
  • Vertical: 20,755 lb
• Mesin: 1 × Rolls-Royce F402-RR-408 (Mk 107) vectored-thrust turbofan, 23,500 lbf

Kinerja

• Laju maksimum: Mach 0.89 (662 mph, 1,070 km/h) at sea level
• Jangkauan: 1,200 nm
• Radius tempur: 300 nmi (556 km)
• Jangkauan feri: 1,800 nmi (3,300 km)
• Laju tanjak: 14,700 ft/min
• Beban sayap: 94.29 lb/ft²

Persenjataan

• Senjata api: 1× 25 mm (0.98 in) GAU-12 Equalizer cannon mounted under-fuselage in the left pod with 300 rounds of ammunition in the right pod (American/Spanish/Italian configuration)
• Hardpoints: 6× under-wing pylon stations holding up to 13,200 lb (5,988 kg) of payload:
• Roket:
  
  • 4× LAU-5003 rocket pods (each with 19× CRV7 70 mm rockets)
• Rudal:
  
  • Air-to-air missiles:
    • 4× AIM-9 Sidewinder or similar-sized infrared-guided missiles
    • 6× AIM-120 AMRAAM (mounted on radar equipped AV-8B+ variants)
  • Air-to-surface missiles:
    • 6× AGM-65 Maverick; or
    • 2× AGM-84 Harpoon; or
    • 2× AGM-88 HARM; or
• Bom:
  
  • CBU-100 Cluster Bombs (CBUs)
  • Mark 80 series of unguided bombs (including 3 kg and 14 kg practice bombs)
  • Paveway series of Laser-guided bombs (LGBs)
  • Mark 77 napalm canisters
• Others:
  • up to 4× 300/330/370 US Gallon drop tanks (pylon stations No. 2, 3, 4 & 5 are wet plumbed) for ferry flight/extended range/loitering time

Avionik

• Raytheon APG-65
• AN/AAQ-28V LITENING targeting pod (mounted on radar equipped AV-8B+ variants)
  • Special note: An upgrade program is currently fitting airframes with wiring and software to employ 1760 bus-based smart weapons, such as Joint Direct Attack Munitions

Lihat pula

• Harrier Jump Jet, an overview of the Harrier family
• Harrier Jump Jet family losses

Pengembangan yang berhubungan

• BAE Harrier II
• BAE Sea Harrier
• Hawker P.1127
• Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Pesawat sebanding dalam peran, konfigurasi, dan era

• Boeing X-32
• F-35 Lightning II
• Yakovlev Yak-38
• Yakovlev Yak-141

Daftar terkait

• List of active United States military aircraft

Referensi

Bibliografi

• Donald, David (2004). Modern Battlefield Warplanes. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. ISBN 1-880588-76-5. 
• Jenkins, Dennis R. Boeing / BAe Harrier. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1998. ISBN 1-58007-014-0.
• Markman, Steve and Bill Holder. "MAC-DAC/BAe AV-8 Harrier Vectored Thrust VTOL". Straight Up: A History of Vertical Flight. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7643-1204-9.
• Nordeen, Lon O. Harrier II, Validating V/STOL. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2006. ISBN 1-59114-536-8.

Pranala luar

• AV-8B Plus product page on Boeing.com
• AV-8B Harrier description and AV-8B Harrier II history page on Navy.mil
• Navy.mil - Standard Aircraft Characteristics: AV-8B Harrier II
• RTP-TV AeroSpace Show: Video of Harrier Hovering
• AV-8B Harrier finding Success in Iraq (Defense Industry Daily:March 30, 2005)
• Far From Battlefield, Marines Lose One-Third of Harrier Fleet - a Pulitzer Prize winning article