Kesenjangan sosial

Ketimpangan sosial atau Kesenjangan sosial adalah suatu keadaan di mana terjadi kesenjangan, ketimpangan, ataupun ketidaksamaan akses untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya yang terjadi dalam suatu masyarakat. Ketimpangan sosial berarti tidak seimbang atau terjadi jarak di tengah masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan status sosial, ekonomi, maupun budaya.

Peta dunia yang menunjukkan Indeks Pengembangan Manusia terkait Kesenjangan 2014. Indeks tersebut menangkap Pengembangan Manusia dari rata-rata orang dalam masyarakat, yang kurang saat terdapat kesenjangan dalam persebaran kesehatan, pendidikan dan pendapatan.

Kesenjangan sosial terjadi saat sumber daya yang ada di dalam suatu masyarakat tidak tersebar secara merata, yang menimbulkan pola-pola khusus berdasarkan kategori-kategori yang ditetapkan secara sosial. Kesenjangan sosial dihasilkan oleh perbedaan kekuasaan, agama, kekerabatan, martabat, ras, etnisitas, gender, usia dan golongan. Kesenjangan sosial berkaitan dengan kesenjangan ekonomi, yang biasanya dideskripsikan atas dasar distribusi pemasukan atau kekayaan yang tidak merata, merupakan jenis kesenjangan sosial yang sering diteliti. Ilmu ekonomi dan sosiologi secara aktif menggunakan pendekatan-pendekatan yang berbeda untuk meneliti dan menjelaskan kesenjangan ekonomi. Namun, sumber daya alam dan sosial selain sumber daya ekonomi murni juga tak tersebar secara merata dalam sebagian besar masyarakat dan dapat menghasilkan status sosial yang berbeda-beda. Norma-norma alokasi dapat berdampak pada distribusi hak dan kewajiban, kekuasaan sosial, akses pada barang-barang publik seperti pendidikan atau sistem yudisial, perumahan, transportasi, kredit dan jasa keuangan seperti perbankan dan barang dan jasa sosial lainnya.

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Pranala luar

• Inequality watch
• "Wealth Gap" - A Guide Diarsipkan 2014-07-14 di Wayback Machine. (January 2014), AP News
• Guardian.com/business/2015/jan/19/global-wealth-oxfam-inequality-davos-economic-summit-switzerland New Oxfam report says half of global wealth held by the 1% Diarsipkan 2015-11-03 di Wayback Machine. (2015-01-19). "Oxfam warns of widening inequality gap." The Guardian
• How Much More (Or Less) Would You Make If We Rolled Back Inequality? (January 2015). "How much more (or less) would families be earning today if inequality had remained flat since 1979?" National Public Radio
• OECD - Education GPS: Gender differences in education